Pathogens and Global Health最新文献

{"title":"Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Northeast region of Brazil.","authors":"Adriano Antunes de Souza Araújo,&nbsp;Lucindo José Quintans-Júnior,&nbsp;Luana Heimfarth,&nbsp;Dulce Marta Schimieguel,&nbsp;Cristiane Bani Corrêa,&nbsp;Tatiana Rodrigues de Moura,&nbsp;Rafael Ciro Marques Cavalcante,&nbsp;Renata Grespan,&nbsp;Jullyana de Souza Siqueira Quintans,&nbsp;Danillo Menezes Dos Santos,&nbsp;Danilo Nobre da Silva,&nbsp;Yrna Lorena Matos de Oliveira,&nbsp;Mariana Nobre Farias de Franca,&nbsp;Marcílio da Conceição Silva,&nbsp;Darla Lorena Freitas de Sá,&nbsp;Fernanda Oliveira de Carvalho,&nbsp;Mércia Feitosa de Souza,&nbsp;Marco Aurélio de Oliveira Góes,&nbsp;Victor Santana Santos,&nbsp;Paulo Ricardo Martins-Filho","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2022.2121366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20477724.2022.2121366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this household-based seroepidemiological survey, we analyzed the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Sergipe State, Northeast Brazil, the poorest region of the country. A total of 16,547 individuals were tested using a rapid IgM-IgG antibody test and fluorescence immunoassay (FIA). Seroprevalence rates were presented according to age, sex, and geographic region. A comparative analysis was performed between the results obtained in July 2020 (peak of the first wave), August - November 2020 (end of the first wave), and February - March 2021 (beginning of the second wave). Seroprevalence rates in the three phases were estimated at 9.3% (95% CI 8.5-10.1), 12.0% (95% CI 11.2-12.9) and 15.4% (95% CI 14.5-16.4). At the end of the first wave, there was a rise in seroprevalence in the countryside (p < 0.001). At the beginning of the second wave, we found an increase in seroprevalence among women (p < 0.001), adults aged 20 to 59 years (p < 0.001), and the elderly (p < 0.001). In this phase, we found an increase in estimates both in metropolitan areas and in the countryside (p < 0.001). This study showed an increase in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence over the first year of the pandemic, with approximately one in six people having anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at the beginning of the second wave of COVID-19. Furthermore, our results suggest a rapid spread of COVID-19 from metropolitan areas to the countryside during the first months of the pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":"117 5","pages":"505-512"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10262788/pdf/YPGH_117_2121366.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10206897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intermittent preventive treatment with Sulfadoxine pyrimethamine for malaria: a global overview and challenges affecting optimal drug uptake in pregnant women.","authors":"Rodrigue Roman Dongang Nana,&nbsp;Joseph Hawadak,&nbsp;Loick Pradel Kojom Foko,&nbsp;Amit Kumar,&nbsp;Shewta Chaudhry,&nbsp;Aditi Arya,&nbsp;Vineeta Singh","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2022.2128563","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20477724.2022.2128563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malaria in Pregnancy (MiP) leading to morbidity and mortality is a major public health problem that poses significant risk to pregnant women and their fetus. To cope with this alarming situation, administration of Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) drugs to pregnant women as an intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) from 16 weeks of gestation is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. We conducted a comprehensive search of published articles related to MiP in last 10 years with predefined keywords or their synonyms. The mapping of malaria in pregnant women showed a prevalence rate up to 35% in many countries. Although IPTp-SP has been implemented in endemic regions since several years but the IPTp-SP coverage percentage vary from country to country and continue to remain below the target of 80%. Major reasons for low IPTp-SP involve gestational age at first prenatal visit, level of education, place of residence, knowledge of IPTp-SP benefits, and use of antenatal services. Several challenges including the emergence of septuple and octuple SP-resistant parasites is reported from many countries which make the prophylactic use of IPTp-SP currently debatable. This narrative review addresses the barriers for optimal use of IPTp-SP and discusses alternative approaches to increase the use and effectiveness of SP intervention for preventing MiP. The COVID pandemic has drastically affected the public health disrupting the management of diseases worldwide. In view of this, a brief summary of COVID impact on MiP situation is also included.</p>","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":"117 5","pages":"462-475"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10337642/pdf/YPGH_117_2128563.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9775709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact assessment of Intensified Malaria Control Project in transitioning a high malaria-endemic district to a low-endemic district: an epidemiological aspect.","authors":"Rahim Ali Ahmed, Avdhesh Kumar, Ananta Swargiary, Harpal Singh Suri, Hari Shankar, Syed Shah Areeb Hussain, Gaurav Kumar, Kuldeep Singh, Dipika Kalita, Afluza Begum","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2023.2194498","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20477724.2023.2194498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intensified Malaria Control Project (IMCP) was implemented in 2005 to control malaria in all North-Eastern and Odisha states of India. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of IMCP in reducing the malaria burden in Udalguri district, Assam state of North-East India. Malaria epidemiological data were obtained for IMCP intervention (Udalguri) and nonintervention district (West Singhbhumi, Jharkhand state). IMCP activities include introducing bi-valent rapid diagnostic kits (RDTs), Artemether-Lumefantrine drug in North-East India, long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) distribution, and creating awareness programs about malaria in an intensified mode. The data revealed a significant decline in annual parasite incidence (API) from 14.94 (2005) to 2.61 (2018), -37% (95%CI: -57%, -19%, <i>p</i> = 001) after using LLINs in 2009 and -64% (95%CI: -116%, -14%, <i>p</i> = 013) after the introduction of RDTs in district Udalguri. Whereas control district showed a -28% (95%CI: -63%, 6.3%, <i>p</i> = 0.051) decrease in API using LLINs and a 10% (95%CI: -7.6%, 28%, <i>p</i> = 0.122) increase after the introduction of RDTs. <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> (<i>Pf</i>) and <i>P. vivax</i> (<i>Pv</i>) were the major malarial parasites in Udalguri. <i>Pv</i>-malaria was much higher (71%) than <i>Pf</i>-malaria (29%) during the study period. An increasing trend of <i>Pf</i> cases was observed in Udalguri. Udalguri and Khoirabari BPHCs showed an overall reduction of 94% (95%CI: -143%, -45%, <i>p</i> = 0.001) and 84% (95%CI: -126%, -39%, <i>p</i> = 0.003), respectively; however, only a 10% (95%CI: -65%, -41%, <i>p</i> = 0.360) reduction in API was observed in Orang BPHC. An overall decrease in malaria indicates the effective implementation of vector and disease control strategies in the Udalguri district.</p>","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":"117 5","pages":"493-504"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10262807/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9690339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical aspects of malarial retinopathy: a critical review.","authors":"Ketan Raymond Nair Brodeur,&nbsp;Anderson Herculano,&nbsp;Karen Oliveira","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2022.2128568","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20477724.2022.2128568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review will provide a better understanding of a set of signs known as malarial retinopathy. The discovery of this retinopathy in association with cerebral malaria is important because it best distinguishes patients with true cerebral malaria from those with coma due to other causes and incidental <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> parasitemia. Identifying a comatose patient with malarial retinopathy increases the likelihood of an accurate severe or cerebral malaria diagnosis. As the World Health Organization does not specify that malarial retinopathy is one of the factors included in determining a cerebral malaria diagnosis, there are significant false-positive diagnoses of cerebral malaria. Once a cerebral malaria diagnosis is assigned, other possibilities and treatments are often excluded making an incorrect diagnosis of cerebral malaria potentially fatal. However, <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> may also contribute to coma in some children with retinopathy-negative cerebral malaria, as this group is still not clinically well characterized, so all children with the WHO definition of cerebral malaria should be treated for severe malaria. Nevertheless, by raising awareness about malarial retinopathy, there could be a greater potential to accurately diagnose cerebral malaria and thus achieve more positive patient outcomes in the future. This literary review aims to raise awareness of the retinopathy by defining what it is to non-experts, explaining its pathology, clarifying the techniques needed to accurately diagnose malarial retinopathy, as well as the barriers that prevent clinicians from providing a proper diagnosis in malaria-endemic regions; and finally, discuss future directions to continue the study of malarial retinopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":"117 5","pages":"450-461"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10262785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9685904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infectious disease burden among forcibly displaced populations: considerations for effective research.","authors":"Carly Ching, Muhammad H Zaman","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2023.2217401","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20477724.2023.2217401","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":"117 5","pages":"435-436"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10262769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9741538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global spread and evolutionary convergence of multidrug-resistant and hypervirulent <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> high-risk clones.","authors":"Gabriele Arcari,&nbsp;Alessandra Carattoli","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2022.2121362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20477724.2022.2121362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For people living in developed countries life span is growing at a faster pace than ever. One of the main reasons for such success is attributable to the introduction and extensive use in the clinical practice of antibiotics over the course of the last seven decades. In hospital settings, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> represents a well-known and commonly described opportunistic pathogen, typically characterized by resistance to several antibiotic classes. On the other hand, the broad wedge of population living in Low and/or Middle Income Countries is increasing rapidly, allowing the spread of several commensal bacteria which are transmitted via human contact. Community transmission has been the original milieu of <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolates characterized by an outstanding virulence (hypervirulent). These two characteristics, also defined as \"pathotypes\", originally emerged as different pathways in the evolutionary history of <i>K. pneumoniae</i>. For a long time, the Sequence Type (ST), which is defined by the combination of alleles of the 7 housekeeping genes of the Multi-Locus Sequence Typing, has been a reliable marker of the pathotype: multidrug-resistant clones (e.g. ST258, ST147, ST101) in the Western world and hypervirulent clones (e.g. ST23, ST65, ST86) in the Eastern. Currently, the boundaries separating the two pathotypes are fading away due to several factors, and we are witnessing a worrisome convergence in certain high-risk clones. Here we review the evidence available on confluence of multidrug-resistance and hypervirulence in specific <i>K. pneumoniae</i> clones.</p>","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":"117 4","pages":"328-341"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10177687/pdf/YPGH_117_2121362.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10202450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Echinococcus multilocularis</i> protoscoleces enhance glycolysis to promote M2 Macrophages through PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway.","authors":"Tao Zhang,&nbsp;Yaogang Zhang,&nbsp;Zihan Yang,&nbsp;Yuan Jiang,&nbsp;Li Sun,&nbsp;Dengliang Huang,&nbsp;Meiyuan Tian,&nbsp;Yinhong Shen,&nbsp;Jun Deng,&nbsp;Jing Hou,&nbsp;Yanyan Ma","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2022.2104055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20477724.2022.2104055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alveolar Echinococcosis (AE) is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by <i>Echinococcus multilocularis</i>, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. The primary objective of this study is to explore whether <i>Echinococcus multilocularis</i> protoscoleces (PSCs) regulate macrophage polarization and glucose metabolism by PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. We found that large numbers of CD68⁺ macrophages gathered in close liver issue from the lesion in AE patients. PSCs preferentially differentiated into M2 macrophages and the expressions of HK1, PFKL, PKM2, PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, mTOR and p-mTOR increased. The above results show that <i>Echinococcus multilocularis</i> protoscoleces enhance glycolysis to promote M2 macrophages through PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":"117 4","pages":"409-416"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10177676/pdf/YPGH_117_2104055.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10243704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the antileishmanial effect of polyclonal antibodies and cationic antimicrobial peptides.","authors":"Mahsa Esmaeilifallah,&nbsp;Hossein Khanahmad,&nbsp;Zahra Ghayour,&nbsp;Sedighe Saberi,&nbsp;Reza Kalantari,&nbsp;Seyed Hossein Hejazi","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2022.2101838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20477724.2022.2101838","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leishmaniasis is one of the tropical and subtropical diseases which, according to WHO, has the priority of control. The list of anti-leishmanial drugs is limited and requires side effects, high costs, and long-term treatments. Various species, parasite resistance, and simultaneous diseases are among the factors that affect the effectiveness of treatment. Due to these problems and based on satisfactory records of previous studies using antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) against infectious diseases, this study aimed to evaluate the antileishmanial effect of <i>Leishmania</i>-infected macrophage polyclonal antibody (LIMPA) with or without different concentrations (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 µg/ml) of CM11 and (40, 80, and 100 µg/ml) BufIIIb, two AMPs, <i>in vitro</i> and their therapeutic effects against CL of Balb/c mice. Results showed that LIMPA induced an anti-proliferative effect on <i>Leishmania major</i> growth in macrophages <i>in vitro</i> and intramacrophage-amastigotes <i>in vivo</i>. CM11 with IC50 of 8.73 and 10.10 μg/ml at 48 hours, and BufIIIb with IC50 of 66.83 and 80.26 μg/ml, at 24 hours showed the most significant inhibition of <i>L. major</i> promastigotes and amastigotes. In addition, the CM11 and BufIIIb, with a CC50 of 9.7 μg/ml and 40.34 μg/ml, showed the most significant inhibition effect on the J774.A1 cell line at 48 hours, respectively. In addition, <i>in vivo</i> experiments using LIMPA with a 0.01 mg/kg dosage showed a significant difference (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in the last week of the measurement compared to the control. The results of this study may be a promising prospect for further investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":"117 4","pages":"366-380"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10177747/pdf/YPGH_117_2101838.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10205635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avian influenza A H5N1: are we really sure it is a spillover?","authors":"Fabio Scarpa, Daria Sanna, Marta Giovanetti, Stefano Pascarella, Marco Casu, Massimo Ciccozzi","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2023.2201980","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20477724.2023.2201980","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":"117 4","pages":"323-325"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10177696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9496601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recrudescence of measles in India: an emerging threat.","authors":"Akshay Raut, Nguyen Tien Huy","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2023.2197670","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20477724.2023.2197670","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":"117 4","pages":"326-327"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10177746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9494256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}