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Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry最新文献

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Examination of Impact of Arsenic Stress on Soil Microbes 砷胁迫对土壤微生物影响的研究
IF 0.6
Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry Pub Date : 2020-12-24 DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2020.12.36
Maleeha Umber, M. Ahmad, Rashida Sultana, Fareeha Iffat, A. Khalid, Shanza Kiran
{"title":"Examination of Impact of Arsenic Stress on Soil Microbes","authors":"Maleeha Umber, M. Ahmad, Rashida Sultana, Fareeha Iffat, A. Khalid, Shanza Kiran","doi":"10.21743/pjaec/2020.12.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2020.12.36","url":null,"abstract":"The research was performed at Botany department, Nusrat Jahan College Rabwah Pakistan to screen stress tolerance level of soil microbes (pseudomonas and penicillium) taken from NARC (National Agricultural Research Centre) Pakistan against different levels of sodium arsenite stress (1 mg/L to 10 mg/L). The research was based on completely randomized design. Three drops were applied to microbes grown on CLED (cysteine-, lactose-, and electrolyte-deficient) media to determine zone of inhibition through disk, well and spread method, while control group was without sodium arsenite application. After application of various levels of arsenic stress organisms were incubated for 24 h at 37°C. After incubation, zones of inhibition were measured. Our study has shown that both micobes cannot overcome higher levels of arsenic stress because in higher stress petriplates, increased inhibitory zones were observed.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48441780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Zearalenone Removal by Using Banana Peel as an Adsorbent 以香蕉皮为吸附剂去除玉米赤霉烯酮
IF 0.6
Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry Pub Date : 2020-12-24 DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2020.12.29
Z. Shar
{"title":"Zearalenone Removal by Using Banana Peel as an Adsorbent","authors":"Z. Shar","doi":"10.21743/pjaec/2020.12.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2020.12.29","url":null,"abstract":"Zearalenone (ZEA) is the most occurring Fusarium toxin in animal feed causing reproductive disorders and results in severe economical losses. A renewable bio adsorbent sourced from banana peel was tested for in vitro removal of ZEA from liquid mediums at different pH values. Efficacy of banana peel to sequester ZEA was evaluated by varying its pH, adsorbent dosage, equilibration time and quantified by using UHPLC-MS/MS. Adsorption was found to be efficient and completed in fifteen minutes with highest adsorption at alkaline pH (9). The adsorption and desorption studies have demonstrated the adsorption was strong enough to sustain the pH changes (3-9). Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to characterize the surface of bio sorbent to explain the mechanism of adsorption. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm was found to be best fitted model with maximum monolayer capacity (Q0) 8 ng/mg. The results of this study suggested that dried banana peel may be an effective low cost decontamination method to be incorporated in animal feed.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47305523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development of Numerical Eulerian-Eulerian Model for Computational Analysis of Potential in Chemical Process Intensification from Trickle Bed Reactors 滴流床反应器化学过程强化势计算分析的欧拉-欧拉数值模型的发展
IF 0.6
Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry Pub Date : 2020-12-24 DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2020.12.40
S. K. Suri
{"title":"Development of Numerical Eulerian-Eulerian Model for Computational Analysis of Potential in Chemical Process Intensification from Trickle Bed Reactors","authors":"S. K. Suri","doi":"10.21743/pjaec/2020.12.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2020.12.40","url":null,"abstract":"The computational fluid dynamics techniques keep a paramount role by evaluating a reactor performance. The transitory performance of a Trickle bed reactor is readily monitored from its three phase’s flow conditions. This research review study corresponds towards the formation of boundaries in this Trickle bed reactors system to designate its comprehensive methodology with an optimized solution. The main paramount significance of computational fluid dynamics techniques is to observe the validity and an effective significance of the experimental result. The catalyst bed is modelled with the help of dynamic and steady state models by introducing mass and energy conservation equations. The Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase modelling technique is designed for hydro-desulfurization (HDS) and hydro-dearomatization (HDA) chemical process change from interactive momentum models. The effect in bed porosity on the HDS reaction process is observed from interactive mass transfer with solid bed condition in Trickle bed reactor. The congregated results from computational fluid dynamics codes show that wetting efficiency increases with increase in both hydrogen sulphide concentration and HDS conversion. The conversion of HDS reaction decreases with increase in hydrogen disulphide (H2S) concentration at both partially wetted and wetted bed conditions. On the other hand, there is small decrease in HDS conversion from 72% to 63.75% at H2S volumetric concentration of 0 to 8%. These observations also indicate that computational fluid dynamics provides random accessibility of liquid flow in Trickle bed reactor. There results also reveal that there is periodic variation in saturated liquid phase. The regions which are close to its wall are less irrigated. These characteristics can be changed and have effect on the reactor performance. Hence, the present review study presents the unprecedented results with high accuracy.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41807577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Utilization of Waste for Energy Generation in Clinker Production: Environmental Perspective 熟料生产中废物发电的利用:环境视角
IF 0.6
Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry Pub Date : 2020-12-23 DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2020.12.21
F. Tunçez
{"title":"Utilization of Waste for Energy Generation in Clinker Production: Environmental Perspective","authors":"F. Tunçez","doi":"10.21743/pjaec/2020.12.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2020.12.21","url":null,"abstract":"Meeting the increasing energy need from fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas caused the rapid depletion of natural resources. In a world where the need for energy is constantly increasing and resources are getting scarce; it is necessary to ensure the sustainability of energy. Clinker production is a process which require high amount of energy in manufacturing industry. The fact that energy is mostly obtained from coal, which is a non-renewable fuel, puts the future of the sustainability of cement production at risk. Alternative fuel usage plays the most important role in achieving more than one goal, such as protecting natural resources and utilization of waste. In this study, data was obtained from Turkish cement factories which used waste for fuel generation in clicker production in year 2017. The data was evaluated and amount of coal that could be saved annually was calculated. Results revealed that a10934.573 TJ of energy was obtained from the use of waste for alternative fuel in 2017 in Turkey thus, it is demonstrated that 918871 tons of nonrenewable fuel-lignite coal could be preserved.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43942975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Appraisal of Fluoride Contamination in Groundwater Using Statistical Approach in Rural Areas of Quetta, Balochistan 用统计方法评价俾路支省奎达农村地区地下水中的氟化物污染
IF 0.6
Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry Pub Date : 2020-12-23 DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2020.12.33
Abida Dost Mohammad
{"title":"Appraisal of Fluoride Contamination in Groundwater Using Statistical Approach in Rural Areas of Quetta, Balochistan","authors":"Abida Dost Mohammad","doi":"10.21743/pjaec/2020.12.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2020.12.33","url":null,"abstract":"Fluoride is a significant parameter of water quality and its consumption less or more than the permissible limits in drinking water is detrimental to human health. Therefore, an analysis of groundwater sources in rural areas of Quetta was carried out. Altogether 32 samples were collected from Borewells and Tubewells from Kuchlak, Mariabad, Hazarganji, and Hanna Valley. Samples were subjected to the examination of physicochemical parameters using standard procedures. All the samples were transparent; pH was in the range of 6.4-11.2, Electrical Conductivity (EC) varied from 342-784 µs/cm, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) ranged between 219-502 mg/L Total Hardness (TH) varied from 140-680 mg/L and Franged from 0.17-3.2 mg/L. The comparison of estimated values showed that all the samples were exceeding the limits prescribed by WHO. Correlation studies showed that pH and EC were positively correlated with F- . Fluoride showed a strong positive correlation with TDS and a negative correlation with TH. This research study indicates that 75% of groundwater samples had Fconcentration greater than the allowable limits of WHO. A reliable monitoring program is needed to manage the drinking water quality and health of the population.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47017408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Monitoring of Zinc Profile of Forages Irrigated with City Effluent 城市污水灌溉牧草锌分布的监测
IF 0.6
Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry Pub Date : 2020-12-23 DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2020.12.32
Z. Khan, K. Ahmad, Hareem Safdar, I. Ugulu, Kinza Wajid, M. Munir, Y. Dogan
{"title":"Monitoring of Zinc Profile of Forages Irrigated with City Effluent","authors":"Z. Khan, K. Ahmad, Hareem Safdar, I. Ugulu, Kinza Wajid, M. Munir, Y. Dogan","doi":"10.21743/pjaec/2020.12.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2020.12.32","url":null,"abstract":"Wastewater contains a surplus amount of trace metals that contaminate the soil and crops. A pot trial was performed to determine the impact of wastewater on the zinc accumulation in forages and their associated health risk. Forages both of summer (Zea mays, Echinochloa colona, Pennisetum typhoideum, Sorghum vulgare, Sorghum bicolor, Sesbania rostrata, and Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) and winter (Trifolium alexandrinum, Medicago sativa, Brassica campestris, Trifolium resupinatum, Brassica juncea, and Brassica napus) were grown with sewage water and tap water treatment. The experiment was laid down in a completely randomized design with five replicates. The concentration of zinc in water, root and forage samples were analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. In tap water, the zinc value was 0.498 mg/L and in wastewater 0.509 mg/L, respectively. The maximum level of zinc in the forages leaves was 3.582 mg/kg found in Brassica napus grown in the winter season. The maximum observed value for zinc bioconcentration factor in Brassica juncea was (2.88) grown in winter. The values of pollution load index for zinc were found less than 1. The values of daily intake of metal and health risk index for zinc in all forages were less than 1 indicated that consumption of these forages was free of risk.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43777145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Classification, Uses and Environmental Implications of Disinfectants 消毒剂的分类、使用和环境影响
IF 0.6
Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry Pub Date : 2020-12-23 DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2020.12.20
Fadim Yemiş, Nilgün Yenil
{"title":"Classification, Uses and Environmental Implications of Disinfectants","authors":"Fadim Yemiş, Nilgün Yenil","doi":"10.21743/pjaec/2020.12.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2020.12.20","url":null,"abstract":"Disinfectants are not only cleaning reagents such as soap or detergents but are hygienic materials prepared with the composition of various chemicals. Many classification routes are possible, but they are placed in two main groups, such as organic and inorganic disinfectants. The classification prevails for high level disinfectants and depends on chemical structure. In high-level disinfectants aldehydes, hydrogen peroxide, and chloride type chemicals are used. In contrast, alcohols, phenols, ammonium salts, and iodine solutions are recommended for low disinfectant applications. Soap, iodide, and alcohol solutions are the best antiseptic agents for hand and skin. Iodine-based solutions are good primary tissue and skin disinfectants. The alcohol solutions have a good inhibitory effect on many microorganisms, micro bacteria, fungi, and various viruses. These solution types are not hazardous to use as both antiseptic and surface disinfectants compared to many other chemicals.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44150078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Natural Gas Potential of Pakistan an Important Parameter in Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions 巴基斯坦的天然气潜力是减少温室气体排放的重要参数
IF 0.6
Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry Pub Date : 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2020.12.23
Abdul Majeed Shar
{"title":"Natural Gas Potential of Pakistan an Important Parameter in Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions","authors":"Abdul Majeed Shar","doi":"10.21743/pjaec/2020.12.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2020.12.23","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is one of the most challenging issues in Pakistan and has affected humans in every sphere of life. Pakistan is ranked on 8th in the world among the countries emitting Greenhouse gases (GHG). Such an extensive emission of GHG is due to the growing number of industrial units and urban centres consuming fossil fuels that emit GHG at a large scale. Mitigating the GHG emission indeed is a challenge for Pakistan. This manuscript highlights the GHG emission status and provides recommendations with suitable alternatives to mitigate the emission. Simultaneously, the study explores the impact of switching over the fuels from conventional fossil fuels to unconventional natural gas as a source of energy for domestic use, transportations and industrial sectors to mitigate the GHG emission. Natural gas is considered as green fuel due to the low carbon emission ratio as other fuels e.g. coal and oil. If Pakistan becomes successful in exploring and exploiting the indigenous untapped natural gas resources, that will eventually support in reducing the GHG emissions. This is only possible by making new natural gas reservoir discoveries. Discovering new gas reservoirs from unconventional resources is also very challenging and requires investment and modification in existing energy policies. In addition, the government should encourage the Exploration Production (EP) companies to exploit the hidden natural gas potential that will assist in both alleviating the energy deficit and reducing the GHG emission. The findings of the present study analysis have substantial implications regarding GHG mitigation, energy transition, and economic development.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44173086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Nutritional and Fatty Acid Profile of Human Milk Samples from District Malakand, Pakistan 巴基斯坦马拉坎德地区人乳样本的营养和脂肪酸分析
IF 0.6
Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry Pub Date : 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2020.12.28
M. Khan, Muhammad Adil, Kashmala Majid, Muhammad Kashif Gul, Zawar Hussain, I. Rahman, Muhammad Ishaq Khan
{"title":"Nutritional and Fatty Acid Profile of Human Milk Samples from District Malakand, Pakistan","authors":"M. Khan, Muhammad Adil, Kashmala Majid, Muhammad Kashif Gul, Zawar Hussain, I. Rahman, Muhammad Ishaq Khan","doi":"10.21743/pjaec/2020.12.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2020.12.28","url":null,"abstract":"Generally, breast milk is the first and complete diet for an infant. It has a pivotal role in determining the growth pattern of the kids. Breast milk has various nutritional ingredients and is a source of energy for the infants. It has a vital role in the development of the immune system. The composition of milk varies with the diet of the mother, environment, and time of feeding. The fatty acid profile and nutritional value of the breast milk of the Malakand district were determined. The fats and protein were determined using the recommended methods by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) and Ward method, respectively while the fatty acid profile was determined through GC-MS. Milk samples were analyzed for proximate composition and from the results the moisture content was 87.69%, ash 0.29%, fats 3.63%, protein 0.94%, and carbohydrate content ware 7.45%. The average fatty acid profiles of milk showed that it is composed of saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) with a concentration of 38.41%, 29.59%, and 14.70%, respectively. In general, both proximate and fatty acid profiles were found slightly different compared to the contents of breast milk in developed countries which may be due to the difference in diet, environment, and socioeconomic status of women in Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48772246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Coconut Shell Biochar for Removal of Cu(II) from Aqueous Solution 椰壳生物炭去除水溶液中的Cu(II)
IF 0.6
Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry Pub Date : 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.21743/pjaec/2020.12.30
R. Wahi, N. Hasana, Y. Yusof
{"title":"Coconut Shell Biochar for Removal of Cu(II) from Aqueous Solution","authors":"R. Wahi, N. Hasana, Y. Yusof","doi":"10.21743/pjaec/2020.12.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2020.12.30","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of coconut shell biochar (CSB) and acid-base modified coconut shell biochar (MCSB) for the removal of copper (Cu(II)) from aqueous solution is examined. The basic characteristics of CSB as well as MCSB such as proximate analysis, pH value, surface area, surface morphology and surface functional groups are investigated. The individual effect of initial concentration and contact time on the removal efficiency of Cu(II) by CSB and MCSB was determined using one variable at a time (OVAT) approach. In addition, the response surface methodology (RSM) approach is applied to determine the combined effects of variables (pH, contact time and particle size) on the removal efficiency of Cu(II) ion. The RSM results for the MCSB showed that Cu(II) maximum removal efficiency is 99.50% at pH 7, contact time of 60 min, and particle size of 0.60 mm, respectively. It can be concluded that MCSB has greater potential than CSB to be utilized as an adsorbent for Cu(II) removal in water bodies.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47330758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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