Perception & Psychophysics最新文献_第2页

The role of closure in defining the "objects" of object-based attention. 闭包在定义基于对象的注意的“对象”中的作用。

Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2004-06-01 DOI: 10.1167/4.8.270

Alexandria C. Marino, B. Scholl

{"title":"The role of closure in defining the \"objects\" of object-based attention.","authors":"Alexandria C. Marino, B. Scholl","doi":"10.1167/4.8.270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/4.8.270","url":null,"abstract":"Many recent studies have concluded that the underlying units of visual attention are often discrete objects whose boundaries constrain the allocation of attention. However, relatively few studies have explored the particular stimulus cues that determine what counts as an \"object\" of attention. We explore this issue in the context of the two-rectangles stimuli previously used by many investigators. We first show, using both spatial-cuing and divided-attention paradigms, that same-object advantages occur even when the ends of the two rectangles are not drawn. This is consistent with previous reports that have emphasized the importance of individual contours in guiding attention, and our study shows that such effects can occur in displays that also contain grouping cues. In our divided-attention experiment, however, this contour-driven same-object advantage was significantly weaker than that obtained with the standard stimulus, with the added cue of closure--demonstrating that contour-based processes are not the whole story. These results confirm and extend the observation that same-object advantages can be observed even without full-fledged objects. At the same time, however, these studies show that boundary closure-one of the most important cues to objecthood per se-can directly influence attention. We conclude that object-based attention is not an all-or-nothing phenomenon; object-based effects can be independently strengthened or weakened by multiple cues to objecthood.","PeriodicalId":19838,"journal":{"name":"Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"27 1","pages":"1140-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80621892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 69

Contextual influences on the internal structure of phonetic categories: a distinction between lexical status and speaking rate. 语境对语音范畴内部结构的影响:词汇地位和语速的区别。

Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 1999-08-30 DOI: 10.1121/1.427642

J. Allen, Joanne L. Miller

引用次数: 39

The representation of auditory source characteristics: simple geometric form. 声源特征的表示:简单的几何形式。

Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 1996-10-01 DOI: 10.1121/1.416150

Stephen Lakatos, Stephen McAdams, René Causse

{"title":"The representation of auditory source characteristics: simple geometric form.","authors":"Stephen Lakatos, Stephen McAdams, René Causse","doi":"10.1121/1.416150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.416150","url":null,"abstract":"Two experiments examined listeners' ability to discriminate the geometric shape of simple resonating bodies on the basis of their corresponding auditory attributes. In cross-modal matching tasks, subjects listened to recordings of pairs of metal bars (Experiment 1) or wooden bars (Experiment 2) struck in sequence and then selected a visual depiction of the bar cross sections that correctly represented their relative widths and heights from two opposing pairs presented on a computer screen. Multidimensional scaling solutions derived from matching scores for metal and wooden bars indicated that subjects' performance varied directly with increasing differences in the width/height (W/H) ratios of both sets of bars. Subsequent acoustic analyses revealed that the frequency components from torsional vibrational modes and the ratios of frequencies of transverse bending modes in the bars correlated strongly with both the bars' W/H ratios and bar coordinates in the multidimensional configurations. The results suggest that listeners can encode the auditory properties of sound sources by extracting certain invariant physical characteristics of their gross geometric properties from their acoustic behavior.","PeriodicalId":19838,"journal":{"name":"Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"29 1","pages":"1180-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80038125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 114

Distinctiveness and serial position effects in tonal sequences 音调序列的显著性和序列位置效应

Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 1996-04-01 DOI: 10.1121/1.415043

A. Surprenant

{"title":"Distinctiveness and serial position effects in tonal sequences","authors":"A. Surprenant","doi":"10.1121/1.415043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.415043","url":null,"abstract":"The proportion-of-the-total-duration rule (Kidd & Watson, 1992) states that the detectability of a change in a component of a tonal sequence can be predicted by the proportional duration of the changed component relative to the length of the sequence as a whole. A similar viewpoint relies on temporal distinctiveness to account for primacy, recency, and other serial position effects in memory (Murdock, 1960; Neath, 1993a, 1993b). Such distinctiveness models predict that an item will be remembered if it is more distinctive along some dimension relative to possible competitors. Three experiments explored the relation between distinctiveness and proportional duration by examining the effects of the proportion of the total duration of a tone in a sequence, serial position, and interstimulus interval (ISI) on the detection of a change in one component of a tonal sequence. Experiment 1 replicated the basic effect with relatively untrained subjects and a fixed frequency difference. Experiment 2 showed that distinctiveness holds for tonal sequences and a same/different task. Experiment 3 combined the two to show that proportional duration, ISI, and position of the changed tone all contribute to discrimination performance. The present research combines theories that have been proposed in the psychophysics and memory fields and suggests that a comprehensive principle based on relative distinctiveness may be able to account for both perceptual and memory effects.","PeriodicalId":19838,"journal":{"name":"Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"97 1","pages":"737-745"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77958220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

Perception of musical tension in short chord sequences: the influence of harmonic function, sensory dissonance, horizontal motion, and musical training. 短和弦序列中音乐张力的感知:和声功能、感觉不协调、水平运动和音乐训练的影响。

Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 1996-01-01

E Bigand, R Parncutt, F Lerdahl

引用次数: 0

Locus equations as phonetic descriptors of consonantal place of articulation. 作为辅音发音位置语音描述符的轨迹方程。

Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 1995-11-01 DOI: 10.1121/1.414302

H. Sussman, J. Shore

引用次数: 44

The cocktail party effect in infants. 婴儿的鸡尾酒会效应。

Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 1995-05-01 DOI: 10.1121/1.412966

P. Jusczyk, Rochelle S. Newman

{"title":"The cocktail party effect in infants.","authors":"P. Jusczyk, Rochelle S. Newman","doi":"10.1121/1.412966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.412966","url":null,"abstract":"Most speech research with infants occurs in quiet laboratory rooms with no outside distractions. However, in the real world, speech directed to infants often occurs in the presence of other competing acoustic signals. To learn language, infants need to attend to their caregiver's speech even under less than ideal listening conditions. We examined 7.5-month-old infants' abilities to selectively attend to a female talker's voice when a male voice was talking simultaneously. In three experiments, infants heard a target voice repeating isolated words while a distractor voice spoke fluently at one of three different intensities. Subsequently, infants heard passages produced by the target voice containing either the familiar words or novel words. Infants listened longer to the familiar words when the target voice was 10 dB or 5 dB more intense than the distractor, but not when the two voices were equally intense. In a fourth experiment, the assignment of words and passages to the familiarization and testing phases was reversed so that the passages and distractors were presented simultaneously during familiarization, and the infants were tested on the familiar and unfamiliar isolated words. During familiarization, the passages were 10 dB more intense than the distractors. The results suggest that this may be at the limits of what infants at this age can do in separating two different streams of speech. In conclusion, infants have some capacity to extract information from speech even in the face of a competing acoustic voice.","PeriodicalId":19838,"journal":{"name":"Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"15 1","pages":"1145-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76254859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 39

The McGurk effect in infants. 婴儿的麦格克效应。

Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 1995-05-01 DOI: 10.1121/1.411551

J. Johnson, L. Rosenblum, M. Schmuckler

引用次数: 184

Spectral discontinuities and the vowel length effect 谱不连续性和元音长度效应

Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 1994-11-01 DOI: 10.1121/1.411163

A. Lotto, K. Kluender, K. Green

引用次数: 13

Evaluation of a dynamical model of speech perception. 语音感知的动态模型评价。

Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 1994-05-01 DOI: 10.1121/1.408981

Pamela Case, B. Tuller, M. Ding, J. Kelso

{"title":"Evaluation of a dynamical model of speech perception.","authors":"Pamela Case, B. Tuller, M. Ding, J. Kelso","doi":"10.1121/1.408981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.408981","url":null,"abstract":"Previous work (Tuller, Case, Ding, & Kelso, 1994) has revealed signature properties of nonlinear dynamical systems in how people categorize speech sounds. The data were modeled by using a two-well potential function that deformed with stimulus properties and was sensitive to context. Here we evaluate one prediction of the model--namely, that the rate of change of the potential's slope should increase when the category is repeatedly perceived. Judged goodness of category membership was used as an index of the slope of the potential. Stimuli from a \"say\"-\"stay\" continuum were presented with gap duration changing sequentially throughout the range from 0 to 76 to 0 msec, or from 76 to 0 to 76 msec. Subjects identified each token as either \"say\" or \"stay\" and rated how good an exemplar it was of the identified category. As predicted, the same physical stimulus presented at the end of a sequence was judged a better exemplar of the category than was the identical stimulus presented at the beginning of the sequence. In contrast, stimuli presented twice near the middle of a sequence with few (or no) stimuli between them, as well as stimuli presented with an intervening random set, showed no such differences. These results confirm the hypothesis of a context-sensitive dynamical representation underlying speech.","PeriodicalId":19838,"journal":{"name":"Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"12 1","pages":"977-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78045760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24