{"title":"On loudness enhancement of a tone burst by a preceding tone burst","authors":"J. J. Zwlslocki, W. G. Sokolich","doi":"10.1121/1.1981899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1981899","url":null,"abstract":"The loudness level of a second tone burst in a monotic burst pair is investigated as a function of the intensity and frequency of the first burst relative to the corresponding variables of the second burst and as a function of the interburst time interval. The loudness level is measured with the help of a third, comparison burst whose frequency is the same as that of the second burst. The results, in connection with preceding results, show beyond any reasonable doubt that loudness effects in pairs of sound bursts are controlled by two perceptual processes: loudness enhancement and loudness summation. The first refers to the loudness of the second burst, the second, to the overall loudness of the burst pair. The time and frequency functions of the two processes are fundamentally different.","PeriodicalId":19838,"journal":{"name":"Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"42 1","pages":"87-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1972-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84859890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Temporally segmented speech","authors":"A. W. F. Huggins","doi":"10.1121/1.1982105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1982105","url":null,"abstract":"Temporally segmented speech is continuous speech broken up by the insertion of silent intervals. The durations of the resulting speech intervals and silent intervals can be varied independently. When silent intervals are held constant at 200 msec, and speech interval duration is varied, intelligibility falls from about 90% to about 10% as speech interval duration is reduced from 200 to 30 msec. When speech interval duration is held constant at 63 msec, and silent interval duration is varied, intelligibility recovers from its asymptotic value of about 50% with long silent intervals, to 100% as the silent intervals are shortened from about 120 msec to about 60 msec. Implications for short-term acoustic storage are discussed.","PeriodicalId":19838,"journal":{"name":"Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"95 1","pages":"149-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1972-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78532508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pure-tone equal-loudness contours for standard tones of different frequencies","authors":"J. Molino","doi":"10.1121/1.1977688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1977688","url":null,"abstract":"Six Ss made judgments of equal loudness by adjusting the intensity of comparison tones of 10 different frequencies. The comparison tones were presented diotically alternately with standaxd tones. Each standard tone remained fixed at one frequency (125, 1,000, or 8,000 Hz) and one intensity (10, 20, 40, or 70 dB sensation level)while collecting the data for any single equal-loudness contour. In this manner, families of equal-loudness contours were generated for each of the three standard frequencies. The contours for the 1,000-Hz standard were compared with those in the literature. The families of contours for the 125- and 8,000-Hz standards, determined by the same algorithm, differed in the spacing of the contours from the 1,000-Hz standard family as well as from each other. Implications for the reflexive, symmetric, and transitive properties of the equal-loudness relation axe discussed.","PeriodicalId":19838,"journal":{"name":"Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82162176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Binaural interaction in backward masking","authors":"T. Dolan, C. Trahiotis","doi":"10.1121/1.1974594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1974594","url":null,"abstract":"The binaural auditory system exhibits certain advantages over the monaural system when detecting a tonal signal in a background of masking noise. These advantages have been described in detail and are referred to as masking-level differences, or MLDs. It has been demonstrated, for example, that performance in detecting a tonal signal that has been reversed in phase at one ear relative to the other ear is about 15–17 dB better than detection of the same signal in-phase at the two ears when masked by moderately intense masking noise that is in-phase at the two ears. The explanations for this phenomenon fall into two general categories, and both types of explanations are based upon the interaction of the tonal signal and masker when they are added together. In the present paper, data are presented which indicate that an MLD of at least 4–5 dB can be obtained in a binaural masking experiment in which the offset of the tonal signal precedes the onset of the noise masker.","PeriodicalId":19838,"journal":{"name":"Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"101 1","pages":"92-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75999855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Two operations In character recognition: A partial replication","authors":"Gerald W. Bracey","doi":"10.1002/J.2333-8504.1968.TB00714.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/J.2333-8504.1968.TB00714.X","url":null,"abstract":"Subjects carried out a choice reaction time experiment in which they were required to press one lever ifa tachistoscopically flashed numeral was a member of a previously memorized list of numerals and a second lever if it was not a member of the list. The number of numerals in the list was varied from one to four. On half of the trials the numeral was partially masked by a pattern of visual noise. For one group a single fixed pattern of noise was used; for a second group four patterns presented in random order were used. Reaction time from the onset of the numeral to the lever press was found to be a linear function of list size, confirming Sternberg’s hypothesis that the list is scanned serially to determine a match. Partial masking was found to add a constant increment to reaction time for both groups, independent of set size. The increment was equal for both groups. The constancy of the reaction time increase contradicts Sternberg’s results in which the increment was found to be, in part, a function of list size. The results of the present study indicate that one cannot dismiss the possibility that Ss identify the character to the point of labeling prior to an attempt to determine list membership.","PeriodicalId":19838,"journal":{"name":"Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"86 1","pages":"357-360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1968-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84010704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lateralization of an auditory signal in correlated noise and in uncorrelated noise as a function of signal frequency","authors":"D. E. Robinson, J. P. Egan","doi":"10.1121/1.2144052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2144052","url":null,"abstract":"Listeners lateralized a monaural signal presented against a continuous background of perfectly correlated noise (NO) or of uncorrelated noise (NU). Measures of signal detectability were also secured in separate tests. Psychometric functions (percent correct vs signal energy) were determined for each task. For a tonal signal of either low or high frequency, a listener requires only slightly greater signal energy (about 1 dB) in order to lateralize as well as he can detect when the noise is uncorrelated (NU). When the noise is perfectly correlated (NO), the slope of the psychometric function for lateralization depends upon signal frequency. With 250 Hz, the slope of the psychometric function for lateralization is much smaller than that for detection. With 1,000 Hz, the function for lateralization is steeper than that for 250 Hz, but the slope is still less than that of the function for detection for 1,000 Hz. With 2,000 Hz, the function for lateralization has about the same slope as that for detection.","PeriodicalId":19838,"journal":{"name":"Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"14 1","pages":"281-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72997122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Announcements from the Editor","authors":"J. H. Comroe","doi":"10.1161/01.RES.21.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.21.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19838,"journal":{"name":"Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"49 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82618687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Operating characteristics and a priori probability of the signal","authors":"A. Schulman, G. Greenberg","doi":"10.1121/1.1935214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1935214","url":null,"abstract":"Two experiments in auditory signal detection produced changes in the operating characteristic as the a priori probability of signal occurrence, p(SN), was varied. The signal was a sinusoid of 1,000 Hz presented for 250 msec against a continuous background of noise. In Experiment 1 three values of p(SN)—0.25, 0.50, and 0.75—were paired with each of three signal intensities. In Experiment 2 the signal intensity was fixed and p(SN) was assigned values of 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 0.90. On normal-normal coordinates, operating characteristics were fitted to the points obtained from the 4-point rating scale used by the listeners. Such operating characteristics may be specified by two parameters: ds, an index of detectability related to d’, and m, its slope. While ds was found to be independent ofp(SN), m was found to be a joint function of p(SN) and signal intensity. These results are discussed against the background of the theory of signal detectability.","PeriodicalId":19838,"journal":{"name":"Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"1 1","pages":"317-320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1960-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80543454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}