Peanut Science最新文献_第2页

Peanut Response to Simulated Carryover of Terbacil 花生对Terbacil模拟携带的反应

Peanut Science Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.3146/0095-3679-492-ps22-5

O. W. Carter, T. M. Randell-Singleton, E. Prostko

{"title":"Peanut Response to Simulated Carryover of Terbacil","authors":"O. W. Carter, T. M. Randell-Singleton, E. Prostko","doi":"10.3146/0095-3679-492-ps22-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3146/0095-3679-492-ps22-5","url":null,"abstract":"Current label restrictions prohibit the planting of peanut for two years after an application of terbacil in watermelons. Thus, research was conducted from 2016-2018 to determine peanut response to terbacil with the ultimate goal of reducing the current rotation restriction. Small-plot replicated field trials were conducted near Ty Ty, Georgia. Terbacil was applied preemergence (PRE) to peanut (cv. Georgia-06G) at the following rates: 28, 56, 112, and 224 g ai/ha. Terbacil use rates in watermelon range from 112 to 224 g ai/ha. A non-treated control (NTC) or 0 g ai/ha rate was included for comparison. Peanut density/stand was not reduced by any rate of terbacil. With the exception of the 56 g ai/ha rate at 28 days after planting (DAP), the only rates of terbacil that caused significant visual peanut injury were the 112 g ai/ha and 224 g ai/ha rates. Injury at these rates ranged between 12% and 81%. The 224 g ai/ha rate caused more peanut injury than the 112 g ai/ha rate. The injury caused by terbacil at 112 g ai/ha and 224 g ai/ha resulted in significant peanut yield losses of 28% and 70%, respectively. Peanut yield losses from terbacil were only observed from the typical range of watermelon field use rates. Consequently, these results suggest that peanut could be safely planted following terbacil after approximately two field half-lives or approximately 240 d have occurred.","PeriodicalId":19823,"journal":{"name":"Peanut Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75660967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diversity of Ultraviolet Reflection Pattern in Arachis Flowers 花生花紫外反射模式的多样性

Peanut Science Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.3146/0095-3679-492-ps22-1

C. Levinson, Y. Chu, S. Leal-Bertioli, H. T. Stalker, C. Holbrook, D. Gao, P. Ozias‐Akins

{"title":"Diversity of Ultraviolet Reflection Pattern in Arachis Flowers","authors":"C. Levinson, Y. Chu, S. Leal-Bertioli, H. T. Stalker, C. Holbrook, D. Gao, P. Ozias‐Akins","doi":"10.3146/0095-3679-492-ps22-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3146/0095-3679-492-ps22-1","url":null,"abstract":"Over a third of global agriculture is dependent on insect pollination, especially by bees. Yields of insect-pollinated crops are often managed by the addition of honeybees (Apis mellifera) to increase pollination, yet wild bee species (Bombus spp.) also increase pollination and fruit set for many globally important crops. Plant biodiversity within and surrounding crop fields can attract wild bee species and increase pollination in those fields. Peanut is an important global food crop known to attract honeybee and wild bee pollinators despite being self-pollinating and not reliant on bee pollination for seed set. Some wild Arachis species derived breeding materials have been documented to have early flowering, high flowering throughout the growing season, and large flowers as compared to cultivated peanut, which can increase attractiveness to bees. However, the presence and diversity of UV floral guides, color and UV absorbance and reflectance flower patterns that aid in flower detection and orientation towards nectar and/or pollen, have not been studied in Arachis. This study documents the presence and diversity of UV floral guides in two A. hypogaea genotypes, two peanut breeding lines, eight wild Arachis species, 19 unique allotetraploids, and four BC1F3 lines. All Arachis genotypes studied had UV floral guides and genotype was a significant indicator of flower size and UV floral guide size. Further studies evaluating the nutritional quality and abundance of pollen in Arachis species are needed to better understand the impact of ornamental Arachis species and peanut cultivars on wild bee abundance and diversity in urban landscapes and in agricultural fields, respectively.","PeriodicalId":19823,"journal":{"name":"Peanut Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88320236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Peanut Science Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.3146/0095-3679-492-ps22-14

J. Abogoom, R. Akromah, R. Aidoo, Emil Awuah, J. Asibuo, D. Hoisington, Deovina N. Jordan

{"title":"Genetic Similarity from Collections of Seed for Two Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivars in Ghana","authors":"J. Abogoom, R. Akromah, R. Aidoo, Emil Awuah, J. Asibuo, D. Hoisington, Deovina N. Jordan","doi":"10.3146/0095-3679-492-ps22-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3146/0095-3679-492-ps22-14","url":null,"abstract":"Maintenance of genetic purity of crop cultivars is critical to meet the needs of farmers, processors, and consumers. In Ghana where the informal seed sector is popular (e. g., farmer-saved seed), purity of improved cultivars in the farming community can be compromised. The objective of the study was to assess the genetic purity of farmer-saved seed of two peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars (Shitaochi and Yenyawoso) using molecular marker techniques. Twenty samples of Shitaochi and eight samples of Yenyawoso were collected from farmers across five regions of the country and were compared with seed provided by the research institutes of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). Genetic similarity ranged from 43% to 100% when comparing seed collections from farmers to those from research institutes. Only five of the 20 seed samples of Shitaochi (25%) and two of the 8 samples of Yenyawoso (25%) collected from farmers were found to be completely similar to the reference samples provided by CSIR. These results demonstrate the lack of purity among described cultivars in the informal seed sector in Ghana. While diversity between samples of Shitaochi have been reported and would be expected in the informal seed system, the pace at which Yenyawoso has lost genetic purity in a relatively short period of time indicates that a more effective formal seed system is needed to maintain cultivar purity.","PeriodicalId":19823,"journal":{"name":"Peanut Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74857897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Quality of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Seed in Ghana from Three Seed Sources 花生(arachhis hypogaea L.)品质评价加纳的种子来自三个种子来源

Peanut Science Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.3146/0095-3679-492-ps22-11

J. Abogoom, R. Akromah, R. Aidoo, Emil Awuah, Deovina N. Jordan

{"title":"Evaluation of Quality of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Seed in Ghana from Three Seed Sources","authors":"J. Abogoom, R. Akromah, R. Aidoo, Emil Awuah, Deovina N. Jordan","doi":"10.3146/0095-3679-492-ps22-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3146/0095-3679-492-ps22-11","url":null,"abstract":"Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) contributes to food security and reduction of poverty in Ghana. However, low yields minimize the potential financial returnof peanut in part because of limited access by farmers to high quality seed. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of peanut seed saved by farmers, seed purchased from local markets, and seed received from public research institutions. Forty-six, forty-five, and nine seed samples were collected from these respective sources in 2019 during the planting season across the five regions in Ghana. Uniformity of phenotypes from seed samples was at least 96% for all sources with the greatest uniformity observed for plants derived from seed collected from research institutions. Field emergence was greatest for seed collected from research institutions followed by farmer-saved seed and then seed collected from local markets. However, field emergence did not exceed 53% of seed planted regardless of seed source. Nine fungal species were identified on peanut seeds, with Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, and Curvularia lunata being the most prevalent. However, differences among seed sources were noted only for A. niger and A. tamarii.","PeriodicalId":19823,"journal":{"name":"Peanut Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80539658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preferences for Seed Quality and Cultivar Characteristics of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) by Farmers in Ghana 加纳农民对花生(arachhis hypogaea)种子质量和品种特性的偏好

Peanut Science Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.3146/0095-3679-492-ps22-9

J. Abogoom, R. Aidoo, R. Akromah, Emil Awuah, D. Jordan

引用次数: 0

Inheritance of Mid-Oleic Fatty Acid Ratio Seed Trait in Peanut 花生中油酸比种子性状的遗传

Peanut Science Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.3146/0095-3679-492-ps22-6

W. D. Branch, N. Brown, M.A. Perrera

引用次数: 0

Response to Drought Stress in a Subset of the U.S. Peanut Mini-core Evaluated in Oklahoma, Texas, and Virginia 在俄克拉何马州、德克萨斯州和维吉尼亚州评估美国花生小核对干旱胁迫的反应

Peanut Science Pub Date : 2022-06-06 DOI: 10.3146/0095-3679-491-ps21-14

R. Bennett, M. Burow, M. Balota, J. Chagoya, S. Sarkar, Cheng-Jung Sung, M. Payton, N. Wang, P. Payton, K. Chamberlin, D. Mornhinweg

{"title":"Response to Drought Stress in a Subset of the U.S. Peanut Mini-core Evaluated in Oklahoma, Texas, and Virginia","authors":"R. Bennett, M. Burow, M. Balota, J. Chagoya, S. Sarkar, Cheng-Jung Sung, M. Payton, N. Wang, P. Payton, K. Chamberlin, D. Mornhinweg","doi":"10.3146/0095-3679-491-ps21-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3146/0095-3679-491-ps21-14","url":null,"abstract":"In many parts of the world, limited water and climate change are significant challenges to the future of peanut production, and much work remains in developing heat- and drought-tolerant cultivars. To this end, we evaluated 21 accessions of the U.S. peanut mini-core under water-limited conditions in 2018 and 2019 in Oklahoma, Texas, and Virginia. These accessions were identified as potentially exhibiting phenotypic extremes for ten drought stress traits, and therefore may be useful for identifying genetic markers associated with drought tolerance. Results indicated that plant wilting and paraheliotropism (leaf folding) were less affected by genotype by environment interactions than SCMR (SPAD chlorophyll meter readings), flower counts, yield, TSMK (total sound mature kernels), and seed weight. No differences among genotypes were observed with canopy temperature, canopy temperature depression, or NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index). Paraheliotropism was moderately correlated (|r| = 0.40 to 0.52, P < 0.01) with SCMR and flower counts in the Southwest; SCMR was also correlated with yield and TSMK (r = 0.48, P < 0.01). Despite environmental differences between subhumid Virginia and the semiarid Southwest, the locations shared genotypes at the extremes for most traits. This information may be useful for future studies by highlighting traits associated with drought tolerance that may be more stable in different production environments, as well as divergent genotypes for those traits.","PeriodicalId":19823,"journal":{"name":"Peanut Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77172912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genotypic, Temporal, and Tissue-type Effects on the Incidence of Tomato spotted wilt virus in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) 基因型、时间型和组织型对花生侵染番茄斑点病的影响

Peanut Science Pub Date : 2022-06-06 DOI: 10.3146/0095-3679-491-ps21-8

Y. Tseng, B. Tillman, D. Rowland, N. Dufault, J. Wang

{"title":"Genotypic, Temporal, and Tissue-type Effects on the Incidence of Tomato spotted wilt virus in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)","authors":"Y. Tseng, B. Tillman, D. Rowland, N. Dufault, J. Wang","doi":"10.3146/0095-3679-491-ps21-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3146/0095-3679-491-ps21-8","url":null,"abstract":"Spotted wilt, caused by Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), is one of the major diseases affecting peanut production in the southeastern United States. Growers use integrated disease management to control spotted wilt; however, disease resistance of a cultivar is the most important factor for managing this disease. This research evaluated genotypic, temporal, and tissue-type effects on the incidence of TSWV on each of four peanut cultivars. Four different types of tissues (leaf, root crown, old leaf and young leaf) were collected from each of four peanut cultivars (Florida-EPTM ‘113’, Florida-07, Georgia Green and Georgia Valencia) at five time points during the growing season. Immunoassays were conducted to detect viral presence. The incidence of TSWV infection increased over time during the growing season. Root crown tissue had higher infection than other types of tissue. Florida-EPTM ‘113’ had the lowest infection incidence. Compared to Florida-EPTM ‘113’, Florida-07 was seven times more likely to be infected by TSWV, while Georgia Green and Georgia Valencia possessed even higher probability, 18 times and 21 times higher, respectively. Florida-EPTM ‘113’ had significantly reduced TSWV infection likely due to slowing movement of the virus throughout the plant.","PeriodicalId":19823,"journal":{"name":"Peanut Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79394413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seed Quality and Seedling Vigor in Peanut affected by Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus 番茄斑枯病毒对花生种子品质及幼苗活力的影响

Peanut Science Pub Date : 2022-06-06 DOI: 10.3146/0095-3679-491-ps21-16

L. Moreno, C. Pilon, T. Suassuna

{"title":"Seed Quality and Seedling Vigor in Peanut affected by Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus","authors":"L. Moreno, C. Pilon, T. Suassuna","doi":"10.3146/0095-3679-491-ps21-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3146/0095-3679-491-ps21-16","url":null,"abstract":"Germination and vigor are physiological components of seed quality that contribute to a successful plant emergence under a wide range of environmental conditions. Many biotic and abiotic factors can affect seed quality. Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) causes one of the most relevant problems in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), the tomato spotted wilt disease (TSW). Although TSW is not transmitted by seed, the presence of symptoms on the seed coat may impact seed quality and there is a lack of information on the effect of this disease on peanut seed quality. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of TSW symptoms on the seed coat on the physiological seed quality of peanut genotypes. Seeds from five peanut genotypes were separated into two symptomology groups, asymptomatic and symptomatic for TSW. Germination and vigor tests were performed on seeds and seedlings. Germination and normal seedling development were not affected by TSW. Radicle length and seedling weight were mainly impacted by genotype, with little effect from TSW. Vigor differences were likely more related to the given genotype innate susceptibility to TSW during seed formation than the actual presence of TSW symptoms on the seed coat. Overall, the presence of symptoms on the seed coat did not affect the seed physiological quality of peanut genotypes, except for the TSWV susceptible cultivar ‘SunOleic 97R’.","PeriodicalId":19823,"journal":{"name":"Peanut Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84788962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Peanut Cultivar Response to Diclosulam in the Southwest Peanut Growing Region 西南花生产区花生品种对双氯sulam的反应

Peanut Science Pub Date : 2022-06-06 DOI: 10.3146/0095-3679-491-ps21-17

W.J. W.J. Grichar, P. Dotray, T. Baughman

{"title":"Peanut Cultivar Response to Diclosulam in the Southwest Peanut Growing Region","authors":"W.J. W.J. Grichar, P. Dotray, T. Baughman","doi":"10.3146/0095-3679-491-ps21-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3146/0095-3679-491-ps21-17","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiments were conducted in the south Texas and Texas High Plains area during the 2018 through 2020 growing seasons and in southwestern Oklahoma in 2020 to evaluate runner peanut cultivars (Georgia-13M, Georgia-09B) and the Spanish cultivar (Ole´) tolerance to diclosulam at 0.026 (the manufacture’s recommended use rate) and 0.052 (twice the manufacture’s recommended use rate) kg ai/ha applied preemergence (PRE) or peanut cracking (CRACK). No diclosulam injury was noted in south Texas; however, in the Texas High Plains and Oklahoma locations significant stunting was noted with diclosulam applied PRE especially under sprinkler irrigation. In 2018 at the High Plains location, under furrow irrigation, no peanut stunting was noted. In 2019 and 2020, under sprinkler irrigation, diclosulam at 0.026 and 0.052 kg/ha applied PRE resulted in early-season stunting of 18 to 59% in both Oklahoma and the Texas High Plains. No late-season stunting was noted in Oklahoma; however, up to 20% stunting was still visible at the Texas High Plains location. No yield differences were noted in south Texas or the High Plains region in 2018 or 2020; however, in 2019 at the High Plains location, peanut yield decreased as diclosulam rate increased but application timing had no effect. At the Oklahoma location, application timing and rate effect were noted. Diclosulam applied PRE and the high rate of diclosulam reduced peanut yield. Issues still exist with diclosulam in the southwest peanut growing areas as seen previously in 2000 despite the different varieties planted. There may be opportunities to utilize diclosulam postemergence (POST) since peanut injury was 5% or less and yields were not reduced when applied CRACK.","PeriodicalId":19823,"journal":{"name":"Peanut Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79878634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0