Peanut Science最新文献_第10页

Irrigated and Non-Irrigated Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivar Response to Postemergence Paraquat Tank-Mixtures 灌溉和非灌溉花生(arachhis hypogaea L.)百草枯箱混剂对不同品种羽化后的响应

Peanut Science Pub Date : 2019-04-24 DOI: 10.3146/PS18-15.1

K. Eason, R. Tubbs, T. Grey, X. S. Li

{"title":"Irrigated and Non-Irrigated Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivar Response to Postemergence Paraquat Tank-Mixtures","authors":"K. Eason, R. Tubbs, T. Grey, X. S. Li","doi":"10.3146/PS18-15.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3146/PS18-15.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Paraquat postemergence (POST) applied is often used to control broadleaf and grass weed species in peanut in the Southeast US. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of POST herbicide tank-mixtures including paraquat on vegetation, yield, and grade for runner-type peanut cultivars under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. Two separate experiments (irrigated and non-irrigated) were conducted in 2016 and 2017 in Ty Ty and Plains Georgia. Georgia-06G, Georgia-14N, TUFRunner™ ‘511’, and FloRun™ ‘157’ cultivars were evaluated. Herbicide tank-mixtures included paraquat, paraquat plus acifluorfen plus bentazon, paraquat plus acifluorfen plus bentazon plus S-metolachlor, and paraquat plus acifluorfen plus bentazon plus acetochlor. Leaf burn, stunting injury, yield, and grade were evaluated. There were no interactions between herbicide and cultivar for all variables. Paraquat alone resulted in significantly greater foliar injury (3 DAT) than the other herbicide treatments for the irrigated (34 to 16%) and non-irrigated (28 to 15%) studies. Stunting for paraquat alone was noted at 15 and 35% for irrigated and non-irrigated, respectively. Similarly, in both studies, Georgia-06G and TUFRunner™ ‘511’ yielded 10 to 12% greater than Georgia-14N and FloRun™ ‘157’. Overall, the herbicide tank-mixtures did not have a negative effect on yield. With no interactions observed, these herbicide treatments can be used in conjunction with the given runner-type peanut cultivars in either irrigated or non-irrigated conditions without concern for excessive injury or decline in yield or grade.","PeriodicalId":19823,"journal":{"name":"Peanut Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75318963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Field evaluation and components of peanut rust resistance of newly developed breeding lines 花生新选育品系抗锈病田间评价及成分分析

Peanut Science Pub Date : 2019-04-24 DOI: 10.3146/PS18-4.1

I. Power, B. Tillman, T. Brenneman, R. Kemerait, K. Stevenson, A. Culbreath

{"title":"Field evaluation and components of peanut rust resistance of newly developed breeding lines","authors":"I. Power, B. Tillman, T. Brenneman, R. Kemerait, K. Stevenson, A. Culbreath","doi":"10.3146/PS18-4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3146/PS18-4.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Field, greenhouse, and growth chamber experiments were conducted to determine the level of resistance to Puccinia arachidis Speg. in newly developed breeding lines of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). These lines were developed in the UF150 project of the Peanut Collaborative Research and Support Program (Peanut CRSP) as part of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Field experiments were carried out in Citra, FL and Tifton, GA from 2010 to 2013. Five genotypes Tifrust-10 and Tifrust-13, and CRSP breeding lines PTBOL3-3, 97x36-HO2-1-B2G-3-1-2-2, and BOL3-7 had the lowest standardized area under the disease progress curve and final disease severity score for rust. The CRSP breeding lines 97x36-HO2-1-B2G-3-1-2-2 and BOL3-7 also appeared to be highly resistant to late leaf spot, caused by Cercosporidium personatum (Berk & M. A. Curtis Deighton). In growth chamber studies, genotypes with longer latent periods generally had lower infection frequencies at 7, 11, and 16 d after inoculation, and smaller percent diseased areas. Latent period and percent diseased area were significantly correlated with stAUDPC. CRSP breeding lines 97x36-HO2-1-B2G-3-1-2-2 and BOL3-7, and plant introductions PI562530, PI568164, and PI298115, were among the genotypes with the lower scores for these components. Several genotypes with multiple disease resistance in different environments and under high disease pressure were identified in these studies. These results indicate sources of rust resistance in the CRSP breeding lines, including several genotypes that could be used as parents in peanut germplasm enhancement programs, and indicate that latent period, percent diseased area, and lesion diameter may be used as indicators for rust resistance in growth chamber studies.","PeriodicalId":19823,"journal":{"name":"Peanut Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79800600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Effects of Compost Manure on Soil Microbial Respiration, Plant-Available-Water, Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Yield and Pre-Harvest Aflatoxin Contamination 堆肥对土壤微生物呼吸、植物有效水分、花生的影响产量和收获前黄曲霉毒素污染

Peanut Science Pub Date : 2019-04-24 DOI: 10.3146/PS18-6.1

Hendrix Muma Chalwe, O. Lungu, A. Mweetwa, E. Phiri, S. Njoroge, R. Brandenburg, D. Jordan

{"title":"Effects of Compost Manure on Soil Microbial Respiration, Plant-Available-Water, Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Yield and Pre-Harvest Aflatoxin Contamination","authors":"Hendrix Muma Chalwe, O. Lungu, A. Mweetwa, E. Phiri, S. Njoroge, R. Brandenburg, D. Jordan","doi":"10.3146/PS18-6.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3146/PS18-6.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Peanut production in Zambia is often characterized by low yields and high aflatoxin incidence in harvested kernels. Soil amendments such as farmyard manure have shown potential to increase yields and reduce pre-harvest aflatoxin incidence. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of composted cattle manure on soil properties that relate to yield and pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination of peanut kernels. Research evaluated the effects of composted cattle manure on soil respiration, plant-available water (PAW), peanut yield and pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination in a field experiment conducted in two successive rain-fed cropping seasons starting in December, 2015 and ending in April 2017, in Chongwe District, Zambia. Six (6) levels of compost were incorporated into the top 10 cm of the soil at rates of 0, 4.5, 12.0, 19.5, 27.0, and 34.5 metric tons/ha 1 wk before planting. There was a strong positive relationship between levels of compost and soil microbial respiration (R2=0.84) and PAW (R2=0.86). Secondly, compost manure was associated with increases in pod (R2=0.65) and kernel (R2=0.61) yield. The kernel yield potential of the planted cultivar was achieved at the rate of 12 metric tons per ha. Thirdly, there was a reduction in total aflatoxin levels with increasing levels of compost (R2=0.85). The improvement in peanut yield and the decrease in aflatoxin concentrations in kernels can be attributed to the improvement in soil moisture retention capacity and soil microbial activity arising from manure amendments. This study demonstrated the potential of compost manure to increase soil microbial activity, PAW, peanut yield and minimize aflatoxin contamination at field level.","PeriodicalId":19823,"journal":{"name":"Peanut Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81940810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Evaluation and Release of Two Peanut Cultivars: A Case Study of Partnerships in Ghana 两种花生品种的评价与发行:以加纳合作伙伴关系为例

Peanut Science Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.3146/PS18-16.1

M. Owusu-Akyaw, M. Mochiah, J. Asibuo, K. Osei, A. Ibrahim, G. B. Arku, J. Lamptey, A. Danyi, A. Oppong, J. Addo, M. Boateng, H. Adu-Dapaah, S. Addy, S. Amoah, S. Osei-Yeboah, M. Abudulai, N. Denwar, J. Naab, G. Mahama, R. Akroma, R. Brandenburg, J. Bailey, D. Jordan, T. Williams, D. Hoisington, J. Rhoads

{"title":"Evaluation and Release of Two Peanut Cultivars: A Case Study of Partnerships in Ghana","authors":"M. Owusu-Akyaw, M. Mochiah, J. Asibuo, K. Osei, A. Ibrahim, G. B. Arku, J. Lamptey, A. Danyi, A. Oppong, J. Addo, M. Boateng, H. Adu-Dapaah, S. Addy, S. Amoah, S. Osei-Yeboah, M. Abudulai, N. Denwar, J. Naab, G. Mahama, R. Akroma, R. Brandenburg, J. Bailey, D. Jordan, T. Williams, D. Hoisington, J. Rhoads","doi":"10.3146/PS18-16.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3146/PS18-16.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 New technologies combined with improved genetics and farmer access are important components required to improve productivity and efficiencies of cropping systems. The ability of the public and private sector to provide these components to farmers often vary considerably and can be challenging because of limited resource allocation and investment in institutions designed to provide these services. Partnerships among national programs where resources are limited and external entities can provide an effective platform to deliver improved cultivars and production and pest management practices that increase crop yield and economic viability of resource-poor farmers. In this note, we describe a partnership between the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Crops Research Institute (CSIR-CRI) in Ghana, the International Center for Research in the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), the US Agency for International Development Peanut Collaborative Research Support Program (USAID Peanut CRSP), the Feed the Future Innovation Lab on Peanut Productivity and Mycotoxin Control (PMIL), and North Carolina State University (NCSU) that resulted in the release of two ICRISAT-derived lines as cultivars to farmers in Ghana. The cultivars Otuhia (Arachis hypogaea L.) and Yenyawoso (Arachis hypogaea L.) were released by CSIR-CRI in 2012 following evaluations of breeding lines beginning in 1999. This case study provides insight into the research focus and timeline that occurred with this partnership during the research and development process. A portion of the data obtained to support release of these cultivars is provided.","PeriodicalId":19823,"journal":{"name":"Peanut Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89432852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Establishing Defoliation Thresholds for Insect Pest of Peanut in Mississippi 密西西比州花生害虫落叶阈值的建立

Peanut Science Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.3146/PS18-3.1

C. C. Abbott, J. Sarver, J. Gore, D. Cook, A. Catchot, R. A. Henn, L. Krutz

{"title":"Establishing Defoliation Thresholds for Insect Pest of Peanut in Mississippi","authors":"C. C. Abbott, J. Sarver, J. Gore, D. Cook, A. Catchot, R. A. Henn, L. Krutz","doi":"10.3146/PS18-3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3146/PS18-3.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Defoliation of peanut by foliage-feeding insects reduces photosynthetic capacity, and in turn, may reduce pod yield, particularly when canopy loss occurs at critical growth stages, i.e., 40 or 80 d after full plant emergence (DAE). The objective of this research was to determine the impact of peanut defoliation levels of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%, at 40 or 80 DAE on canopy height and width, plant biomass, pod grade and yield, and economic injury level. Research was conducted in Stoneville and Starkville MS in 2015 and 2016. The experimental design was a six (defoliation level) by two (defoliation timing) factorial arranged in a randomized complete block. Up to four wk after defoliation, canopy height, canopy width, and plant biomass were negatively correlated with defoliation level regardless of defoliation timing (40 and 80 DAE). Neither defoliation level nor timing had an effect on peanut grade or maturity. Similarly, defoliation at 40 DAE did not affect pod yield but when damage occurred 80 DAE, pod yield was reduced 18.6 kg/ha for every 1% increase in defoliation. Considering average crop value and insect control costs, the economic injury for peanut defoliation at 80 DAE is 5% defoliation. These data indicate that control of canopy-feeding insects is only economically viable when defoliation exceeds 5% defoliation at 80 DAE.","PeriodicalId":19823,"journal":{"name":"Peanut Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79131585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

A Review of Weed Management Challenges in Organic Peanut Production 有机花生生产中杂草管理挑战综述

Peanut Science Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.3146/PS18-12.1

W. C. Johnson

{"title":"A Review of Weed Management Challenges in Organic Peanut Production","authors":"W. C. Johnson","doi":"10.3146/PS18-12.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3146/PS18-12.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Organic peanut production is a high-risk cropping system, largely due to difficulties in managing weeds using methods acceptable for certified-organic production. In contrast with conventional peanut production that relies heavily on synthetic herbicides, organic peanut production must use an integrated system to manage weeds. The foundation for an integrated weed management system is cultural weed control which is a system of production practices that promote uniform peanut growth to suppress weeds. Cultural weed control includes practices that promote vigorous early-season peanut growth and lessen chances for weed escapes. Mechanical weed control is based on repeated cultivation using a tine weeder and sweep cultivator to control weeds before they emerge. However, weed control consistency from cultivation is affected by rainfall that can delay scheduled cultivations and hinder implement function. Handweeding is also a form of mechanical weed control that is used to supplement other weed control efforts by controlling escapes. Herbicides derived from natural products and thermal weed control using propane flaming have limited value in organic peanut production due to limited weed control spectra, specifically poor control of annual grasses and perennial weeds. Successful weed management in certified organic peanut production will depend on an integrated system, not a single form of weed control.","PeriodicalId":19823,"journal":{"name":"Peanut Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78321817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Utilization of Imidacloprid to Control Thrips in Peanut in North Carolina 吡虫啉防治北卡罗来纳州花生田蓟马的应用

Peanut Science Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.3146/PS18-11.1

R. Brandenburg, D. Jordan, B. Royals, D. J. Mahoney, P. D. Johnson

{"title":"Utilization of Imidacloprid to Control Thrips in Peanut in North Carolina","authors":"R. Brandenburg, D. Jordan, B. Royals, D. J. Mahoney, P. D. Johnson","doi":"10.3146/PS18-11.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3146/PS18-11.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca Hinds) is an important pest in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in North Carolina and injury from this insect can lower yield. Research was conducted from 2012 through 2014 in North Carolina to compare visible injury from tobacco thrips feeding and peanut yield when acephate, imidacloprid, and phorate were applied alone in the seed furrow at planting or followed by acephate applied postemergence 3 weeks after planting. In a second experiment conducted during the same time period, a commercial liquid formulation of Bradyrhizobia inoculant was applied alone or with imidacloprid in fields with and without plantings of peanut in recent years. Peanut injury from tobacco thrips feeding was reduced by acephate, imidacloprid, and phorate applied in the seed furrow at planting compared with non-treated peanut. Acephate applied 3 weeks after planting generally reduced injury from thrips. Pod yield was greater when imidacloprid was applied compared with yield for the non-treated control or when acephate was applied in the seed furrow. Pod yield was similar regardless of in-furrow treatment when acephate was applied postemergence. Thrips control by imidacloprid was not affected by Bradyrhizobia inoculant, and imidacloprid did not negatively affect efficacy of Bradyrhizobia inoculant regardless of previous field history. These data indicate that imidacloprid protects peanut as well as or more effectively than the systemic insecticides acephate and phorate and that imidacloprid is compatible with Bradyrhizobia inoculant.","PeriodicalId":19823,"journal":{"name":"Peanut Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75551926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Influence of Planting Date, Fungicide Seed Treatment, and Phorate on Peanut in North Carolina 播期、杀菌剂、种子处理和磷酸盐对北卡罗莱纳州花生产量的影响

Peanut Science Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.3146/PS18-10.1

D. J. Mahoney, D. Jordan, R. Brandenburg, B. Shew, B. R. Royals, M. Inman, Andrew T. Hare

{"title":"Influence of Planting Date, Fungicide Seed Treatment, and Phorate on Peanut in North Carolina","authors":"D. J. Mahoney, D. Jordan, R. Brandenburg, B. Shew, B. R. Royals, M. Inman, Andrew T. Hare","doi":"10.3146/PS18-10.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3146/PS18-10.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Establishing an adequate stand of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and minimizing the negative impact of tobacco thrips [Frankliniella fusca (Hinds)] is important for maximizing yield in both organic and conventional production systems. The incidence, severity, and impact of soil borne pathogens and thrips populations on peanut may be influenced by planting date, fungicide seed treatment, and/or systemic insecticide application. However, the interaction of these management techniques has not been investigated in North Carolina with Virginia market type cultivars to date. As such, research was conducted over four years in North Carolina to determine peanut stand, injury caused by tobacco thrips feeding, and pod yield as influenced by planting date (early, mid-, and late-May), fungicide seed treatment, and phorate applied in the seed furrow at planting. Peanut stand increased when planting fungicide-treated seed compared to non-treated seed, although the magnitude of this effect lessened with later May plantings. Regardless of phorate treatment, less thrips injury was noted when peanut was planted in mid- or late-May compared with early May in three of four years. Yet the addition of phorate in-furrow further reduced thrips injury at every planting date. Peanut yield increased 75% and 50% of the time when seed was treated with fungicide and phorate was applied in the seed furrow at planting, respectively. Yield was generally greater when peanut was planted in mid-May and late-May compared to planting in early May irrespective of fungicide seed treatment or phorate treatment. Peanut stand was negatively and positively correlated with observed thrips injury and peanut yield, respectively. Additionally, peanut yield was negatively correlated to thrips injury. These data suggest that conventional producers should utilize treated seed and phorate in-furrow for thrips management regardless of planting date and that organic producers should plant in late May to minimize negative impacts of thrips and soil borne pathogens.","PeriodicalId":19823,"journal":{"name":"Peanut Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87907108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Plant density and peanut crop yield (Arachis hypogaea) in the peanut growing region of Córdoba (Argentina) 阿根廷Córdoba花生种植区花生(Arachis hypogaea)种植密度与产量

Peanut Science Pub Date : 2018-10-02 DOI: 10.3146/0095-3679-45.2.82

F. Morla, O. Giayetto, E. Fernández, G. Cerioni, Cecilia Cerliani

引用次数: 13

Weed Control and Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Response to Acetochlor Alone and in Combination with Various Herbicides 杂草防治与花生(arachhis hypogaea L.)对乙草胺单用及与多种除草剂联用的反应

Peanut Science Pub Date : 2018-07-05 DOI: 10.3146/PS17-19.1

S. Chaudhari, D. Jordan, T. Grey, E. Prostko, Katherine M. Jennings

引用次数: 3