密西西比州花生害虫落叶阈值的建立

Peanut Science Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI:10.3146/PS18-3.1
C. C. Abbott, J. Sarver, J. Gore, D. Cook, A. Catchot, R. A. Henn, L. Krutz
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引用次数: 3

摘要

食叶昆虫对花生的脱叶会降低光合能力,进而可能降低豆荚产量,特别是在关键生长阶段,即植株完全出苗后40或80 d发生冠层损失时。本研究旨在确定40或80 DAE下0、20、40、60、80和100%花生脱叶水平对冠层高度和宽度、植株生物量、荚果等级和产量以及经济伤害程度的影响。研究于2015年和2016年在斯通维尔和斯塔克维尔MS进行。实验设计是一个6(落叶水平)乘2(落叶时间)的因子,在一个随机完全块中排列。在落叶后4周内,无论落叶时间(40和80 DAE)如何,冠层高度、冠层宽度和植物生物量与落叶水平呈负相关。落叶水平和时间对花生的等级和成熟度都没有影响。同样,40 DAE时的落叶对豆荚产量没有影响,但80 DAE时,每增加1%的落叶,豆荚产量就会减少18.6 kg/ha。综合考虑作物平均产值和防虫成本,80 DAE时花生落叶的经济损失率为5%。这些数据表明,只有当80 DAE的落叶量超过5%时,控制冠层取食昆虫才具有经济可行性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Establishing Defoliation Thresholds for Insect Pest of Peanut in Mississippi
Defoliation of peanut by foliage-feeding insects reduces photosynthetic capacity, and in turn, may reduce pod yield, particularly when canopy loss occurs at critical growth stages, i.e., 40 or 80 d after full plant emergence (DAE). The objective of this research was to determine the impact of peanut defoliation levels of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%, at 40 or 80 DAE on canopy height and width, plant biomass, pod grade and yield, and economic injury level. Research was conducted in Stoneville and Starkville MS in 2015 and 2016. The experimental design was a six (defoliation level) by two (defoliation timing) factorial arranged in a randomized complete block. Up to four wk after defoliation, canopy height, canopy width, and plant biomass were negatively correlated with defoliation level regardless of defoliation timing (40 and 80 DAE). Neither defoliation level nor timing had an effect on peanut grade or maturity. Similarly, defoliation at 40 DAE did not affect pod yield but when damage occurred 80 DAE, pod yield was reduced 18.6 kg/ha for every 1% increase in defoliation. Considering average crop value and insect control costs, the economic injury for peanut defoliation at 80 DAE is 5% defoliation. These data indicate that control of canopy-feeding insects is only economically viable when defoliation exceeds 5% defoliation at 80 DAE.
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