Pediatric Blood & Cancer最新文献

{"title":"Research Progress on Chemokine Signaling Pathways in Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia.","authors":"Dan Li, Wei Zhong, Weiying Feng, Li Hong, Feidan Gao, Jing Jin, Yang Zhou, Pan Hong","doi":"10.1002/pbc.31954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.31954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an immune-mediated thrombocytopenic disorder with still insufficiently clear pathogenesis. The chemokine-chemokine receptor axis plays a crucial regulatory role in the immune system, and there is increasing evidence indicating its involvement in the onset and progression of ITP. This review summarizes and integrates existing studies on the chemokine-chemokine receptor axis and ITP, and explores its potential role in the pathogenesis and treatment of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19822,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Blood & Cancer","volume":" ","pages":"e31954"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Protective Effect of Fetal Hemoglobin on Retinal Damage in Sickle Cell Disease Patients: A Correlation with Optical Coherence Tomography, Hematologic Parameters, and Hydroxyurea Treatment.","authors":"Jing Jin, Pimpiroon Ploysangam, Dorothy H Hendricks, Robin E Miller","doi":"10.1002/pbc.31951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.31951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The protective effect of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) on retinal health in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) has been well recognized. Hydroxyurea, a disease-modifying agent, induces HbF production and modifies hematologic parameters. This study investigated the correlation between retinal damage on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and HbF levels. Additionally, it compared retinal OCT, HbF, and other hematologic laboratory parameters in patients treated with/without hydroxyurea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective, observational study, 138 patients with SCD underwent ophthalmologic examination, including OCT. Hematologic values and treatment history were obtained from medical records. Analyses focused on correlations between HbF levels and hematologic markers, HbF trends with age in children with/without abnormal retinal OCT, and the impact of hydroxyurea treatment on HbF levels and OCT results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children with normal retinal OCT exhibited a slower age-related decline in HbF levels before age 15 years compared with those with abnormal OCT. HbF levels showed a strongly negative correlation with markers of hemolysis and inflammation and a positive correlation with hemoglobin. Hydroxyurea treatment was associated with elevated HbF levels and a shift in hematologic profile toward those observed in patients with normal OCT findings. Children treated with hydroxyurea exhibited slower progression of macular thinning with age.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Children with normal OCT findings maintained higher HbF levels and showed a slower decline with age. Hydroxyurea treatment increases HbF levels, improves hematologic profiles, and reduces the likelihood of retinal abnormalities. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms behind these observations and validate the findings in larger datasets.</p>","PeriodicalId":19822,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Blood & Cancer","volume":" ","pages":"e31951"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into Non-Classic Primary Bone Sarcomas in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: A French Descriptive Study.","authors":"Rafael Moisan, Jennifer Wallet, Sébastien Aubert, Pascaline Boudou-Rouquette, Nathalie Gaspar, Perrine Marec-Bérard, Estelle Thebaud, Emmanuelle Bompas, Gonzague de Pinieux, Jean-Luc Jouve, Antoine Italiano, Christine Chevreau, Jean-Yves Blay, Cyril Lervat","doi":"10.1002/pbc.31931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.31931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bone sarcomas other than osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma represent a challenge in care because they are uncommon, especially in children, adolescents, and young adults (AYA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective review of patients aged 0-25 years treated for non-osteosarcoma, non-chondrosarcoma, non-Ewing (and related) primary bone sarcomas in France between 2011 and 2021. Patients were identified through the French databases: ResOs and Conticabase.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-nine patients treated in 18 centers were analyzed. The median age was 15 years (3.0-25.0), and the male/female ratio was 0.58. The median follow-up was 33.9 months (IQR: 15.0-63.7). Twenty-three patients (46.9%) were diagnosed with adamantinomas, eight (16.3%) with chordomas, 15 (30.6%) with undifferentiated sarcomas, two (4.1%) with leiomyosarcomas, and one (2.0%) with angiosarcoma. Adamantinomas were treated by surgery, and chordomas by surgery and/or radiotherapy. High-grade tumors composed of undifferentiated sarcomas, leiomyosarcomas, and angiosarcomas were treated with an association of chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy. None of the patients with adamantinoma relapsed. Half of the patients with chordoma relapsed without any deaths. The 5-year overall survival and progression-free survival rates for patients with high-grade tumors were 44.4% (95% CI: 14.9%-70.7%) and 37.5% (95% CI: 16.1%-59.1%), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Non-classic primary bone sarcomas in children and AYA are extremely rare. Adamantinomas have an excellent outcome. Chordomas exhibit local aggressiveness and high recurrence rates, with a need to improve local control and systemic treatments. Other tumors are mainly undifferentiated sarcomas and have a poor prognosis, and no consensus as to adequate systemic treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19822,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Blood & Cancer","volume":" ","pages":"e31931"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144760672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approaches to Addressing Pediatric Cancer Treatment Refusal Beyond Legal Action.","authors":"Amy E Caruso Brown, Laura M Beskow, Daniel J Benedetti","doi":"10.1002/pbc.31949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.31949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Parental refusal and abandonment of recommended treatment in pediatric oncology can have significant consequences for patients and cause moral and emotional distress for clinicians. We sought to describe the spectrum of approaches to treatment refusal and abandonment that pediatric oncologists utilize when trying to avoid legal intervention, prior to deciding to seek legal intervention, and/or when legal intervention had been deemed inappropriate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>US-based pediatric oncologists were recruited to participate in qualitative interviews through purposive and referral sampling to maximize diversity. The semi-structured interview guide covered types of conflicts encountered; factors and approaches considered in response; effects of treatment refusal, personally and professionally; role of ethical frameworks and legal requirements; and the resources needed to manage refusal cases. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded using applied thematic analysis within the overall framework of grounded theory.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants reported using multiple tactics comprising three themes: logistics of communication, establishment of trust, and negotiation and compromise. They also described resources utilized, discussed how their experiences changed their practice, and what they would advise colleagues in the future, and identified barriers to successful resolution. Most participants did not have institutional policies or processes beyond the use of ethics consultation and desired more in-depth preparation and guidance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our work has created a foundation for the development of additional resources, including education and training, consensus guidelines that include the best available evidence for treatment modifications and the inclusion of alternative therapies, and better access to mental healthcare for those patients and families who need it.</p>","PeriodicalId":19822,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Blood & Cancer","volume":" ","pages":"e31949"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statewide Academic Performance of High School Students With Sickle Cell Disease.","authors":"Andrew M Heitzer, Meredith Ray, Andrew Wiese, Judy Dudley, Kelly M Harris, Allison A King, Jane S Hankins, William O Cooper, Matthew P Smeltzer, Robert Davis","doi":"10.1002/pbc.31947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.31947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Among patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), poor academic attainment in adolescence is associated with a greater frequency of acute care visits and a poorer health-related quality of life in adulthood. We compared the academic performance of high school students with SCD to students without SCD after controlling for race and sex.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study was constructed based on the Tennessee Medicaid program claims data and Tennessee Department of Education Race to the Top educational data from October 1, 2007 to September 30, 2019. For every ninth grade student with SCD identified, eight students without SCD were identified. Academic achievement was measured using rates of proficiency on end-of-course assessments. The number of days absent per school year, grade retention, and school withdrawal were used as measures of academic attainment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis included 498 students with SCD and 3188 students without SCD. After race and sex were adjusted for, students with SCD had English proficiency odds of 0.8 times (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.7-0.9; p < 0.001) those of students without SCD. Students with SCD were 1.2 times (95% CI: 1.0-1.5; p = 0.045) more likely to be retained in the ninth grade. The effect of SCD on grade retention was mediated by days absent from school (odds ratio for indirect effect, 1.18 (95% CI: 1.1-1.26; p < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>SCD negatively affects academic performance partly through frequent school absence.</p>","PeriodicalId":19822,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Blood & Cancer","volume":" ","pages":"e31947"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utility of BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia Panel Plus in a High-Risk Cohort: Children Post Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation.","authors":"Hannah Walker, Theresa Cole, Liam Gubbels, Helen Pham, Melanie Neeland, Diane Hanna, Vanessa Clifford, Shivanthan Shanthikumar, Gabrielle M Haeusler","doi":"10.1002/pbc.31940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.31940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pulmonary complications due to infection contribute significantly to post-haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) morbidity and mortality. Standard microbiological investigations, when performed on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, can take days to weeks to confirm a diagnosis. We aimed to determine the diagnostic performance of the BioFire FilmArray pneumonia panel plus (FA-PP), a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panel that detects 18 bacterial and nine viral targets, when applied to BAL obtained by flexible bronchoscopy, in children undergoing HCT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a single-centre prospective observational study in children undergoing allogeneic HCT, who underwent BAL pre- and post-HCT. To determine the diagnostic performance of the FA-PP, we measured the positive and negative concordance, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), compared with standard microbiological investigations, which was considered the gold standard. The clinical impact of the FA-PP was also qualitatively measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study enrolled 16 children who had 31 BAL samples collected, both pre- and post-HCT. In total, there were seven patients who underwent eight BALs while symptomatic, and 50% (4/8) of these results were concordant between FA-PP and standard microbiological investigations. In the 13 patients who had 23 BALs collected while asymptomatic, 78% (18/23) of these results were concordant. In the cohort as a whole, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 100%, 78%, 54% and 100%, respectively. In 50% (4/8) of patients who underwent a BAL while symptomatic, the FA-PP resulted in a hypothetical or actual clinical change, compared to 22% (5/23) of patients who underwent an asymptomatic BAL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, we report the first prospective evaluation of the diagnostic performance of the FA-PP in BAL, in a high-risk paediatric HCT cohort. We demonstrate that the FA-PP is a potentially useful adjunct to traditional standard microbiological investigations that can provide clinically impactful diagnostic information.</p>","PeriodicalId":19822,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Blood & Cancer","volume":" ","pages":"e31940"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Children and Parents Shortly After Pediatric Brain Tumor Diagnosis: Prevalence and Risk Factors.","authors":"Eva Kremer-Hooft van Huijsduijnen, Rachèl Kemps, Raphaële van Litsenburg, Heleen Maurice-Stam, Eelco Hoving, Marita Partanen, Martha Grootenhuis","doi":"10.1002/pbc.31955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.31955","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are high amongst survivors of pediatric brain tumors and their parents; however, early prevalence is unknown. This study aimed to get insight into the prevalence and risk factors of child and parental PTSS shortly after diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Procedures: </strong>Sixty-five children with brain tumors (6-16 years old) and their parents participated. The prevalence of clinical child PTSS (CRIES-13 self- and proxy-report) and parental PTSS (PCL-5) was assessed 1-3 months after diagnosis, and compared to the general population (PCL-5; binomial test). Pearson's correlations between child and parental PTSS were calculated. Risk factors were explored with linear regression analyses (psychosocial risk assessed through PAT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Clinical child PTSS scores were reported by 29.4% of the children (self-report) and 11.1% of their parents (proxy-report). Prevalence of clinical parental PTSS was not significantly higher than in the general population (mothers: 12.1%, p = 0.07; fathers: 6.0%, p = 0.20). Self-reported child PTSS scores were associated with proxy-reported child PTSS scores (r = 0.49, p < 0.001), but not with parental PTSS scores (mother r = 0.22, father r = 0.18). No associations were found between demographic factors and child or parental PTSS. Shorter time since diagnosis was associated with more self-reported child PTSS (β = -0.45, p = 0.01). Starting radiotherapy was associated with more mother PTSS (β = 1.04, p < 0.003). Family psychosocial risk was associated with more child PTSS (self-report β = 0.82, p = 0.02; proxy-report β = 0.81, p = 0.02) and mother PTSS (β = 1.33, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prevalence of PTSS in children with recently diagnosed brain tumors was high, highlighting the need for early psychosocial monitoring and targeted interventions to optimize health-related quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":19822,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Blood & Cancer","volume":" ","pages":"e31955"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complications at Diagnosis of Pediatric Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Chronic Phase.","authors":"Nirmalya Roy Moulik, Uma Athale, Markus Metzler, Frederic Millot, Meinolf Suttorp","doi":"10.1002/pbc.31946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.31946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is uncommon during the first two decades of life, resulting in limited experience of pediatricians in handling this leukemia. This is even more true when it comes to managing rare complications at the time of diagnosis. Most pediatric patients will present with CML in chronic phase, however, with massive hyperleukocytosis. Although rare, issues such as leukostasis, thrombocytosis, and splenomegaly-or a combination of these-may necessitate urgent, life- and organ-saving interventions. Leukostasis typically blocks the small vessels of cerebral, pulmonary, cardiac, retinal, acoustical, osseous, renal, digital, and penile (in males) microvasculature. Combining chemotherapy with leukapheresis or exchange transfusion is required in selected cases. Despite thrombocytosis, no thrombotic complications were observed in pediatric CML, but bleeding signs were observed. These comprised intracerebral hemorrhage, soft tissue bruising, epistaxis, gingival bleeding, gastrointestinal or genitourinary bleeding, and menorrhagia, which may partly be explained by an acquired von Willebrand syndrome. The use of prophylactic low-dose acetylsalicylic acid in children with thrombocytosis cannot be routinely recommended. Splenomegaly may be complicated by splenic infarction, varying from asymptomatic infarction to hemorrhagic shock secondary to massive subcapsular hemorrhage with occasional splenic rupture. This overview explores potential organ-specific complications that may occur at presentation/diagnosis of CML-CP and outlines their management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19822,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Blood & Cancer","volume":" ","pages":"e31946"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144760771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolite Levels Measured Using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Pediatric Methotrexate-Induced Leukoencephalopathy.","authors":"Daisuke Hirokawa, Moyoko Tomiyasu, Masaki Sonoda, Jun Suenaga, Hiroaki Goto, Noriko Aida, Tetsuya Yamamoto","doi":"10.1002/pbc.31957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.31957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Methotrexate (MTX)-induced leukoencephalopathy is a significant neurological complication in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a noninvasive method to assess metabolic changes associated with neurotoxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of MRS-derived metabolite levels, particularly N-acetylaspartate and N-acetylaspartylglutamate (tNAA), in MTX-induced leukoencephalopathy.</p><p><strong>Procedure: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed 89 pediatric patients with ALL who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MRS at Kanagawa Children's Medical Center between 2009 and 2022. A total of 261 MRS datasets were examined, focusing on metabolic changes in the centrum semiovale. Using mixed logistic regression, we evaluated the association between tNAA levels and leukoencephalopathy onset, as well as their correlation with clinical recovery after MTX discontinuation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with leukoencephalopathy had significantly lower tNAA levels than those of controls. A predictive model indicated that a 1.0-point decrease in pretreatment tNAA levels was associated with an approximately 3.22-fold increase in the odds of developing MTX-induced leukoencephalopathy. Furthermore, increasing tNAA levels over time were significantly correlated with clinical improvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests that tNAA levels measured using MRS may serve as a potential biomarker for diagnosing and monitoring MTX-induced leukoencephalopathy. Integrating MRS into clinical assessments may represent a promising future approach to facilitate earlier intervention, inform treatment strategies, and potentially improve patient outcomes, pending validation by future prospective studies. These findings highlight the importance of MRS in the real-time evaluation of disease progression and therapeutic responses in pediatric patients undergoing MTX treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19822,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Blood & Cancer","volume":" ","pages":"e31957"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Brachytherapy on Dental Development in Pediatric Head and Neck Tumor Survivors: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Wenting Yu, Guohao Zhang, Shaofeng Wang, Hongrui Tian, Huifang Yang, Xianju Xie, Jianguo Zhang, Lei Zheng, Yuxing Bai, Mingwei Huang","doi":"10.1002/pbc.31938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.31938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the impact of brachytherapy on dental development in pediatric and adolescent patients with head and neck tumors. Specifically, the study characterized the clinical manifestations of dental anomalies and evaluated the potential influence of patient- and treatment-related factors.</p><p><strong>Procedure: </strong>A total of 35 panoramic radiographs of head and neck tumor survivors were evaluated and compared with panoramic radiographs of matched healthy controls. The mean age from the start of brachytherapy was 6.6 years (0.8-16.0 years), and the mean age for imaging examinations in the study group was 13.2 years (4.3-21.2 years). Tooth agenesis, microdontia, and root shortage were identified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dental anomalies were found in 32 head and neck tumor survivors (91.43%) and 11 control subjects (28.95%). Teeth with short roots were found in 25 tumor patients (71.43%) and 8 control subjects (21.05%). Microdontic teeth were found in 17 tumor survivors (48.57%) and 2 control subjects (5.26%), whereas agenesis of teeth was found in 18 tumor patients (51.43%) and 5 control subjects (13.16%). The occurrence of dental anomalies is correlated with the age at start of brachytherapy and the treatment modalities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dental development was considerably impacted by brachytherapy, especially for children under the age of 3, whereas the post-10-year age period is regarded as a relatively low-risk window. Short roots were identified as the most commonly observed type of dental developmental anomaly.</p>","PeriodicalId":19822,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Blood & Cancer","volume":" ","pages":"e31938"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}