Pesticidi I Fitomedicina最新文献

{"title":"A preliminary study of antibacterial activity of thirty essential oils against several important plant pathogenic bacteria","authors":"T. Popović, Z. Milicevic, V. Oro, Igor Kostić, V. Radović, A. Jelušić, S. Krnjajić","doi":"10.2298/PIF1804185P","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF1804185P","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMaRY Numerous scientific research of agriculture in st as being particularly sensitive to climate change, which has caused phytopathogenic bacteria to spread. Therefore, there is a clear and urgent need to contain this kind of risk in agricultural production (both conventional and organic farming). The objective of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of 30 essential oils (EOs) against three harmful plant pathogenic bacteria of agricultural importance, Erwinia amylovora , Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae . The study included in vitro testing, using an agar-diffusion assay. The EOs of Ceylon cinnamon (leaf and bark), oregano, clove bud and palmarosa revealed antibacterial activity against the test bacteria, and the maximum mean inhibition zone diameters of 35 mm was found against E. amylovora and X. campestris pv. campestris (highly sensitive reaction), while it was smaller in the case of P. syringae pv. syringae , from 18.25-26.25 mm (sensitive to very sensitive reaction). Maximum diameter of the zone of inhibition (35 mm) was obtained using basil and peppermint against E. amylovora, and rosemary, blue gum and camphor tree against X. campestris pv. campestris. Not a single EO inhibited P. syringae pv. syringae with the resulting total diameter zone of 35 mm, and this test bacteria was resultingly classified as the least susceptible bacterium of the three tested. EOs of lemongrass, aniseed, ylang ylang, silver fir, lemon, dwarf mountain pine, bay laurel and scots pine caused sensitive reaction of the tested bacteria. Peppermint, black cumin, Indian frankincense, bergamot orange, common juniper, bitter orange and neem produced variable reactions from total to weakly or no inhibition at all. Weakly activity was found in niaouli and Atlas cedar. Eastern red cedar, patchouli, Indian sandalwood and ginger caused no reaction of any of the test bacteria. The results offer a basis for further work based on in vivo testing for the purpose of developing “natural pesticides” for control of phytopathogenic bacteria, thus giving a significant contribution to reducing yield losses in agriculture and sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"33 1","pages":"185-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68623825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifungal activity of chitosan against Alternaria alternata and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides","authors":"S. Zivkovic, M. Stevanovic, Sanja Đurović, D. Ristić, S. Stošić","doi":"10.2298/pif1804197z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif1804197z","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMaRY Chitosan and its derivatives have been reported as a promising alternative for control of postharvest fungal pathogens. The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro and in situ antifungal activity of chitosan against Alternaria alternata and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated from decayed apple fruits. The fungi were tested in vitro using PDA medium with three concentrations of chitosan (1, 2 and 3 mg/ml). Fungal growth of the test pathogens was significantly affected by all chitosan doses (P<0.05) after 7 days of incubation at 25°C. Water solution of 3 mg/ml of chitosan inhibited completely the conidial germination of A. alternata and C. gloeosporioides after 18 h incubation at 25°C. The results obtained from biocontrol assay indicate that the inhibition of postharvest decay of A. alternata and C. gloeosporioides was significantly influenced by chitosan concentrations. Disease incidence in chitosan-treated fruit after 7 days incubation at 25°C was significantly lower than in the positive control for both fungi tested (P<0.05). A. alternata and C. gloeosporioides used in this study were progressively inhibited in vitro and in situ with increasing concentrations of chitosan from 1 to 3 mg/ml.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"33 1","pages":"197-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68624060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and population diversity of Erwinia amylovora strains originating from pome fruits in Serbia","authors":"M. Krivokapić, V. Gavrilović, M. Ivanović, N. Kuzmanović, D. Fira, A. Obradović, K. Gašić","doi":"10.2298/PIF1804175K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF1804175K","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMaRY The diversity of 30 Erwinia amylovora strains, isolated from quince, pear and apple trees on 14 localities in Serbia, was studied using bacteriological and molecular methods. In pathogenicity tests, all strains caused necrosis and oozing of bacterial exudate on inoculated immature pear, cherry and plum fruits, and induced hypersensitive reaction in tobacco leaves. The studied strains were Gram and oxidase negative, non-fluorescent, levan and catalase positive and facultatively anaerobic. The strains did not reduce nitrates, but utilized citrate and produced acid from sorbitol, hydrolyzed gelatine, produced reducing substances from sucrose and grew in the presence of 5% NaCl, but not at 36ºC. Identity of the strains was confirmed by conventional and nested PCR methods. Rep-PCR with REP, ERIC and BOX primers resulted in amplification of several DNA fragments respectively, but showed no variation within the strains. However, different genetic profiles were obtained with RAPD-PCR by using six primers which enabled differentiation of the strains into four groups. Genetic differences between the studied strains did not correlate with the host plants, geographical origin or year of isolation.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"33 1","pages":"175-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68623342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifungal activity of cinnamon and clove essential oils against button mushroom pathogens Cladobotryum dendroides (Bull.) W. Gams & Hooz and Lecanicillium fungicola var. fungicola (Preuss) Hasebrauk","authors":"J. Lukovic, M. Stepanović, B. Todorovic, S. Milijasevic-Marcic, N. Duduk, I. Vico, I. Potocnik","doi":"10.2298/PIF1801019L","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF1801019L","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Antifungal activity of two essential oils, cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum J. Presl) and clove ( Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merrill & Perry), was evaluated against Cladobotryum dendroides (Bull.) W. Gams & Hooz, and Lecanicillium fungicola var. fungicola (Preuss) Hasebrauk, the causal agents of cobweb and dry bubble disease of cultivated mushroom. Inhibitory and fungicidal activity of the selected essential oils was assayed using three methods: microdilution, macrodilution fumigant and macrodilution contact method. Comparing all three methods, clove essential oil showed stronger activity than cinnamon against both fungi, having minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at the lowest concentrations tested (1.56, 0.02 and 0.1 µl ml -1 , respectively). However, cinnamon oil was more toxic to L. fungicola var. fungicola then to C. dendroides in all three methods. Both oils exhibited stronger antifungal effects when used in the macrodilution fumigant than in contact method. The results showed that both cinnamon and clove essential oils have the potential for further in vivo experiments against L. fungicola var. fungicola and C. dendroides and indicated a possible use of these oils in integrated disease management in mushrooms.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"23 1","pages":"19-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68623264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of cultivation medium composition for production of bioactive compounds effective against Penicillium sp.","authors":"Z. Rončević, Ivana Pajčin, D. Cvetković, S. Dodić, J. Grahovac, J. Dodić","doi":"10.2298/pif1801027r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif1801027r","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Biological control is one of the best alternatives to pesticides as it avoids their weak points in plant disease control. In this study, the composition of cultivation medium for production of bioactive compounds by Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 was optimized. The produced bioactive compounds were tested against a phytopathogenic Penicillium sp. known for infesting different agricultural products and causing substantial crop losses. Antimicrobial activity assaying was carried out using the diffusion-disc method, and inhibition zone diameters were measured as direct indicators of antifungal activity. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the effects of different contents of initial nutrients (glycerol, NaNO 2 and K 2 HPO 4 ) in cultivation medium on inhibition zone diameter. Optimization was carried out using the desirability function method in order to maximize bioactive compounds yield and to minimize residual nutrients contents. The optimized concentrations of the selected nutrients in cultivation medium for production of bioactive compounds were: glycerol 20 g/l, NaNO 2 1 g/l and K 2 HPO 4 15 g/l.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"33 1","pages":"27-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68623288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of wild Mus musculus to baits containing essential oils: I - Cinnamon and clove tested in storage facilities","authors":"Goran Jokić, S. Mitrić, D. Pejin, T. Blažić, Suzana Djedovic, B. Stojnić, M. Vukša","doi":"10.2298/PIF1802137J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF1802137J","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY The effect of cinnamon ( Cinnamomi zeylanicum ) and clove ( Eugenia caryophyllata ) essential oils on the acceptibility of cereal-based baits to house mice in storage facilities was examined. The effects of three concentrations, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 %, were tested for optimization purposes. The experiments were performed in a mill storage, and in another storage for seeds and seedlings. Attractiveness of the examined concentrations of cinnamon and clove essential oils was statistically significant, compared to placebo bait, within seven days of the experiment. On the seventh day, the average consumption of baits containing 0.75 % and 1 % concentrations of cinnamon oil was 46 % in the mill storage, i.e. 35.5 % more than placebo baits were consumed. Fourteen days after the beginning of the experiment, no significant difference was detected in the consumption of baits offered in the mill storage. On the other hand, a significant difference was revealed regarding the consumption of examined baits in the seed and seedling storage. The average consumption of baits containing 0.75 % and 1 % cinnamon oil was 47 % and 51 % higher after 14 days than the consumption of placebo bait. Compared to the other test baits, those containing cinnamon essential oil at 0.75 % and 1 % concentration demonstrated better attractiveness without mutual statistically significant differences.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"33 1","pages":"137-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68623632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antagonistic potential of Bacillus spp. isolates against bacterial pathogens of tomato and fungal pathogen of pepper","authors":"S. Milijasevic-Marcic, V. Todorovic, Olja Stanojevic, T. Berić, S. Stanković, B. Todorovic, I. Potocnik","doi":"10.2298/PIF1801009M","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF1801009M","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY In vitro antagonistic potential of eleven isolates of Bacillus spp. against two phytopathogenic bacteria and one fungus was tested in order to identify potential biocontrol agents in vegetable crops. The Bacillus spp. isolates demonstrated different levels of antagonistic effect against the tested pathogenic microorganisms. Data in the study proved Xanthomonas vesicatoria to be more sensitive to Bacillus spp. strains than Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis . Ten B. subtilis strains induced growth inhibition of X. vesicatoria , while a strain of B. pumilus did not affect the growth of that bacterium. The largest inhibition zones against X. vesicatoria were induced by strains B-319, B-325 and B-358. The pathogenic strain C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis was most inhibited by two B. subtilis strains (B-338 and B-348) with mean inhibition zone diameters of up to 20 mm. B. subtilis strain B-319 which was the best in inhibiting X. vesicatoria, showed the lowest inhibitory effect on C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis . The largest growth inhibition percentage of Verticillium sp. (PGI approximately 70%) was induced by B. subtilis strains B-310 and B-322. The other B. subtilis strains showed PGI values ranging from 45% to 68%, while B. pumilus strain B-335 had the least antagonistic potential (PGI =34.43%) against the pathogen. This study identified at least one suitable biocontrol candidate, B. subtilis strain B-358, as effective in vitro against all three vegetable pathogens.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"33 1","pages":"9-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68623149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritive value responses to biological products in alfalfa forage (Medicago sativa L.)","authors":"I. Mitkova, Natalia Georgieva Аnastasova, Yordanka Naydenova Andreeva","doi":"10.2298/pif1802119n","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif1802119n","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY The effects of the biological insecticides Madex and Agricolle, applied alone or in combination with the biological fertilizers Lithovit and Nagro, on chemical composition and enzyme in vitro digestibility, as well as energy feeding value of alfalfa dry mass were studied. Treatments were carried out at the beginning of the flowering stage during the second cutting for control of economically important pests, testing a method of organic pest control. Independent and combined applications of several biological products were found to influence positively the chemical composition, enzyme in vitro digestibility, and energy and protein nutritional value of alfalfa feed. An optimal combination of decrease in the content of plant cell wall fiber components and a significant increase in forage enzyme in vitro digestibility was revealed after the application of Agricolle and a combination of Agricolle and Nagro. Digestibility reached 60.4 and 59.9%, respectively, which is an increase of 12.0 and 11.0%. Alfalfa low fiber, high protein content, and digestibility made a very good complement to grains and other forages in dairy rations after treatment with biological products.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"33 1","pages":"119-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68623547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brassinosteroid phytochormones as regulators of plant growth and modulators of pesticide and fertilizer activity","authors":"B. Nikolić, H. Waisi, V. Jovanović, V. Dragičević, Sanja Djurovic","doi":"10.2298/PIF1804161N","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF1804161N","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMaRY The mode of action of agrochemicals on plants implies the totality of their effect on plant metabolism, growth and development. The effects of different doses of 24-epibrassinolide (24-EBL) as a class of brassinosteroid phytohormones on growth and other physiological processes in maize plants during different development stages are reviewed in order to assess the influence of these agrochemicals on various factors determining the yield of maize as an important agricultural crop. In addition, several examples are given of the effects of these phytohormones on other crops, fruits and vegetables, in terms of their effect on yield, yield quality, and increase in crop resistance to some types of stress. Own results are discussed in the context of other literature data. volume; LMR, RMR, SMR (g g -1 ): relative dry weight of plant parts (leaves, roots, stem); dH (J mol -1 K -1 ): differential enthalpy of different parts (R: radicle; P: plumule; RoS: rest of seed) of 25 maize seedlings exposed to T(reatments) of different molar concentrations of 24-EBL; ΔG 105 (J mol -1 K -1 ) differential Gibbs free energy of total maize plant and their parts (R: roots; L: leaves; S: stem) assesed at 105 0 C; ZP434, ZP704, ZP505: maize hybrids; Fv/Fm, , Fv/F 0 , ФРS 2 , qP, NPQ, RFD 730 (all in relative units), ETR (μmol electrons m -2 s -1 ): different Chl a fluorescence parameters; Pphy, Pi: phosphorus bond to phytic acid and free phosphorus available to many cellular biochemical reactions; GSH: reduced form of gluthathyone; K, Ca, Fe, Mg, Zn, Si: different chemical elements.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"33 1","pages":"161-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68623768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of metribuzin on the density of proteolytic microorganisms and proteolytic activity in different types of soil","authors":"L. Santric, L. Radivojević, M. Sarić-Krsmanović, J. Gajić-Umiljendić, Rada Djurovic-Pejcev","doi":"10.2298/PIF1804233S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF1804233S","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMaRY Soil texture and other physical and chemical characteristics of soil are important factors influencing the retention of herbicides in soil ecosystems. A laboratory experiment was conducted to estimate the response of proteolytic microorganisms to applications of metribuzin in different types of soil (loamy and sandy) in terms of density and protease activity. The following concentrations were tested: 12.0, 24.0, 120.0 and 1200.0 mg a.i.kg -1 soil. Samples were collected 7,14 and 30 days after treatment with metribuzin. Metribuzin did not affect the number of proteolytic microorganisms in loamy soil. In sandy soil, their number was reduced 26.7% by the highest concentration 7 days after application. Protease activity was reduced in both types of soil on the 7 th and 14 th day and the percentage of reduction was 21% for loamy soil and 29.9% for sandy soil. Statistical analysis of data showed that the correlation between test parameters was positive in both types of soil (r 2 =1 for loamy soil, and r 2 =0.81 for sandy soil). The study shows that metribuzin causes a passable impact on microbial population and enzymatic activity which depends on the type of soil.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"33 1","pages":"233-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68623801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}