Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Miracle Tree (<i>Moringa oleifera</i>) Attuned GFAP and Synaptophysin Levels, Oxidative Stress and Biomarkers in Cerebellar Fluorosis of Pregnant Rats.","authors":"Amira El-Helaly, Amoura M Abou-El-Naga, Khulud M Alshehri, Mai Alaa El-Dein","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.628.650","DOIUrl":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.628.650","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Cerebellar fluorosis is a health issue associated with excessive exposure to fluoride (F) either in direct or indirect ways as pesticides, drinking water and caries preventing prescriptions. It is characterized by elevation in oxidative stress, inflammation, demyelination and Purkinje cell loss. &lt;i&gt;Moringa oleifera&lt;/i&gt; (M), is a widely cultivated plant used as a health-booster agent in modulating various disorders because of its high content of vitamins and minerals. The beneficial effect of moringa against fluoride-induced cerebellar toxicity in pregnant rats was investigated in this study. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Twenty pregnant rats were administered daily 300 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;i&gt;M. oleifera&lt;/i&gt; aqueous extract incorporated with 10 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; of F intoxication from the 1st day of gestation until the 20th day. Following the termination of the trial, sera were collected and cerebellar tissue was removed for further examinations, along with the assessment of maternity. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The &lt;i&gt;M. oleifera&lt;/i&gt; significantly normalized serum FSH, LH, progesterone, dopamine and serotonin levels of F-intoxicated mothers. Additionally, &lt;i&gt;M. oleifera&lt;/i&gt; markedly prevented the lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation indicated by the tail length and moment in comet assay (-34.4 and -75.3%, respectively, when compared to the fluoride intoxicated group), while sustaining the levels of SOD and CAT revealing its antioxidant activity. The &lt;i&gt;M. oleifera&lt;/i&gt; regressed the cerebellar α-amylase (-25.4%) and acetylcholinesterase activity (-40.6%), also attenuated GFAP (-73.4%, p<0.0001), synaptophysin level (216.6%, p<0.0001) and IL-6 expression (-91.2%) comparing to fluoride only treated mothers. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Histological and ultrastructural examinations confirmed the recuperating effects of &lt;i&gt;M. oleifera&lt;/i&gt; on mothers' cerebellar tissue intoxicated with fluoride indicated by intact folia and restored Purkinje cells number and architecture. The maternal study emphasized the anti-abortifacient activity of moringa against fluoride induced-fetotoxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"26 12","pages":"628-650"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139707415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Thraustochytrium Trk-23 Producing Docosahexaenoic Acid from North Kalimantan, Indonesia","authors":"Witono Basuki, Rofiq Sunaryanto, Andri Frediansya, Ika Rahmatul Layly, Yusnitati, R. Giarni, Abdul Wakhid Shodiq","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.567.575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2023.567.575","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139318951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro Culture Optimization of Pomelo Seeds (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.): A South Sulawesi Orange","authors":"Mustika Tuwo, T. Kuswinanti, Andi Nasruddin, E. Tambaru","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.576.585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2023.576.585","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139319151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Constituents and in vitro Antibacterial Activity of Fixed Oils from Different Parts of Bridelia stipularis (L.) Blume","authors":"Sharjana Rahman, Shahin Aziz, Sadia Afrin, Nasim Ahmed, Salma Ahmed, S. M. Al-Reza","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.549.556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2023.549.556","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139318944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Potential of Sago Caterpillars as Cooking Oils: Extraction, Purifying and Characterization","authors":"Feti Fatimah, S. Gugule, D. G. Katja, A. D. Wuntu, Stevie Karouw, Jane Sulinda Tambas, Maureen Kumaunang, Chaleb Paul Maanari, Anderson Arnold Aloanis","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.557.566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2023.557.566","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139319090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study of the Medicinal Plants of Genus <i>Orthosiphon</i> sp.: Aiming to Expand Valuable Medicinal Resources for Medical Treatment.","authors":"Van Duong Thieu, Van Be Nam Tran, Van Hung Mai, Thanh Trong Pham","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.586.592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2023.586.592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Orthosiphon&lt;/i&gt; sp., contains many active ingredients that are beneficial to health. In addition to prevention, they are also used in treatment. This study aims to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of 9 &lt;i&gt;Orthosiphon&lt;/i&gt; sp., based on morphology and combine molecular biology methods to determine the genetic relationship based on the \"ITS1-4\" gene region. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Nine seed samples/species &lt;i&gt;Orthosiphon&lt;/i&gt; sp., grown in 9 provinces in South Vietnam were collected and planted for survey at the Can Tho experimental farm. The method of observing and describing the external morphology and microdissection of the eye cage is carried out. The DNA extraction was performed at the Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Food and Biotechnology, Can Tho University. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; There are differences in some parameters except leaf width and flower diameter. A simple pedigree chart can classify nine cat breeds into 3 groups: Group I includes An Giang (Râ1), Ca Mau (Râ2) and Can Tho (Râ3) breeds that are genetically close to each other and have only the same quantity, group II includes 2 varieties of Vinh Long (Râ8) and Dong Thap (Râ6), group III includes 4 identical samples in Kien Giang (Râ7), Hau Giang (Râ4), Soc Trang (Râ5) and Tien Giang (Râ9). &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; With molecular biology techniques, 9 cat breeds have been identified, all belonging to the species &lt;i&gt;Orthosiphon aristatus&lt;/i&gt;. However, to have more accurate and complete conclusions, it is necessary to study some specific gene sequences related to the morphology and substances contained in the plant.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"26 11","pages":"586-592"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139403951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on <i>Passiflora foetida</i> L. as a Pharmaceutical Treatment for Neurasthenia in Humans.","authors":"Van Mai Do, Van Duong Thieu, Van Hung Mai","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.504.509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2023.504.509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; This plant is known in many parts of the world and is used as medicine in some countries. In Vietnam, people know how to use &lt;i&gt;Passiflora foetida &lt;/i&gt;L.,&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;as an herb. There are many research works in the world, most of them focus on medicinal properties. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of samples of &lt;i&gt;Passiflora foetida &lt;/i&gt;L., yellow fruit based on agronomic traits and the gene region of \"&lt;i&gt;rbcL&lt;/i&gt;\". &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Seed samples were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. The trial was a sample of &lt;i&gt;Passiflora foetida &lt;/i&gt;L., species. The distance between sample plant is 3×2 m, so the total number of trees is 1,330 trees ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;. The genetic relationship between them was determined through the construction of a phylogenetic tree in the \"&lt;i&gt;rbcL&lt;/i&gt;\" gene region sequence. Data analysis and processing methods done by using X software. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The PCR results that amplify the \"&lt;i&gt;rbcL&lt;/i&gt;\" gene region around 670 bp, the PCR products were then sequenced. The sequence results were compared with the sequences on the NCBI gene bank, showing that the sequences of the nine varieties/species all coincided with the &lt;i&gt;Passiflora foetida &lt;/i&gt;Sims species sequences with a high similarity coefficient from 98.77 to 99.9%. Genetically shows that all nine species samples belong to &lt;i&gt;Passiflora foetida&lt;/i&gt; which can be classified into three genetic samples of An Giang (LA1), Ca Mau (LA2) and Can Tho (LA3) which are genetically close to each other, have the same index. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; The heritability in the broad sense is high in the two traits of stem height and leaf length, so it can be considered that these two traits are controlled by genes. The cultivation of algae seeds to improve the productivity of these medicinal plant varieties is important in providing raw materials for the oriental medicine industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"26 10","pages":"504-509"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138800699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Life Form and Adaptive Capacity of Coral Reef Ecosystem in Tanjung Tiram Waters, Southeast Sulawesi.","authors":"Kangkuso Analuddin, Muhammad Helmi, Luky Adrianto, Wa Iba, L M Golok Jaya, Andi Septiana, Rempei Suwa, Kazuo Nadaoka, Takashi Nakamura, Lalang","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.534.542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2023.534.542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; The coastal areas of Southeast Sulawesi are households of rich coastal ecosystems, which provide precious ecosystem services for society, but recent conditions might be suffered by various natural and anthropogenic pressures. This study aimed to elucidate the life forms and adaptive capacity of the coral reefs ecosystem in the Tanjung Tiram waters, as one of the potential tourist places in Southeast Sulawesi. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Observation of the life form and adaptive capacity of coral reefs was carried out using the LIT (line intercept transect) method. The adaptive capacity components of the coral reef ecosystem were assessed including: (1) Coral reef dimensional index (IDCR), (2) Coral cover (%), (3) Dominance of life forms, (4) Number of life form species, (5) Number of reef fish species, (6) Depth of coral reefs and (7) Distance of coral reef ecosystems from residential areas. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The life forms of coral reefs consist of &lt;i&gt;Acropora&lt;/i&gt; and non-&lt;i&gt;Acropora&lt;/i&gt; corals. Adaptive capacity components of coral reefs showed different categories, such as the coral reef dimensional index belonging to the \"Low\" category, while mostly other adaptive capacity parameters including coral cover, the coral life forms and the number of coral fish belong to the \"Moderate\" category except for the number of life-form species of coral reefs is in the high category. The distance of the coral reef ecosystem is very near to human settlements of Tanjung Tiram Village and thus coral reef ecosystems are affected by human activities. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Overall, the adaptive capacity of the coral reef ecosystem in Tanjung Tiram waters was a moderate category, thus, efforts must be made such as by coral transplantation, conservation, etc., to increase the coral reefs' adaptive capacity in the coastal regions of Southeast Sulawesi.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"26 10","pages":"534-542"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138800300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Potential of <i>Rhynchophorus</i> Beetle Larval Haemolymph Against Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>.","authors":"Nurdjannah Jane Niode, Billy Johnson Kepel, Tilesky Caprizio Phoanda, Stephanie Lukita, Trina Ekawati Tallei","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.543.548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2023.543.548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; The emergence of methicillin-resistant community-acquired &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus &lt;/i&gt;and antibiotic-resistant &lt;i&gt;Neisseria gonorrhoeae&lt;/i&gt; has raised significant concerns. Efforts to combat resistance involve the exploration of novel alternative therapies, particularly those derived from insect components. &lt;i&gt;Rhynchophorus&lt;/i&gt; sp., a coconut pest commonly found in Southeast Asia, has haemolymph that exhibits bactericidal properties&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt; The objective of this study was to assess the potential of the haemolymph of &lt;i&gt;Rhynchophorus&lt;/i&gt; sp., larvae as an antimicrobial agent against Methicillin-resistant &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/i&gt; (MRSA) and &lt;i&gt;Neisseria gonorrhoeae&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; In this study, &lt;i&gt;Rhynchophorus&lt;/i&gt; sp., larvae were gathered for the purpose of haemolymph extraction. These larvae were then divided into distinct groups, with one group subjected to immunization using &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt;, while another group was left unimmunized. The study utilized the well diffusion method to evaluate antibacterial effectiveness. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Haemolymph fluid extracts from &lt;i&gt;Escherichia&lt;/i&gt; coli-immunized &lt;i&gt;Rhynchophorus&lt;/i&gt; sp., larvae, exhibited strong antibacterial activity, with an average value of 19.3±0.47 mm, against MRSA, more enhanced compared to unimmunized larvae. In contrast, haemolymph fluid extracts from &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt;-immunized &lt;i&gt;Rhynchophorus&lt;/i&gt; sp., larvae demonstrated a more moderate antibacterial activity, with a mean of 14.17±0.27 mm, against &lt;i&gt;Neisseria gonorrhoeae&lt;/i&gt;, a level similar to unimmunized larvae. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; The haemolymph extracted from &lt;i&gt;Rhynchophorus &lt;/i&gt;sp., beetles larvae exhibited antimicrobial effects against MRSA and &lt;i&gt;Neisseria gonorrhoeae&lt;/i&gt;, particularly when it is enhanced through &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt; immunization.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"26 10","pages":"543-548"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138800155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Saudi Society's Awareness of the Hazards of Scented Candles and Air Fresheners.","authors":"Leen Abdullah Alghariri, Renad Sultan Alanzi, Reem Oudah Albalwi, Lamees Fuad Garot, Hadeel Saud Alqbali, Mervat Sayed Mohamed","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.510.515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2023.510.515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Air fresheners and scented candles are dangerous for human health and the environment. They are associated with allergies and irritation for a weak respiratory system. This study was conducted to determine the extent of community awareness of the toxicity associated with scented candles and air fresheners. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; This study uses a questionnaire from March, 2023 to June, 2023. The study questionnaire, which was completed by 1667 participants, assesses the degree of knowledge, habits and diseases connected to scents and candles. Descriptive statistics, including percentages, were used. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; It was discovered that, on average, 568 (34.1%) people are unaware that candles contain chemicals. As 1497 (89.8%) are prepared to replace them with natural and safer candles, while 163 (9.8%) consulted a doctor after exposure to candles because of respiratory allergies; 1093 (65.5%) do not care to check the ingredients before buying a candle and 854 (51.2%) are unaware that candles might cause long-term damage. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; A significant portion of participants were unaware of the dangers of scented candles and air fresheners. There is no link between respiratory allergies and the substances present in these candles, but it has been proven that most participants are ready to change and use natural alternatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"26 10","pages":"510-515"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138800396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}