PharmacoEconomics Open最新文献

{"title":"Adverse Drug Reaction Costs and Study Quality in Africa: A Systematic Review of Cost-of-Illness Studies.","authors":"Bezie Kebede, Bereket Bahiru, Chernet Tafere","doi":"10.1007/s41669-026-00657-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41669-026-00657-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>An adverse drug reaction (ADR) is a harmful, unwanted patient response to a drug that happens at doses normally used for prevention, diagnosis, or treatment. Despite limited and inconsistent primary evidence on the cost of ADRs in Africa, this systematic review aims to synthesize the magnitude of ADR-related costs and assess the reporting quality of existing studies.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The authors followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. Three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect) and a hand search were employed. All empirical African cost-of-illness studies on ADRs were included regardless of publication year, disease type, or population, while letters to the editor, case reports, conference proceedings, and abstracts were excluded. Two independent authors conducted screening, data extraction, and quality assessment. A consensus-based cost-of-illness checklist was used to assess reporting quality. The primary outcome was the cost of adverse drug reactions, reported in 2024 international dollars (I$); the secondary outcome was the reporting quality of studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 324 studies were identified, of which eight were included in the final analysis. Nearly all studies reported only direct medical costs, excluding direct non-medical and indirect costs. ADR-related hospitalization costs per patient ranged from I$54.75 in Nigeria to I$7438.47 in South Africa. Costs were mainly driven by hospitalization, medications, and investigations, and influenced by patient, disease, and health system-related factors. While all studies described their population, objectives, time horizon, and data collection methods, many failed to report important methodological details.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adverse drug reactions impose a substantial economic burden through direct medical costs influenced by multiple factors; however, many studies lacked key reported details. Future research should adopt recommended methodologies and comprehensive cost reporting to improve the reliability of cost estimates.</p>","PeriodicalId":19770,"journal":{"name":"PharmacoEconomics Open","volume":" ","pages":"609-621"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13379527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147974448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction Error in Quality-Adjusted Life Years in Economic Evaluations of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Comparison Based on Projected and Observed Updated Survival.","authors":"Jinyu Chen, Yichen Zhang, Kexin Han, Sheng Han, Luwen Shi, Xiaodong Guan","doi":"10.1007/s41669-026-00660-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41669-026-00660-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Survival data from pivotal clinical trials are critical for estimating quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). However, immature survival data require extrapolation beyond observed follow-up to project outcomes, introducing potential prediction error into QALY estimates used in economic evaluations. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) present unique extrapolation challenges due to delayed responses and extended survival benefits. We therefore quantify the QALY prediction error of early extrapolations by benchmarking them against updated follow-up at a common time horizon.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using reconstructed individual patient data derived from published Kaplan-Meier curves of pivotal trials, this study assessed the accuracy of early survival extrapolations for ICIs approved in China by comparing early projections with QALYs obtained from updated data at the same horizon. A partitioned-survival framework using overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) informed state occupancy, and QALYs were obtained via restricted mean survival time (RMST) integration of health-state utilities at the target horizon. Statistical analyses evaluated bias, precision, and agreement between extrapolated and updated QALY estimates. Linear regression and sensitivity analyses assessed the impact of target extrapolation horizon (T) on prediction error.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 14 randomized controlled trials (4839 patients) were included for analysis. The mean deviation between extrapolated and observed QALYs was - 0.01 (95% CI - 0.03 to 0.01), with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.03 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.04). Strong agreement existed between extrapolated and updated QALYs (Spearman's ρ = 0.98, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.99, P < 0.001). Consistently, OS extrapolations showed minimal deviation (MAE: 0.56 months), while PFS tended to be underestimated (MAE: 1.91 months). Moreover, predictive error increased significantly with longer extrapolation periods for QALY (MAE increase: 0.011 QALY/year, P = 0.004) and OS (MAE increase: 0.342 months/year, P = 0.010).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Near-horizon QALY prediction error was modest on average but increased with longer target extrapolation horizons. These findings support transparent reporting of extrapolation uncertainty and suggest that structured evidence reassessment may be particularly valuable as longer follow-up becomes available.</p>","PeriodicalId":19770,"journal":{"name":"PharmacoEconomics Open","volume":" ","pages":"769-779"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13379523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148016756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Sequential Treatment Strategies for Moderate to Severe Crohn's Disease in Spain: Where Should Biosimilar Ustekinumab Be Positioned?","authors":"Iago Rodríguez-Lago, José Ignacio Peinado-Fabregat, Marcelo Guigini, Mónica Cerezales, Francisco Ibáñez, Carlos Crespo, Manuel Barreiro-de Acosta","doi":"10.1007/s41669-026-00648-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41669-026-00648-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19770,"journal":{"name":"PharmacoEconomics Open","volume":" ","pages":"591"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13194901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147778010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Sensitivity of Utilities Predicted by the EQ-5D, SF-6D, HUI3, 15D, AQoL-4D, and AQoL-8D Multi-Attribute Utility Instruments to SF-36 Dimensions.","authors":"Josephine N A Tetteh, Michael Schlander","doi":"10.1007/s41669-026-00645-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41669-026-00645-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multi-attribute utility instruments (MAUIs) are commonly used in health economics to measure health-related quality of life (HRQoL), yet their sensitivity to different health domains varies. This study examines the sensitivity of six widely used MAUIs-EQ-5D, SF-6D, HUI3, 15D, AQoL-4D, and AQoL-8D-to the eight dimensions of the SF-36 survey.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed the associations between SF-36 dimensions and utility scores generated by each MAUI using regression models, focusing on the eight SF-36 domains as predictors. Our analyses used data from the Multi-Instrument Comparison (MIC) project, a cross-national project comprising 8022 respondents from Australia, Canada, Germany, Norway, the United Kingdom, and the United States, including both general population participants and individuals with a range of chronic health conditions. The sensitivity of each instrument was further evaluated through simulations of health interventions targeting mental health, pain relief, stress management, and post-surgical recovery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis revealed distinct sensitivity patterns across instruments. The SF-6D and 15D were particularly sensitive to social and role-oriented domains, while EQ-5D and HUI3 demonstrated greater sensitivity to physical health dimensions, especially bodily pain and physical functioning. AQoL-4D and AQoL-8D showed strong sensitivity to mental health, indicating their suitability for mental health-focused interventions. Regression models identified mental health, bodily pain, and physical functioning as the primary predictors of utility scores across MAUIs. Simulation results further highlighted that mental health interventions were best captured by AQoL-8D and HUI3, while EQ-5D and HUI3 were most sensitive to pain-focused interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The choice of MAUI significantly impacts observed HRQoL outcomes depending on the health domains most relevant to the intervention. This study underscores the need for careful instrument selection in HRQoL assessments to ensure alignment with specific health contexts. Future research should validate these sensitivity patterns across diverse populations and clinical applications to optimize MAUI selection in health economic evaluations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19770,"journal":{"name":"PharmacoEconomics Open","volume":" ","pages":"503-518"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13194834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Humanistic Burden of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis Liver Disease in the US Population: Age/Sex Stratified Analysis of Morbidity and Mortality.","authors":"Andrew H Briggs, Ziyi Lin, Daniel Aggio, Villum Wittrup-Jensen, Salvador Augustin, John Schneider, Andrew Lloyd","doi":"10.1007/s41669-025-00635-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41669-025-00635-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is defined by a buildup of fat in the liver and signs of inflammation and liver damage (fibrosis). Eventually, subjects with MASH may develop cirrhosis, leading to more serious consequences of decompensation, liver cancer, and liver failure. In this manuscript, a population-level burden-of-disease model for MASH in the USA is constructed that may form a novel framework to assess the value of new population-level diagnostic and treatment strategies for MASH as they emerge.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We develop an underlying model of MASH, similar to published models in literature, nested within a population model. Using this model, we estimate the likely incidence of MASH at the stage at which it is most indolent and difficult to detect through calibration techniques and published prevalence of later disease stages. We then present a graphical analysis of disease burden, including disaggregating this burden by age and sex, and into the relative contribution of morbidity and mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From the model, we realised that MASH has a higher burden if acquired earlier in life, and the decade in which burden is greatest for patients with MASH is dependent on the age at which they contracted the disease: aged < 40: eighth decade (ages 70-79 years) and aged > 40: ninth decade (80-89 years). The model also found that the burden was higher for women owing to their longevity. Similarly at the population level, the greatest burden of MASH is expected to fall in the 70-79-year-old age group (6.46 million years of quality-adjusted life-expectancy [QALE]) and the 60-69-year-old age band (5.49 million years of QALE). Approximately 19.34 million years of QALE are lost in the US population (334 million) over their lifetime.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The analysis shows that mortality is a greater burden than morbidity for MASH, and that owing to the insidious nature of the disease, burden is likely to be concentrated in the seventh to eighth decade of life (60-79-year-olds). The burden for females is higher than for males, without differential incidence, owing to women's longevity. The incidence of MASH is expected to rise owing to the increasing prevalence of obesity and diabetes in the population.</p>","PeriodicalId":19770,"journal":{"name":"PharmacoEconomics Open","volume":" ","pages":"531-541"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13194902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146158044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Value of Emerging and Existing Pre-prophylaxis and Therapeutic Options for COVID-19 in Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review of Economic Evaluations.","authors":"Alyssa Grant, Dima Kabbani, Andrew Vuong, Becky Skidmore, Amy T Hsu, Geetha Sanmugalingham, Rienk de Vries, Sherrie Logan, Patricia Gongal, Caroline C Piotrowski, Kednapa Thavorn","doi":"10.1007/s41669-026-00639-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41669-026-00639-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High-risk populations, including transplant recipients, are at increased risk of severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. Certain treatments and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) have been approved to reduce the risk of severe illness. However, data on the cost effectiveness of currently approved COVID-19 therapeutics and preventative treatments are limited for those at high-risk of severe disease.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to systematically review the cost effectiveness of COVID-19 treatments and PrEP in high-risk, immunocompromised, and transplant populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Electronic databases were searched from inception to September 2025 for studies comparing costs and effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies PrEP or COVID-19 therapeutics in high-risk, immunocompromised or transplant populations. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and critically appraised them using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for economic evaluations. Cost data are presented in 2025 US dollars.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 8905 studies identified, 60 met inclusion criteria, with seven focused on or including transplant populations. Most studies were cost-utility analyses published between 2020 and 2025. Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir, tixagevimab-cilgavimab, casirivimab-imdevimab, sotrovimab, remdesivir, molnupiravir, and fluvoxamine were compared with no prophylaxis or standard of care. Among transplant populations, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for tixagevimab-cilgavimab PrEP following vaccination was US$76,024 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY), while ICERs for COVID-19 therapeutics ranged from US$440 to US$126,676 per QALY.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cost effectiveness varied widely across studies due to differences in variant periods, population risk profiles, model assumptions, and healthcare systems. Future research should integrate variant-specific effectiveness, real-world vaccine responsiveness, long-term COVID-19 outcomes, and adverse events to better inform resource allocation for transplant and other high-risk populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19770,"journal":{"name":"PharmacoEconomics Open","volume":" ","pages":"423-455"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13194836/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146086758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valuing Maintenance of Visual Function in Retinitis Pigmentosa: A Discrete Choice Experiment with Patients and the General Public.","authors":"Kevin Marsh, Myrto Trapali, Mike Ingham, Silas Martin","doi":"10.1007/s41669-026-00638-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41669-026-00638-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a progressive and sight-threatening condition with few treatment options. Patients with RP experience variable progressive vision deterioration that can severely affect functioning. Currently, there is no published literature to indicate the preferences that patients with RP place on potential treatments. This study compared patient preferences to those of a sample from the general public.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online, discrete choice experiment (DCE) elicited preferences of a United States (US) sample for maintaining visual function-related activities of daily living (VF-ADL). The data were stratified by sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Participants completed best-/worst-choice tasks using predefined attributes and varying levels, including time to deterioration in mobility and ability to read associated with worsening visual function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 150 patients with RP and 301 public participants completed the DCE. By the age of 32-40 years, VF-ADL deteriorated substantially in patients versus public (81% vs 13% reported lower combined mobility/ability to read). Patients with RP placed the greatest value on ability to get around (relative attribute importance [RAI] 51%; standard error [SE] 3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] 45-58), whereas the public sample preferred ability to get information (RAI 48%; SE 4.7; 95% CI 39-57). Patients with RP placed less weight on extending life expectancy compared with public participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with RP demonstrated preferences in VF-ADL and life expectancy associated with deterioration in visual function and potential treatment benefits that differ from those of the public. Considering patient preferences is critical to understand disease burden and estimate the value of therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19770,"journal":{"name":"PharmacoEconomics Open","volume":" ","pages":"543-555"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13194841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146202420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Incremental Disease Burden (Healthcare Costs and Resources) of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy in the US: A Matched Cohort Analysis.","authors":"Mena Scavina, Nate Posner, Patricia Dorling, Anna Talaga, Anna Stachel, Jose Alvir","doi":"10.1007/s41669-026-00646-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41669-026-00646-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19770,"journal":{"name":"PharmacoEconomics Open","volume":" ","pages":"589"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13194851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147593743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Healthcare Costs of Metabolic Disorders Among Individuals with Schizophrenia Following Initiation of Oral Antipsychotic Therapy.","authors":"Joseph Tkacz, Alejandro Cajigal, Matthew Sidovar, Kathleen Wilson, Emma Pennington, Ilya Okunev, Kristin Gillard","doi":"10.1007/s41669-026-00647-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41669-026-00647-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objective: </strong>Metabolic disorders are prevalent among the schizophrenia population due to relatively poor access to healthcare, lifestyle factors, genetics, and metabolic side effects associated with antipsychotic treatment. This study evaluated the rate, timing, and costs associated with the onset of metabolic disorders among individuals with schizophrenia newly initiating oral antipsychotics (OAPs) from the perspective of United States (US) healthcare payers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Those eligible for inclusion in this retrospective administrative claims analysis met the following criteria between 1/1/2016 and 9/30/2023: (1) schizophrenia diagnosis, (2) ≥ 12 months of continuous enrollment preceding diagnosis, (3) an absence of OAPs during the 12 months preceding diagnosis, (4) at least two claims for OAPs during the 12 months following diagnosis, and (5) absence of diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, or metabolic syndrome any time preceding initiation of OAPs. During the variable-length post-schizophrenia diagnosis period, onset of metabolic disorders was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analyses. Individuals with metabolic disorders were then matched to non-metabolic disorder controls, and healthcare costs were evaluated during the 12 months following the first evidence of metabolic disorders or proxy index date.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 45,528 individuals with schizophrenia qualified for the study, and 34.7% developed metabolic disorders within 6 years after initiating OAPs. Compared to a matched cohort of individuals without metabolic disorders, individuals with a metabolic disorder incurred significantly greater all-cause annual healthcare costs (mean [standard deviation] in 2023 US dollars, $27,520 [$44,200] vs. $19,044 [$34,352]; p < 0.0001) during the 12-month post-index period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This analysis demonstrated that new onset of a metabolic disorder following OAP initiation was associated with higher healthcare costs from the perspective of US healthcare payers. Reduction of metabolic disorders may be key in reducing the economic burden of schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19770,"journal":{"name":"PharmacoEconomics Open","volume":" ","pages":"567-575"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13194814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147581463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Utilities Associated with Pneumococcal Diseases in Children and Adults: A Targeted Literature Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Min Huang, Hela Romdhani, Yan Song, Jipan Xie, Sanjana Sundaresan, Daisy Liu, Donna Rowen, Elamin H Elbasha, Salini Mohanty, Matthew S Kelly","doi":"10.1007/s41669-026-00644-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41669-026-00644-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pneumococcal disease and post-meningitis sequelae (PMS) impact health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, health utility estimates for these conditions vary considerably in the literature, which may affect the outcomes of economic evaluations.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim was to generate pooled estimates of quality-adjusted life year (QALY) decrements per episode for pneumococcal disease and pooled health state utility value (HSUV) estimates for PMS in children and adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Global targeted literature reviews were conducted in MEDLINE in June 2024 to identify original studies on the health utilities of pneumococcal disease and PMS. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted separately for children (< 18 years) and adults (≥ 18 years) to calculate pooled estimates of QALY decrements per episode for pneumococcal disease states and pooled HSUV estimates for PMS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 40 studies, published from 1993-2022, were included. Fifteen were conducted among children, 19 among adults, and six among both age groups. In children, the pooled QALY decrement estimates (95% confidence interval [CI]) per episode were 0.023 (0.017-0.030) for meningitis, 0.010 (0.003-0.017) for bacteremia/sepsis, 0.014 (0.002-0.026) for inpatient pneumonia, 0.010 (0.002-0.017) for outpatient pneumonia, 0.008 (0.003-0.013) for unspecified pneumonia, 0.005 (0.005-0.006) for recurrent/complex acute otitis media (AOM), and 0.003 (0.001-0.005) for simple AOM. The pooled HSUV estimates for PMS in children were 0.485 (0.322-0.649) for neurological deficits, 0.701 (0.563-0.839) for hearing loss, and 0.827 (0.713-0.941) for unspecified PMS. In adults, the pooled QALY decrement estimates per episode (95% CI) were 0.027 (0.018-0.036) for meningitis, 0.013 (0.000-0.027) for bacteremia/sepsis, 0.015 (0.008-0.021) for inpatient pneumonia, 0.007 (0.005-0.008) for outpatient pneumonia, and 0.009 (0.001-0.018) for unspecified pneumonia. The pooled HSUV estimates for PMS in adults were 0.556 (0.447-0.665) for neurological deficits, 0.700 (0.631-0.768) for hearing loss, and 0.778 (0.744-0.812) for unspecified PMS. Moderate to high heterogeneity levels were observed in most of the meta-analyses performed in this study.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pneumococcal disease and PMS substantially reduce HRQoL in children and adults, with the greatest impacts observed with meningitis, inpatient pneumonia, and bacteremia/sepsis. There is considerable variability in utility estimates across studies, likely driven by methodological differences. This analysis provides a comprehensive quantitative synthesis of QALY decrement estimates for pneumococcal disease states and HSUV estimates for PMS, improving our understanding of the HRQoL burden and potentially enhancing the comparability of future economic evaluations of pneumococcal vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":19770,"journal":{"name":"PharmacoEconomics Open","volume":" ","pages":"407-422"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13194832/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147593729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}