PharmacoEconomics Open最新文献

{"title":"Estimating Health State Utilities for IDH-Mutant Diffuse Glioma.","authors":"Ellen M Howard, Marc Massetti, Gin Nie Chua, Millie Gaydon, Sara Savar, Andrew Lloyd","doi":"10.1007/s41669-025-00603-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41669-025-00603-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant (mIDH) gliomas are malignant central nervous system tumours. After initial resection, patients with mIDH gliomas with favourable prognosis may live without receiving oncologic treatment for years, but ultimately patients will experience recurrence and require radio- and/or chemotherapy (RT/CT). Cost-utility analyses (CUA) can explore the value of treatments that delay recurrence and initiation of RT/CT. This study aimed to estimate health state utilities for mIDH glioma over the full disease course.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Vignettes were developed to describe states from post-initial resection with no immediate need for RT/CT through to RT/CT and palliative care after recurrence. These were developed on the basis of literature review, patient-reported outcomes data from a clinical trial and qualitative interviews with clinicians and patients. The health state vignettes were valued by members of the UK public using the EQ-5D-5L and time trade-off methods. Subsequently, the vignette-derived utilities were re-weighted with the utility data from a clinical trial to estimate health state utilities for CUA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Health state utilities were similar following the initial resection for targeted therapy or active observation (0.74) but lower in later stages of disease. Mean utilities for receiving first- and second-line RT/CT ranged from 0.34 to 0.55. Mean utilities ranged from 0.21 to 0.42 for recovery after tumour resection following recurrence and from -0.05 to 0.14 for palliative care.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study estimates health state utilities in glioma from after the initial resection through to palliative care and suggests that new treatments capable of delaying time to disease recurrence and initiation of RT/CT could produce a net gain in quality of life for individuals with mIDH glioma.</p>","PeriodicalId":19770,"journal":{"name":"PharmacoEconomics Open","volume":" ","pages":"973-984"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12559505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Potential Gaps in Care for Patients with Higher-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes in a Large US Health System.","authors":"Kristin J Moore, Nicole M Engel-Nitz, Peter McMahon, Jason Beal, Teraneh Z Jhaveri, Mellissa Williamson, Kate Andrade, Christina Steiger, Cosmina Hogea","doi":"10.1007/s41669-025-00600-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41669-025-00600-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (HR-MDS) may be difficult to diagnose because patients present with nonspecific signs and symptoms. This can prolong diagnosis, even though disease progression can occur quickly in HR-MDS.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study identified places along the care journey where there are gaps in care in the identification, testing, diagnosis, and treatment of insured US patients with HR-MDS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study utilized nationally representative US administrative claims and linked socioeconomic and social determinants of health (SDoH) data to characterize newly diagnosed patients with HR-MDS between 1 January 2017 and 30 April 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 1710 patients, of which a large proportion experienced some level of unmet need for modifiable SDoH characteristics. The median time between first sign or symptom and HR-MDS diagnosis was nearly the full look-back period of 12 months. Fewer than half of the patients received guideline-recommended treatment. Few patients had clinical trial participation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Opportunities to improve care include designing programs that support SDoH needs of patients (such as transportation access or social isolation), shortening the time between initial signs or symptoms and diagnosis and improving access to clinical trial participation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19770,"journal":{"name":"PharmacoEconomics Open","volume":" ","pages":"985-996"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12559494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144963957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Economic and Clinical Impact of Recurring Automated Red Blood Cell Exchange to Manage Sickle Cell Disease in the UK.","authors":"Sarah M Medland, Jamie Bainbridge, Matthew Cawson, Stuart J Mealing, Anna Yudina, Isabel Eastwood, Arne de Kreuk, Martin Besser, Eva Tsouana","doi":"10.1007/s41669-025-00605-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41669-025-00605-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objective: </strong>Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of inherited health conditions affecting 7.74 million people worldwide. Regular automated red blood cell exchange (aRBCX) transfusions have been shown to improve control and management of SCD compared with manual RBCX (mRBCX). The aim of this study was to estimate the lifetime clinical and economic impact of aRBCX versus mRBCX in two United Kingdom-based populations with SCD (paediatrics initiated aged 5 years and adults initiated aged 38 years) that were clinically indicated for chronic disease-modifying transfusions (DMTs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An individual patient-level simulation model was developed to estimate lifetime quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and healthcare costs. DMT administration programmes aligned with recommended treatment schedules. Monte Carlo methods determined baseline characteristics and clinical event occurrence. Pragmatic review findings and expert opinion informed model parameters and assumptions. Second-order probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) was performed for 1000 individuals' lifetimes over 500 iterations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Per individual, aRBCX reduced acute clinical events by 19% in both populations versus mRBCX. The time spent receiving chelation therapy reduced by 63 and 32 months for paediatric-initiated and adult-initiated individuals, respectively. Total lifetime DMT costs were reduced by £71,217 and £30,740 for paediatric-initiated and adult-initiated individuals, respectively. Overall, aRBCX increased QALYs and reduced costs by 0.29 and £112,811 in paediatric-initiated individuals and 0.24 and £61,895 in adult-initiated individuals. aRBCX was cost-effective in 100% of PSA iterations for both populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>aRBCX shows potential to improve health outcomes and reduce healthcare costs for individuals with SCD initiating a chronic DMT programme.</p>","PeriodicalId":19770,"journal":{"name":"PharmacoEconomics Open","volume":" ","pages":"947-958"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12559512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145252282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Willingness to Pay for Improved Quality of Services from Informal Health Providers in Urban Slums in Nigeria.","authors":"Obinna Onwujekwe, Godwin Uche Ezema, Chukwudi Nwokolo, Chinyere Ojiugo Mbachu","doi":"10.1007/s41669-025-00597-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41669-025-00597-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The shortage of formal healthcare providers in urban slums has resulted in the widespread presence of untrained informal healthcare providers (IHPs), who often deliver low-quality services. Integrating these IHPs into the formal healthcare system through capacity-building initiatives could enhance the quality of services offered to clients. However, this may lead to an increase in healthcare costs, which would be passed on to the clients. This paper provides new evidence on the level of households' willingness to pay (WTP) for improved quality of services from IHPs that will be occasioned by linking IHPs to the formal health system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The levels of consumers' WTP for linking IHPs to the formal health system for improved quality of services was elicited using the contingent valuation method (CVM) in eight slums from two states in southeast Nigeria, namely Anambra and Enugu. A pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to elicit WTP from 1025 randomly selected households from the slums. Data were analyzed using R and Stata software. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed. Theoretical validity of WTP was analyzed using both multiple logistic and Tobit regression analyses at 95% confidence level.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Findings showed that 64.5% of households were willing to make a one-off payment for linkages that will ensure improved quality of services from IHPs. The mean willingness-to-pay amount was Nigerian naira (₦)1353 (US $2.08), and 27.1% of the households were willing to pay ≥ ₦1353 ($2.08). Higher asset index and socioeconomic status were positively associated with willingness to pay for improved quality of health services. Each unit increase in asset index was associated with a 28% increase in the odds of willingness to pay (odds ratio (OR) 1.28; p < 0.001), while each unit increase in socioeconomic status score was associated with an 86% increase in the odds of willingness to pay (OR 1.86; p < 0.001). Compared with households that usually seek care from formal providers, those that usually seek care from informal providers (OR 0.4; p = 0.01) and those that usually seek care from both provider types (OR 0.34; p = 0.01) were significantly less likely to express willingness to pay for improved quality of health services.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The level of WTP for linking IHPs with the formal health system is an indication that a considerable proportion of urban slum dwellers desire to have better quality of services and are willing to support interventions that can be used to actualize the linkages. Hence, such interventions would be acceptable to slum dwellers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19770,"journal":{"name":"PharmacoEconomics Open","volume":" ","pages":"917-929"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12559521/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144964046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Budget Impact Model of Treatment of Primary Immune Deficiency with Immune Globulin Subcutaneous (Human), 20% (IgPro20) (Hizentra).","authors":"Rajiv Mallick, Rashad Carlton","doi":"10.1007/s41669-025-00594-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41669-025-00594-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Primary immune deficiency (PID) comprises over 400 inborn errors of immunity. Immune globulin replacement therapy (IGRT) is the standard of care for many PID subtypes. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is the historic standard of care, but subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) offers several advantages for IGRT. Further, a novel pre-filled syringe (PFS) drug packaging form of SCIG is expected to facilitate more efficient patient infusions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to quantify the projected budget impact associated with adding the IgPro20 PFS as an SCIG drug packaging option to a health plan formulary for the treatment of PID.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A budget impact model (BIM) was developed across the United States (US) integrated delivery networks (IDNs)' perspective over a 3-year time horizon to quantify the projected budget impact of adding the IgPro20 PFS as an SCIG packaging option for the treatment of PID. Model comparators included six IVIGs and seven SCIGs. A one-way sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the impact of model parameters on the budget impact. Scenario analyses of alternative market share shifts and pricing were conducted to test the robustness of the model results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From the perspective of an IDN with 25 million members, the average annual expected cost per PID patient was US$73,343 for IgPro20 vials w/pump, US$60,892 for IgPro20 PFS w/pump, US$72,179 for IVIG, and US$96,581 for other SCIGs. Assuming market share uptake of 6.0% in the first year for IgPro20 PFS w/pump, rising to 8.4% by year 3, and offset by corresponding proportionate reductions in shares of the non-PFS SCIG IgPro20 vials w/pump only, the expected incremental budget impact over the 3-year horizon was savings of US$10.5 million.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This BIM demonstrates that uptake of subcutaneous IgPro20 PFS is expected to be associated with substantial savings for a US IDN, including drug cost savings if offset by reduced non-PFS SCIG-packaging use.</p>","PeriodicalId":19770,"journal":{"name":"PharmacoEconomics Open","volume":" ","pages":"997-1008"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12559529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145081168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment (as Prevention) Availability and Individuals' Behavior: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Cabotegravir Long-Acting Injectable PrEP.","authors":"J Felipe Montano-Campos, Blythe Adamson","doi":"10.1007/s41669-025-00599-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41669-025-00599-7","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved long-acting injectable agents for preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. These agents are urgently required to enhance both the available options and the efficacy in HIV prevention. Long-acting PrEP treatments offer a less frequent and more discreet alternative, potentially preferred by many individuals. These treatments address adherence issues commonly associated with traditional PrEP regimens and can provide increased effectiveness. Consequently, these benefits might alter individuals' risk perceptions, potentially influencing their behaviors, such as changes in condom use and the number of sexual partners. Such behavioral shifts can affect the treatment's overall value, encompassing its costs and benefits.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This paper aims to model this endogenous behavior concerning the availability of long-acting PrEP. Using this model, we then conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing long-acting PrEP (cabotegravir) with the standard daily oral pill treatment (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine [TDF/FTC], branded as Truvada).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We developed a conceptual framework using evolutionary game theory to model endogenous behavioral responses to long-acting PrEP among US-based individuals at an elevated risk for HIV, specifically cisgender men who have sex with men and transgender women. We defined two theoretical strategies-protective (P) and nonprotective (NP)-reflecting distinct behavioral responses in terms of condom use and number of sexual partners. These two behavioral groups were integrated as separate populations in a Markov health-state transition model. While the Markov model remains consistent across both populations, certain parameters vary to reflect the behavioral impacts on economic and health outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The endogenous model offers a stylized representation of how behavioral responses to long-acting PrEP may shape population distribution across two behavioral strategy types. Notably, if the entire population is protective, the long-acting PrEP is less likely to be cost-effective at US$109,769 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. In contrast, if everyone is nonprotective, the treatment is highly cost-effective at US$54,536 per QALY gained. Using a conservative estimate, where the population is evenly split between protective and nonprotective, the treatment is deemed cost-effective at US$85,152 per QALY gained. It is observed that the incremental costs of the long-acting PrEP, when compared with traditional PrEP, are marginally higher for the protective group than the nonprotective group. This is attributed to the lower mortality in the protective subgroup for both PrEP types, which results in higher overall costs due to increased survival rates. Despite a smaller population size at the end of the simulation,","PeriodicalId":19770,"journal":{"name":"PharmacoEconomics Open","volume":" ","pages":"931-946"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12559516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144822195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health and Economic Burden of Rabies in Northwest Ethiopia.","authors":"Workneh Wondimagegn Azalu, Wudu Temesgen Jemberu, Bihonegn Wodajnew Taye, Wassie Molla Abebe, Sefinew Alemu Mekonnen","doi":"10.1007/s41669-025-00601-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41669-025-00601-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rabies remains a significant threat to both public health and economic stability across many developing countries. The challenge of effectively managing and preventing rabies is compounded by insufficient quantitative data regarding its financial and health consequences. Despite Ethiopia being one of the most-affected countries in the world, data on the public health and economic burden of rabies are limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This research aimed to quantify both the health and economic burden of rabies in northwest Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Follow-up and recording of potential rabies cases were conducted for 18 months in seven districts of northwest Ethiopia. Data were collected from potential rabies cases using a pre-planned checklist. The health and economic burden were quantified using deterministic models. The study primarily adopted a household/patient perspective, focusing on the direct financial burdens faced by individuals and families.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the follow-up period, approximately 353 individuals were recorded as rabies victims. Among them, 126 households with suspected rabies cases were treated with traditional medicine, while 60 individuals from 59 households received post-exposure prophylaxis. The annual premature death rate due to rabies was estimated to be 3.14 per 100,000 population. The annual years of life lost due to premature death was estimated to be 90.69 per 100,000 population. Years lived with disability due to rabies illness, disability due to post-exposure vaccine, and traditional treatment were estimated to be 0.68 per 100,000 population. The annual health burden of rabies was estimated to be 91.34 disability-adjusted life years per 100,000 people. The total cost for rabies control measures in humans was estimated to be United States (US) $11,474.66. On average, each household spent US $40.55 on post-exposure prophylaxis, with an annual cost of US $27.03 per household. Regarding livestock, the losses due to rabies were estimated to be US $29,599.85 annually, which translates to an approximate loss of US $274.07 per household per year.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings emphasise the need for targeted interventions to mitigate rabies' disproportionate impact on vulnerable communities, aligning with global efforts to eliminate the disease by 2030. A One Health approach that integrates rabies control in human and animal health is suggested.</p>","PeriodicalId":19770,"journal":{"name":"PharmacoEconomics Open","volume":" ","pages":"959-971"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12559520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144963964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of Lifetime Costs Among Insured Persons with HIV in the United States.","authors":"Joshua P Cohen, Vamshi Ruthwik Anupindi, Riddhi Doshi, Jason Yeaw, Xiaoyu Zhou, Mary J Christoph, Megan Chen, Paresh Chaudhari, Cassidy Trom, Woodie Zachry","doi":"10.1007/s41669-025-00584-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41669-025-00584-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objective: </strong>With recent advances in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) management and prevention, it is critical to understand the lifetime costs (LTC) of HIV. The objective of the study was to evaluate all-cause LTC, annual costs and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) among persons with HIV (PWH) versus a matched non-HIV cohort in the United States (US).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational study included persons (≥ 18 years) with an HIV diagnosis, antiretroviral treatment (ART), and continuous enrollment (CE) within each year (2018-2023) in the PWH cohort, and with no HIV diagnosis/ART and CE in the non-HIV cohort, identified using a US commercial claims database (IQVIA PharMetrics^® Plus). Cohorts were matched 1:3 on age, sex, geographic region, and health plan. Undiscounted LTC, discounted LTC (95% confidence interval [CI]) and annual costs were computed in 2022 US dollars (USD) for ages 18-75 years. Annual inpatient, outpatient, emergency room, and outpatient pharmacy utilization and costs were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Person counts ranged from 45,465 to 54,530 in the PWH cohort and 136,395 to 163,590 in the non-HIV cohort from 2018 to 2023. Mean undiscounted LTC were $2,895,020 (CI 2,847,453-2,947,867) and $482,522 (CI 453,114-513,44) for PWH and non-HIV cohorts, respectively, with an incremental cost difference of $2,412,498 (CI 2,354,674-2,474,024). Mean discounted LTC were $1,299,210 (CI 1,279,397-1,321,458) and $181,481 (CI 169,392-194,036) for PWH and non-HIV cohorts, respectively, with an incremental cost difference of $1,117,729 (CI 1,093,606-1,143,350). Mean annual total costs were six to seven times higher among PWH than the non-HIV cohort each year; with higher costs among older persons. HCRU was higher among PWH.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among a sample of primarily commercially insured US adults, HIV conferred an estimated incremental LTC difference of over $2.4 million (undiscounted) and $1.1 million (discounted), with annual costs being six to seven times higher for PWH compared to non-HIV persons.</p>","PeriodicalId":19770,"journal":{"name":"PharmacoEconomics Open","volume":" ","pages":"869-886"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12559537/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Cost-Effectiveness of Vedolizumab as a First-Line Advanced Therapy Versus Adalimumab Treatment Sequences for Ulcerative Colitis in Italy.","authors":"Jonathan Salcedo, Daniel Hill-McManus, Chloë Hardern, Oyin Opeifa, Raffaella Viti, Ludovica Siviero, Antonio Saverio Roscini, Gennaro Di Martino","doi":"10.1007/s41669-025-00596-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41669-025-00596-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19770,"journal":{"name":"PharmacoEconomics Open","volume":" ","pages":"1009"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12559514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144883402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carer Health-Related Quality of Life: A Review of Modelling Considerations in National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Technology Appraisals (2000-2023).","authors":"Charlotte Ahmadu, Elise Evers, Johanna Lister, Frank X Liu, Oliver Darlington","doi":"10.1007/s41669-025-00611-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41669-025-00611-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Carer health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is increasingly used to support health technology assessments conducted by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Modelling approaches and underlying rationales considered in NICE appraisals before the publication of the 'Spillovers in Health Economic Evaluation and Research' guidance were reviewed, alongside committee feedback and stated preferences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The NICE website ( www.nice.org.uk ) was searched for final appraisal determinations (FADs) from 2000 to August 2023 that considered carer HRQoL. FADs were reviewed for an expression of whether carer HRQoL data were considered qualitatively (without formal economic modelling) or quantitatively (incorporated into cost-utility analyses) in decision-making. All related committee papers were retrieved for eligible submissions. Modelling approaches used were extracted as well as sources of carer HRQoL and reasons for including or excluding carer HRQoL from decision-making.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NICE considered carer HRQoL data (sourced from observational studies, surveys, vignettes and clinical trials) for decision-making in 90% (44/49) of appraisals submitting such data (82% were considered quantitatively); carer HRQoL data were considered for decision-making in all appraisals involving rare diseases and paediatric populations. Three approaches (additive carer disutility [used in 90% of identified appraisals], additive carer utility [14%] and absolute carer utility [2%]) and two adjustments (application of carer/patient age/utility cap [20%] and carer/family bereavement [10%]) were identified for incorporating carer HRQoL. There was considerable variation in the implementation of these methods/adjustments.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review of NICE appraisals identified three key methodologies and two adjustments for including carer HRQoL; the additive carer disutility approach was the most frequently used.</p>","PeriodicalId":19770,"journal":{"name":"PharmacoEconomics Open","volume":" ","pages":"903-915"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12559481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145275513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}