{"title":"Rebuilding Romulus’ Senate","authors":"A. Pettinger","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190901400.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190901400.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"In 18 BCE the ancient procedure for revising Senate membership, the lectio senatus, was radically changed. Thirty specially chosen senators were to nominate five individuals, with one of the five chosen by lot to become a senator; these thirty would in turn nominate five individuals. In this way, a Senate of perhaps 850 was to be reduced to its ancient size of 300. But a Senate of 300 never emerged, with 600 eventually chosen by Augustus himself amid acrimony and threats. Moreover, Augustus, trumped by Antistius Labeo’s legal auctoritas, was unable to exclude his rival Lepidus from the new Senate. By examining the lectio process and seeking to recover the legal minds behind it, this chapter shows that in 18 BCE Augustus’ hold of the res publica was not absolute, and that others, who did not know the future, had something meaningful to say about the shape of their political life.","PeriodicalId":197622,"journal":{"name":"The Alternative Augustan Age","volume":"170 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116097437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Saecular Discourse","authors":"P. Hay","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190901400.003.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190901400.003.0014","url":null,"abstract":"Even during Augustus’ own lifetime, it was possible to speak of an “Age of Augustus.” This concept emerged from an earlier tradition of qualitative periodization, the applications of which already extended beyond political promotion. Beginning during Sulla’s ascendancy, and continuing throughout the first century BCE, Roman intellectuals divided time into discrete units marked by characteristic qualities, a form of periodization that inherently narrativized history. The potential of this “saecular discourse” for sophisticated thought and description contributed to its growing importance throughout the century, linking disparate intellectual fields during this period of Roman cultural “revolution.” This chapter examines how the concept of the “Augustan saeculum” and the rhetoric of an Augustus-led return to the aurea saecula appeared alongside unrelated saecular discourse on medicine and literature, thus competing with (rather than dominating) these alternative saecular histories.","PeriodicalId":197622,"journal":{"name":"The Alternative Augustan Age","volume":"380 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134009698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"C. Asinius Pollio and the Politics of Cosmopolitanism","authors":"Joel Allen","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190901400.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190901400.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the activities of Gaius Asinius Pollio in building a cosmopolitan, intellectual community in Rome in the course of the late 40s and 30s BCE. Pollio’s reimagination of the Atrium Libertatis as a museum and center of research and performance served to elide cultural and imperial concerns. The institution effectively forged a network of high-profile scholars and students from the Hellenistic East, with Pollio as their patron. These included the reactionary historian Timagenes of Alexandria and the heirs of kingdoms in Judaea and North Africa. Such endeavors were inherently political in nature and constituted an ambitious assertion of primacy at a time when no forerunning princeps yet existed—a phenomenon reflected in Vergil’s evocation of Pollio in the Fourth Eclogue.","PeriodicalId":197622,"journal":{"name":"The Alternative Augustan Age","volume":"352 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133819023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Reputation of L. Munatius Plancus and the Idea of “Serving the Times”","authors":"Hannah Mitchell","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190901400.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190901400.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"The evaluation of the career of L. Munatius Plancus has been inextricably bound up with the idea of “serving the times”—a phrase which Cicero once used in reference to him. But was survival through various political vicissitudes the chief virtue or achievement of Plancus? Did he see it that way? By putting Plancus back at the center of his own story, this chapter explores how his reputation was constructed in a complex process of competition and in-fighting with his contemporaries, as his peers critiqued his actions and he tried to defend and glorify them. Unpacking Plancus’ negative reputation ultimately proves to be an important part of reconstructing not only his career, but also the political discourse of the period.","PeriodicalId":197622,"journal":{"name":"The Alternative Augustan Age","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126250397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"For Rome or for Augustus?","authors":"C. Lange","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190901400.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190901400.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"The greatest honor and the grandest spectacle Rome could bestow on a military commander was the glory of celebrating a triumph. In the period 29–19 BCE eight people who were not related to Augustus triumphed. L. Balbus proved to be the very last commander to do so. Accordingly, the Fasti Triumphales concludes with the name of a man whose uncle, L. Balbus (maior), was a native of Spain who became the first foreigner to be made consul. This chapter reflects on who these eight victors were and how they chose to celebrate their own victories, a task hampered by the fact that much of our evidence centers on Augustus himself, chiefly Cassius Dio, our main historical narrative source. Was it possible for these men to create their own triumphal history, to personalize their celebration and triumphal afterlife, or did their success end up becoming part of the Augustan ideology?","PeriodicalId":197622,"journal":{"name":"The Alternative Augustan Age","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131347187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"African Alternatives","authors":"Josiah Osgood","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190901400.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190901400.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores Africa, the province that Augustus never visited, and how its historical associations, as well as natural resources, empowered Augustus’ contemporaries. In the civil wars of the 40s, Africa emerged as a major base of resistance, first to Julius Caesar, then to the triumvirs. Memories of the Punic Wars, in which Africa and Italy dueled for control of the Mediterranean world, were reawakened and informed the actions of commanders. A legacy of the civil wars was the opening up of new opportunities for Romans in Africa. Governors, including T. Statilius Taurus and L. Cornelius Balbus, used it to elevate their profiles. Vergil added to the mystique of Africa, making it a uniquely dangerous rival to (Roman) Italy and closely associated with Rome’s imperial destiny. Late in Augustus’ principate, Africa supplied senators with wealth, unique chances for military honors, and opportunities to initiate their sons in traditional martial culture.","PeriodicalId":197622,"journal":{"name":"The Alternative Augustan Age","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116598359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Alternative Augustan Age","authors":"K. Morrell, Josiah Osgood, Kathryn Welch","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190901400.001.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190901400.001.0001","url":null,"abstract":"“The Augustan Age” is a dominant term in historical, literary, and cultural scholarship, not to mention teaching. This introductory chapter highlights some of the limitations of thinking of a period of many decades and constant change in terms of a single “Augustan age.” It makes the case for looking beyond conventional “key dates” and the figure of Augustus himself to recover the alternative contemporary perspectives and processes of negotiation and compromise. Doing so (as the following chapters demonstrate) reveals the resilience of Roman (republican) culture and the extent to which individuals other than Augustus were able to shape the Augustan principate.","PeriodicalId":197622,"journal":{"name":"The Alternative Augustan Age","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126321506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Maecenas and the Augustan Poets","authors":"Philippe Le Doze","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190901400.003.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190901400.003.0015","url":null,"abstract":"Attending to the historical and cultural background behind the desire to promote Latin literature allows us to interpret the partnership between Maecenas and the so-called Augustan poets without recourse to traditional notions of poets as instruments. This chapter argues that the poets’ activities, at once cultural and civic, were influenced by a philosophy of history of which Polybius, Cicero, and (in the Augustan age) Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus were exponents. The poets were also encouraged by a new idea, largely initiated by Cicero and supported by Athenodorus in the entourage of Augustus, that one could benefit one’s homeland not only through politics but also through writing. Maximum effectiveness, however, required the authority to be heard at the highest level of the state. In this context, Maecenas’ patronage was a weighty asset. His proximity to the princeps and his auctoritas allowed the poets a real freedom of speech.","PeriodicalId":197622,"journal":{"name":"The Alternative Augustan Age","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133760265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Popular Reception of Augustus and the Self-Infantilization of Rome’s Citizenry","authors":"T. Hillard","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190901400.003.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190901400.003.0019","url":null,"abstract":"Suetonius reports that the acclamation of Augustus as pater patriae in 2 BCE was popular—and widespread. It was desired by all (universi). He then registers the different sectors of the community that persisted in pushing this honor upon the princeps, from the Plebs to the ordo senatorius. Epigraphic evidence (as well as Ovid) adds the ordo equester. Suetonius also emphasizes the spontaneity of the moment, although Augustus had for a long time been awarded the title unofficially. This chapter contemplates the serious ramifications of a Roman citizen hailing another as “Father,” given the extraordinary aspects of Roman fatherhood. It explores the extent to which the language of infancy and youth was the language of diminution and even servitude. Assuredly the gesture in 2 BCE was in a large degree symbolic, but the gravity of the symbolism must not be underestimated. It represented a certain abjuration of autonomy.","PeriodicalId":197622,"journal":{"name":"The Alternative Augustan Age","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134180772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：