{"title":"The Rise of the Centumviral Court in the Augustan Age","authors":"M. Roller","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190901400.003.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190901400.003.0017","url":null,"abstract":"Scholars rightly hold that the restoration of social and political order under Augustus involved restricting certain long-standing arenas of aristocratic competition. Less well known is that aristocrats generated new arenas of competition to fill the lacuna. This chapter examines the centumviral court, a civil court with jurisdiction over wills and succession matters. Virtually invisible in Cicero’s day, when the criminal courts reigned supreme, it emerged in the Augustan age as an important venue for aristocratic competition. This rise in status can be attributed to its continuing to offer large juries and large crowds (assisted by its installation in the refurbished Basilica Julia) even as the criminal courts lost prominence. Other new arenas for competitive eloquence (declamation, recitation, forensic oratory before the Senate or emperor) involved smaller, select audiences. The centumviral court therefore became ever more attractive to aristocratic orators aspiring to public visibility in the early principate.","PeriodicalId":197622,"journal":{"name":"The Alternative Augustan Age","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127519490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Do You Solve a Problem Like Marcus Agrippa?","authors":"James. Tan","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190901400.003.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190901400.003.0012","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter offers a reconsideration of Agrippa, usually seen as the “right-hand man” of Augustus. Traditional republican culture demanded that a victor of Agrippa’s accomplishments had to earn the highest stature, but only the most extraordinary honors could reflect Agrippa’s achievements. Much like Cn. Pompeius Magnus before him, he embraced this path, advertising his exceptionalism by declining conventional honors and pursuing extraordinary ones, yet also ostentatiously avoiding the sort of solipsistic ambition that had led to civil war in the past. The promotion of Agrippa to someone of unprecedented excellence also worked well for Augustus. By elevating the independent status of his partner, he increased the value of Agrippa’s endorsement of the status quo.","PeriodicalId":197622,"journal":{"name":"The Alternative Augustan Age","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115081250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"At Magnus Caesar, and Yet!","authors":"W. Eck","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190901400.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190901400.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely held that Augustus forcefully (and mostly successfully) exerted his power within the Roman sphere of influence, especially at Rome. There are grounds to support this; however, this fundamental view all too easily conceals a contrary perspective. Indeed, Augustus repeatedly met with considerable resistance which is mostly only hinted at in the sources but occasionally appears clearly. Resistance came partly from the Senate, but, in other cases, from the majority of Roman citizens, who opposed his plans. Thus Augustus was often forced to shelve these plans for years, or to change them. As this chapter shows, one striking example can be found in the so-called marriage laws; another is the lex Iulia de vicesima hereditatium. Especially important is a new document: a commentarius from the year AD 5 which formed the basis of the later lex Papia Poppaea reveals massive opposition that was successful for many years.","PeriodicalId":197622,"journal":{"name":"The Alternative Augustan Age","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130041643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inventing the Imperial Senate","authors":"A. Russell","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190901400.003.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190901400.003.0020","url":null,"abstract":"The Senate under Augustus was a strikingly different institution from the one known from Cicero. It became one of the pillars of the regime, allowing Augustus to lay claim to a rhetoric of continuity and legitimacy he could not have achieved in any other way. But there was a fundamental change in the way senators themselves saw their role, and the relationship Rome’s political, economic, and social elite had to senatorhood more broadly. This chapter explores how the Senate itself became largely cooperative rather than competitive, and developed a new corporate personality. This shift fed into many of Augustus’ own goals, but it also represented a rational response by the senators to their new reality.","PeriodicalId":197622,"journal":{"name":"The Alternative Augustan Age","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121552744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Shields of Virtue(s)","authors":"Kathryn Welch","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190901400.003.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190901400.003.0018","url":null,"abstract":"In 27 BCE, the Senate and People of Rome awarded Augustus a golden shield (clupeus) celebrating his moral qualities. In his Res Gestae, Augustus associated the shield with the almost-contemporary award of the corona civica, even though a different entity (the SPQR) awarded it and it was designed for a different setting (the curia). A copy of the shield from Arles, dated to 26 BCE, indicates that he also adjusted the dedicatory inscription, smoothing over the exclusion of familial pietas from the list. In specifying duty toward the community instead, the senators wanted to convey their own message of what Augustus’ principatus should look like. Only later was the clupeus associated with the more monarchical princeps-as-savior message of the corona civica.","PeriodicalId":197622,"journal":{"name":"The Alternative Augustan Age","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130402073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gauls on Top","authors":"Geraldine Herbert-Brown","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190901400.003.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190901400.003.0016","url":null,"abstract":"Of the select scenes encapsulating Roman history on Vergil’s shield of Aeneas (Aen. 8.652–62), it is the Gallic siege of the Capitol which presents the greatest difficulty for Vergilians wishing to accommodate it to any detailed scheme. As a result, it has become scholarly commonplace to consult the history of Livy as an aid to interpreting Vergil, and to reach a conclusion based upon it. This chapter aims to show that interpreting Vergil through Livy is a flawed approach. It analyzes Vergil’s Gallic siege independently of Livy, considers the ramifications for interpreting the shield as a whole, and offers an alternative vantage point from which to contemplate the Aeneid and the early Augustan period which produced it.","PeriodicalId":197622,"journal":{"name":"The Alternative Augustan Age","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125792407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hopes and Aspirations","authors":"E. Cowan","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190901400.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190901400.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter concentrates on the idea of alternatives by examining the negotiations between Imperator Caesar and his community that took place in 28–27 BCE in the wake of his return to Rome after the battles at Actium and Alexandria. It focuses particularly on the proclamation of a restoration of leges et iura in 28 BCE and the relationship between this claim and a potential subsequent claim that res publica had been restored. The publication by Rich and Williams (1999) of an important aureus drew attention to the prevalence of the expression leges et iura in the literature of these and the preceding years. This chapter sets out the current state of scholarly thinking about these issues. It also explores the ramifications of some alternative readings of the well-known evidence for the experimentation with the phrase res publica that took place during the lifetimes of Augustus and Tiberius.","PeriodicalId":197622,"journal":{"name":"The Alternative Augustan Age","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133314036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Augustus as Magpie","authors":"K. Morrell","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190901400.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190901400.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines some instances where Augustan initiatives seem to have adapted or continued republican reforms and experiments. A well-known example is Augustus’ “revival” of the lex Pompeia de provinciis of 52, which required a five-year interval between civic magistracy and provincial command. This measure tends to be interpreted as a means of securing Augustus’ power while maintaining a veil of republicanism; this chapter argues that it shared the purpose as well as the mechanism of its Pompeian predecessor, namely to combat corruption in Rome and the provinces. Other examples, including changes to judiciary procedure, anti-bribery measures, and arrangements for the oversight of the treasury, suggest that Augustus took inspiration not only from Pompeius Magnus but even from the younger Cato. Recognizing these connections between republican and Augustan initiatives sheds light both on the continuities between Republic and principate, and on the aims and achievements of republican reformers.","PeriodicalId":197622,"journal":{"name":"The Alternative Augustan Age","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115273121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acting “Republican” under Augustus","authors":"Megan Goldman-Petri","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190901400.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190901400.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"A long-standing republican institution, the mint at Rome, had been inactive for two decades before Augustus revived it. The precious metal coinage it produced from 19 BCE has been understood as a symbol of the tension between the ambition of individual Roman aristocrats and the ideological program of the Augustan principate. C. Antistius Vetus and C. Antistius Reginus are regarded as the last moneyers to pursue traditional strategies of gentilician promotion. Through an examination of their coin types, this chapter challenges scholarly views of the relationship between “republican” and “Augustan” image making. Rather than treating these modes as a binary, it considers the ways in which images of Augustus could serve “republican” ends and how aristocratic self-interest could give rise to “Augustan” images.","PeriodicalId":197622,"journal":{"name":"The Alternative Augustan Age","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122832561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Egyptian Victories","authors":"W. Havener","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190901400.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190901400.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"The first princeps placed the newly conquered province of Egypt not under a senatorial governor but an equestrian prefect. This constituted a precedent in various respects. Being a new form of provincial administration, the prefecture offered its holders ample opportunity to distinguish themselves, not least in the field of military glory. This chapter addresses the questions of how the first praefecti, C. Cornelius Gallus, L. Aelius Gallus, and P. Petronius, exploited these opportunities and how their efforts were perceived by the princeps and the members of the senatorial elite. The praefectura provides an excellent case study to analyze the mechanisms underlying the development of a new elite in the Augustan era, as well as the ambitions and limitations of its individual members.","PeriodicalId":197622,"journal":{"name":"The Alternative Augustan Age","volume":"198 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133851685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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