OSA ContinuumPub Date : 2021-06-11DOI: 10.1364/OSAC.420479
Ata Chizari, Tom Knop, Wilson Tsong, Sven Schwieters, W. Steenbergen
{"title":"Influence of wavefront types on movement artefacts in handheld laser speckle contrast perfusion imaging","authors":"Ata Chizari, Tom Knop, Wilson Tsong, Sven Schwieters, W. Steenbergen","doi":"10.1364/OSAC.420479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OSAC.420479","url":null,"abstract":"Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is a non-invasive and affordable technique to visualize skin perfusion. Handheld use of the system facilitates measurements on various skin areas in a flexible manner. However, movement artefacts caused by handheld operation or test subject movements hamper its performance. In this work, we study the influence of the laser beam type in handheld-LSCI by evaluating the speckle contrast on static objects for beams with planar, spherical or scrambled wavefronts, and for movement artefacts caused by tilting or translation of wavefronts. We show that the scrambled waves made by often-used engineered diffusers lead to significantly larger movement artefacts than planar or spherical waves.","PeriodicalId":19750,"journal":{"name":"OSA Continuum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43114885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OSA ContinuumPub Date : 2021-05-26DOI: 10.1364/OSAC.444102
Vitaly Wirthl, C. Panda, P. Hess, G. Gabrielse
{"title":"Simple Self-calibrating Polarimeter forMeasuring the Stokes Parameters of Light","authors":"Vitaly Wirthl, C. Panda, P. Hess, G. Gabrielse","doi":"10.1364/OSAC.444102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OSAC.444102","url":null,"abstract":"A simple, self-calibrating, rotating-waveplate polarimeter is largely insensitive to light intensity fluctuations and is shown to be useful for determining the Stokes parameters of light. This study shows how to minimize the in situ self-calibration time, the measurement time and the measurement uncertainty. The suggested methods are applied to measurements of spatial variations in the linear and circular polarizations of laser light passing through glass plates with a laser intensity dependent birefringence. These are crucial measurements for the ACME electron electric dipole measurements, requiring accuracies in circular and linear polarization fraction of about 0.1% and 0.4%, with laser intensities up to 100 $text{mW/mm}^2$ incident into the polarimeter.","PeriodicalId":19750,"journal":{"name":"OSA Continuum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47603685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OSA ContinuumPub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1364/OSAC.423499
Yan Wang, Yizhou Liu, Zhigang Zhang, F. Kaertner
{"title":"Amplification of 108 GHz repetition rate femtosecond laser pulses to 97 W average power by a fiber amplifier","authors":"Yan Wang, Yizhou Liu, Zhigang Zhang, F. Kaertner","doi":"10.1364/OSAC.423499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OSAC.423499","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate a femtosecond Yb:fiber laser amplification system which delivers 97 W average output power at a repetition rate of 1.08 GHz using a rod-type photonic crystal fiber. The re-compressed output pulse is 233 fs. Numerical simulation was also conducted in agreement with our experimental results.","PeriodicalId":19750,"journal":{"name":"OSA Continuum","volume":"4 1","pages":"1571"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48979422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OSA ContinuumPub Date : 2021-04-15DOI: 10.1364/OSAC.415810
Panji Achmari, Arif M. Siddiquee, G. Si, Jiao Lin, B. Abbey, S. Kou
{"title":"Investigating the probe-tip influence on imaging using scanning near-field optical microscopy","authors":"Panji Achmari, Arif M. Siddiquee, G. Si, Jiao Lin, B. Abbey, S. Kou","doi":"10.1364/OSAC.415810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OSAC.415810","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of the near-field probe-tip on a model sample consisting of one-dimensional apertures is investigated using scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM). We use finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations combined with SNOM scans to show that the probe-tip has a rather profound effect on the shape of the measured transmission intensity profiles. By taking into account the near-field perturbations introduced by the probe, our newly developed FDTD model facilitates the quantitative analysis of SNOM data and provides new insights into near-surface, subwavelength optical interactions.","PeriodicalId":19750,"journal":{"name":"OSA Continuum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46495511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OSA ContinuumPub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1364/OSAC.426995
L. Narlagiri, Venugopal Rao Soma
{"title":"Improving the signal-to-noise ratio of atomic transitions in LIBS using two-dimensional correlation analysis","authors":"L. Narlagiri, Venugopal Rao Soma","doi":"10.1364/OSAC.426995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OSAC.426995","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, two-dimensional (2D) correlation analysis was utilized for achieving a significant improvement in the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) data. Time-resolved LIBS spectra of metallic, bimetallic targets and the normal LIBS spectra of bimetallic targets with varying compositions were used for the detailed analysis. The diagonal of the matrix in the synchronous spectra was used to demonstrate the improvement in the S/N ratio. An improvement in the peak intensities by few orders of magnitude accompanied by suppression in the noise was observed. The correlations between LIBS peaks were also visualized using 2-D plots. Correlation strengths of atomic transitions were visualized in Aluminium (Al), Copper (Cu), and Brass whereas correlation strengths of atomic, atomic and ionic transitions were visualized in Au-Ag bimetallic targets with different compositions (Au30Ag70, Au50Ag50, Au80Ag20). The improved spectra were subsequently used in the principal component analysis for classification studies of four compositions of bimetallic targets (Au20Ag80, Au30Ag70, Au50Ag50, and Au80Ag20). The variance of the first three principal components was found to be improved from the analysis. The accumulated percentage of explained variance of ~95 was achieved with the first three components from improved spectra whereas only ~80 was achieved with the regular LIBS spectra from PCA studies.","PeriodicalId":19750,"journal":{"name":"OSA Continuum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41801175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OSA ContinuumPub Date : 2021-02-11DOI: 10.1364/OSAC.417996
Prajnesh Kumar, Mingwei Jin, Ting Bu, Santosh Kumar, Yu-Ping Huang
{"title":"Efficient reservoir computing using field programmable gate array and electro-optic modulation","authors":"Prajnesh Kumar, Mingwei Jin, Ting Bu, Santosh Kumar, Yu-Ping Huang","doi":"10.1364/OSAC.417996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OSAC.417996","url":null,"abstract":"We experimentally demonstrate a hybrid reservoir computing system consisting of an electro-optic modulator and field programmable gate array (FPGA). It implements delay lines and filters digitally for flexible dynamics and high connectivity, while supporting a large number of reservoir nodes. To evaluate the system’s performance and versatility, three benchmark tests are performed. The first is the 10th order Nonlinear Auto-Regressive Moving Average test (NARMA-10), where the predictions of 1000 and 25,000 steps yield impressively low normalized root mean square errors (NRMSE’s) of 0.142 and 0.148, respectively. Such accurate predictions over into the far future speak to its capability of large sample size processing, as enabled by the present hybrid design. The second is the Santa Fe laser data prediction, where a normalized mean square error (NMSE) of 6.73 × 10−3 is demonstrated. The third is the isolate spoken digit recognition, with a word error rate close to 0.34%. Accurate, versatile, flexibly reconfigurable, and capable of long-term prediction, this reservoir computing system could find a wealth of impactful applications in real-time information processing, weather forecasting, and financial analysis.","PeriodicalId":19750,"journal":{"name":"OSA Continuum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43659067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OSA ContinuumPub Date : 2021-02-05DOI: 10.1364/OSAC.418247
M. Hanna, L. Daniault, F. Guichard, Nour Daher, X. Délen, R. López-Martens, P. Georges
{"title":"Nonlinear beam matching to gas-filled multipass cells","authors":"M. Hanna, L. Daniault, F. Guichard, Nour Daher, X. Délen, R. López-Martens, P. Georges","doi":"10.1364/OSAC.418247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OSAC.418247","url":null,"abstract":"Gas-filled multipass cells are an appealing alternative to capillaries to implement nonlinear temporal compression of high energy femtosecond lasers. Here, we provide an analytic expression for stationary beam coupling to multipass cells that takes into account nonlinear propagation. This allows a constant beam size on the mirrors and at the cell waist, thereby making the optical design more accurate, for example to avoid optical damage or significant ionization. The analysis is validated using spatio-temporal numerical simulations of the propagation in a near-concentric configuration. This is particularly important for multipass cells that are operated in a highly nonlinear regime, which is the current trend since it allows a lower number of roundtrips, relaxing the constraint on mirror coatings performance.","PeriodicalId":19750,"journal":{"name":"OSA Continuum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43773281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OSA ContinuumPub Date : 2021-01-25DOI: 10.1364/OSAC.404945
V. V. Gerasimov
{"title":"Temporal stability of calibration functions in the traditional pure rotational Raman lidar technique","authors":"V. V. Gerasimov","doi":"10.1364/OSAC.404945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OSAC.404945","url":null,"abstract":"Pure rotational Raman (PRR) lidars should be calibrated to measure atmospheric temperature. In the frame of the traditional PRR technique, the lidar calibration represents the determination of calibration function (CF) coefficients using a reference temperature profile from an atmosphere model or radiosonde data. When a measurement campaign lasts several days, the accuracy of temperature retrieval from PRR lidar signals depends on the temporal stability of the selected CF. In this paper, we present a simple way to intercompare different CFs and determine the most stable function in time among them. We study to what extent the CF coefficients determined on one of the measurement campaign days may be used for temperature retrieval on the other days. We also examine the situation when reference radiosonde data are absent on one of the measurement days and, therefore, the CF coefficients need to be determined from reference data over the remaining days. The 1-week and 3-day temporal stabilities of five CFs are studied on the example of nighttime temperature profiles retrieved from PRR lidar measurements of 1, 6, 7, and 8 April 2015. The stability of these CFs is studied for the first time. The measurements were performed in Tomsk (56.48°N, 85.05°E, Western Siberia, Russia) using a PRR lidar of the Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems (IMCES). The CF retrieving temperature of the troposphere (3–9 km) with the highest accuracy for the considered 1-week and 3-day measurement periods is determined for the IMCES lidar.","PeriodicalId":19750,"journal":{"name":"OSA Continuum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44783597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OSA ContinuumPub Date : 2021-01-12DOI: 10.1364/osac.428245
J. Hope, Matthew Goodwin, F. Vanholsbeeck
{"title":"Inverse spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (IS-OCT) for characterization of particle size and concentration","authors":"J. Hope, Matthew Goodwin, F. Vanholsbeeck","doi":"10.1364/osac.428245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/osac.428245","url":null,"abstract":"Inverse spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (IS-OCT) methods apply inverse problem formulations to acquired spectra to estimate depth-resolved sample properties. In the current study, we modelled the time-frequency-distributions using Lambert-Beer’s law and implemented IS-OCT using backscattering spectra calculated from Mie theory, then demonstrated the algorithm on polystyrene microspheres under idealized conditions. The results are significant because the method generates depth dependent estimates of both the concentration and diameter of scattering particles.","PeriodicalId":19750,"journal":{"name":"OSA Continuum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44187004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OSA ContinuumPub Date : 2020-12-24DOI: 10.1364/osac.408646
E. Silvestre, Aktham Tashtush, David Castelló-Lurbe, M. Andrés
{"title":"Inverse photonic-crystal-fiber design through geometrical and material scalings","authors":"E. Silvestre, Aktham Tashtush, David Castelló-Lurbe, M. Andrés","doi":"10.1364/osac.408646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/osac.408646","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19750,"journal":{"name":"OSA Continuum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66761396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}