Paediatrics and International Child Health最新文献

{"title":"Acute acalculous cholecystitis is a rare presentation of Kawasaki disease: a case report.","authors":"Hatice Yılmaz Dağli, Reha Artan, Aygen Yilmaz","doi":"10.1080/20469047.2025.2568793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20469047.2025.2568793","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) is a rare but potentially serious disorder associated with Kawasaki disease (KD). Studies have demonstrated that patients presenting with severe abdominal symptoms owing to KD have increased resistance to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and a higher rate of coronary artery aneurysms. A 5-year-old boy was brought to the emergency department with fever, abdominal pain, vomiting and jaundice. He presented as ACC and was subsequently diagnosed with KD because the symptoms and signs he developed during admission were consistent with that. He was treated with IVIG and high-dose aspirin, and was discharged 7 days later with complete resolution of the symptoms.<b>Abbreviations:</b> AAC acute acalculous cholecystitis; ALT alanine transaminase; AST aspartate aminotransferase; CMV cytomegalovirus; CRP C-reactive protein; EBV Epstein-Barr virus; GGT gamma-glutamyl transferase; IVIG intravenous immunoglobulin; KD Kawasaki disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19731,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and International Child Health","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concomitant Dengue fever and Kawasaki disease in an infant: case report and review of the literature.","authors":"Chaitra Govardhan, Bindu Narayanaswamy, Poornima Ragavaiah Naidu, Fulton D'Souza","doi":"10.1080/20469047.2025.2561344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20469047.2025.2561344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kawasaki disease is a common childhood vasculitis of unknown aetiology, with infectious triggers often proposed. The association of Kawasaki disease with Dengue is rare. It often poses a diagnostic challenge owing to the close overlap of clinical features and a lack of diagnostic tests for Kawasaki disease. Concominant Dengue fever and Kawasaki disease in a 7-month-old boy is reported, and the possible association between the two conditions is considered. He presented with an acute febrile illness and was diagnosed with Dengue fever based on positive serology. Despite standard management for Dengue, he remained febrile and developed features suggestive of incomplete Kawasaki disease. Echocardiogram demonstrated a small coronary artery aneurysm. There was a dramatic response to intravenous immunoglobulin and aspirin. Follow-up at 6 weeks showed complete resolution of the aneurysm without residual cardiac sequelae. Kawasaki disease should be considered in children with Dengue who have persistent fever or evolving clinical features. Prompt recognition and treatment are essential to prevent coronary artery complications. The rare co-existence of Dengue and Kawasaki disease raises the question of whether this is a mere association or a potential trigger, highlighting an area for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":19731,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and International Child Health","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare manifestation of Henoch-Schoenlein purpura: haemoptysis secondary to pulmonary involvement - a case report.","authors":"Gülşah Kılbaş, Semra Ayduran, Saadet Nilay Tığrak, Selçuk Yüksel, Serkan Türkuçar","doi":"10.1080/20469047.2025.2550046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20469047.2025.2550046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Henoch-Schoenlein purpura (HSP) in children is the most prevalent form of vasculitis. While the lungs are recognised as potential target organs in several vasculitides during childhood, pulmonary involvement in HSP is exceptionally rare. A 5-year-old girl presented with haemoptysis during week 3 of HSP vasculitis. Radiological findings from a pulmonary computed tomography scan confirmed alveolar haemorrhage. The patient was administered pulse corticosteroid therapy at a dose of 30 mg/kg/day for 3 days, followed by a regimen of 2 mg/kg/day and azathioprine. During follow-up, the corticosteroid treatment was gradually tapered, and the patient remains under azathioprine monotherapy without any complications. Pulmonary involvement in HSP can be life-threatening; thorough systemic examination is therefore imperative. Further evaluation should be considered necessary when assessing patients with HSP. Close monitoring for respiratory symptoms is essential in the later stages of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19731,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and International Child Health","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144963969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-neonatal tetanus in Abeokuta, south-western Nigeria.","authors":"Iyabode Olabisi Florence Dedeke, Morufat Mojisola Ogundeyi, Gregory Olawole Arifalo, Omosalewa Adetutu Oyewole, Oluwaseun Emmanuel Alaba, Oluwatosin Helen Adisa, Sophia Bukola Ishola","doi":"10.1080/20469047.2025.2544097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20469047.2025.2544097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment outcome and predictors of mortality in patients under 18 years of age with post-neonatal tetanus (PNT) in Abeokuta.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study of 108 PNT cases admitted over a 10-year period between July 2012 and June 2022 was undertaken at two major referral hospitals in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Data on patient demographics, vaccination history, clinical features, management and outcome were analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PNT accounted for 0.82% of paediatric admissions during the study period. The median age was 9.0 years, with a slight male predominance (male-to-female ratio 1.1:1). None of the children under-5 were fully vaccinated; only 5.4% of older children received post-exposure prophylaxis. The lower limb was the most common site of injury. The incubation period ranged from 1 to 60 days with a median (IQR) of 8.0 (9.0) days. The case fatality rate was 18.52%. Mortality was significantly associated with lower limb wounds, rapid onset of spasms (<24 h) and the presence of autonomic dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The burden of PNT in Abeokuta is considerable, driven by low vaccination coverage and delayed wound care. Prompt immunisation, early wound management and improved access to critical care are essential to reduce mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":19731,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and International Child Health","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144963975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CORRECTION.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/20469047.2025.2513786","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20469047.2025.2513786","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19731,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and International Child Health","volume":" ","pages":"ii"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complications owing to oesophageal impaction of button batteries and risk factors in children in China: a review.","authors":"Manlin Zeng, Jing Huang, Lianming Liao, Ying Chen","doi":"10.1080/20469047.2024.2438585","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20469047.2024.2438585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Impaction of button batteries (BB) in children is not rare.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To conduct a systematic review of reports of oesophageal injury caused by impaction of BB in children in China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The databases of Wanfang, VIP, China National Knowledge Internet, the Chinese Medical Association Journal and PubMed were searched for reports by Chinese authors of BB impaction published between May 2005 and July 2023. The risk factors for complications were analysed by multiple unconditional logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After excluding 95 articles which did not meet the criteria, 77 remained, with a total of 964 cases of BB impaction. Of 516 cases with complications, 402 were in children (77.9%). The most common complications were oesophageal erosions and ulceration (218/402, 54.2%), followed by oesophageal perforation (88/402, 21.1%), tracheo-oesophageal fistula (69/402, 17.2%), oesophageal stricture (38/402, 9.5%) and peri-oesophagitis (31/402, 7.7%). Regression analysis demonstrated that the duration and location of impaction were the risk factors for complications (OR 13.7 and 11.3, respectively; <i>p</i> < 0.05 for both).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BB impaction remains common and causes serious oesophageal complications in children. Widespread knowledge of the risks is essential for prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":19731,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and International Child Health","volume":" ","pages":"10-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142807515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anaemia and renal dysfunction were the primary manifestations of severe hypothyroidism in two girls with auto-immune atrophic thyroiditis.","authors":"Janejira Sae-Wong, Preamrudee Poomthavorn, Pat Mahachoklertwattana","doi":"10.1080/20469047.2025.2505821","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20469047.2025.2505821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In children, anaemia is an uncommon presentation of hypothyroidism. The diagnosis was delayed in two girls with auto-immune atrophic thyroiditis owing to an absence of goitre and the unusual presentation of fatigue and anaemia. The first patient was a 15-year-old girl who presented with fatigue and pallor. Results of the initial investigation were compatible with iron deficiency anaemia. However, after 2 years of iron supplementation, the anaemia had not been resolved. Owing to refractory anaemia and recent mild neutropenia, a bone marrow (BM) study was performed. The BM histopathology demonstrated hypocellular marrow, compatible with BM suppression. Tests for low thyroid hormone levels (one of the causes of BM suppression) revealed overt hypothyroidism. She also had a mildly decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The second patient was a 9-year-old girl who presented with a 5-month history of fatigue and a weight gain of 4 kg in a month. Initial laboratory tests showed macrocytic anaemia, decreased eGFR and normal urinalysis. Further investigation confirmed overt hypothyroidism. After levothyroxine treatment, the anaemia was resolved in both patients and the eGFR normalised. This report demonstrates that anaemia in children can be the initial presentation of hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism should be considered as a possible cause of anaemia, especially anaemia refractory to conventional treatment. Additionally, goitre as a clue to diagnosing acquired hypothyroidism owing to auto-immune thyroiditis might not be apparent in atrophic thyroiditis. Unrecognised hypothyroidism might lead to unnecessary investigations and delay appropriate treatment. Normalisation of thyroid function in patients with hypothyroidism results in the resolution of anaemia and the normalisation of eGFR.</p>","PeriodicalId":19731,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and International Child Health","volume":" ","pages":"44-47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144120563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cave canem (beware of the dog): severe complications following a bite by a small dog.","authors":"Marco Piastra, Enzo Picconi, Tony Christian Morena, Vittoria Ferrari, Orazio Genovese, Andrea de Bellis, Giorgio Conti","doi":"10.1080/20469047.2025.2500875","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20469047.2025.2500875","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pre-school children are at highest risk for dog bites. A 2-year-old boy was bitten by a little Pinscher nano dog causing deep injuries which were not apparent on first evaluation. A few hours later he had severe respiratory failure, consistent with subglottic injury. Marked neck enlargement was caused by widespread subcutaneous emphysema. The airway oedema and superimposed systemic infection required a week of intensive care to improve and restore spontaneous breathing. Even an apparently benign bite lesion can evolve into a life-threatening respiratory condition, and there should be a high index of suspicion for every neck lesion in a child.</p>","PeriodicalId":19731,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and International Child Health","volume":" ","pages":"48-50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A large pulmonary arteriovenous malformation in an adolescent girl - timely diagnosis and treatment: a case report.","authors":"Shilpa Krishnapura Lakshminarayana, Bangalore Srinivas Pranathi, Dhanalakshmi Kumble, Mallesh Kariyappa, Usha Mk Sastry","doi":"10.1080/20469047.2025.2515723","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20469047.2025.2515723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) is a rare, pathological, intrapulmonary, right-to-left shunt resulting from abnormal communication between the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein. It can remain asymptomatic and/or suddenly manifest with life-threatening complications. A 13-year-old girl presented with giddiness, falling over and loss of consciousness. She was the fourth child of non-consanguineous parents, and two of her older siblings had died: a girl at 2 years of age owing to suspected pneumonia, and a boy at 8 years of age owing to falling over and convulsions. She had dyspnoea, central cyanosis, clubbing, severe hypoxaemia, polycythaemia and iron deficiency. Chest radiograph demonstrated well defined homogeneous opacity in the right hilar region. The thoracic CT angiogram revealed a large PAVM in the superior segment of the right lower lung fields. Percutaneous cardiac catheterisation and coil embolisation of the PAVM were successfully undertaken. Her oxygen saturation improved to 95-97% in room air. She remained asymptomatic during 2 months of follow-up and then by telephone for 1 year post-procedure. However, her parents have not since attended the hospital for repeat examination and scans. This case highlights the timely, successful treatment of a large PAVM in an adolescent girl and emphasises the need for awareness in paediatricians and other healthcare workers about PAVMs, which, although rare, are potentially life-threatening, especially in adolescents in whom a comorbidity such as iron deficiency could increase the risk of PAVM complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19731,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and International Child Health","volume":" ","pages":"38-43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congenital malaria in newborns of mothers living in highly endemic parts of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.","authors":"Japhet Kabalu Tshiongo, Lise Kuseke, Vivi Maketa Tevuzula, Flory Luzolo, Yann Kafala, Evodie Ngelesi, Moussa Djimde, Patrick Mitashi, Thierry Kalonji-Mukendi, Damien Mbanzulu Pita Nsonizau, Kassoum Kayentao, Petra F Mens, Ryan van den Bos, Hypolite Muhindo Mavoko, Henk D F H Schallig","doi":"10.1080/20469047.2025.2459964","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20469047.2025.2459964","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Congenital malaria, characterised by low parasitaemia in newborns' peripheral blood, is difficult to diagnose by conventional techniques. Owing to its high sensitivity, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) allows for effective detection of low-density plasmodium infections. This study determined the prevalence of congenital malaria by PCR in newborns of mothers living in a malaria-endemic area of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 576 mother-newborn pairs were enrolled in two clinical trials in Kinshasa. Maternal peripheral blood was collected at enrolment. At delivery, samples were taken from maternal and newborn peripheral blood, placental blood and placental imprints.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of congenital malaria detected by PCR was 2.4% (14/576) compared with 0.9% (5/576) by microscopy. The prevalence of malaria at delivery was 8.9% (51/570), and placental malaria was 10.6% (59/556) by microscopy. At delivery, maternal malaria was significantly associated with congenital malaria [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 16.06, 95% CI 2.6-98.5, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Placental malaria also increased the risk of congenital malaria (aOR 5.77, 95% CI 0.9-35.2, <i>p</i> = 0.05). Although 10 of 72 women (16.7%) with placental malaria gave birth to low-weight infants, the association was not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although this first assessment of congenital malaria by PCR in DRC found a low prevalence, maternal and placental malaria at delivery were still associated with congenital malaria, highlighting the importance of maternal health in preventing neonatal infections.<b>Abbreviations:</b> Aor adjusted odds ratio; CI confidence interval; cOR crude odds ratio; DNA de-oxyribonucleic acid; GAPDH glyceraldehyde-3-posphate dehydrogenase; g/dL grams per decilitre; Hb haemoglobin; IQR interquartile range; IPTp-SP Intermittent Preventive Treatment in pregnancy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine; ITN insecticide-treated nets; PA pyronaridine-artesunate; PCR polymerase chain reaction; RDT rapid diagnostic tests; SD; standard deviation; uRDTs ultra-sensitive rapid diagnostic tests; WHO World Health Organization; µL microlitre.</p>","PeriodicalId":19731,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and International Child Health","volume":" ","pages":"26-33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143483501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}