Paediatrics and International Child Health最新文献

{"title":"Severe hypercalcaemia and acute renal failure in an infant with subcutaneous fat necrosis.","authors":"Tülay İnce Becerir,&nbsp;Ayça Altincik,&nbsp;Bayram Özhan,&nbsp;Selçuk Yüksel","doi":"10.1080/20469047.2021.1883960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20469047.2021.1883960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Subcutaneous fat necrosis (SFN) in the newborn is a form of panniculitis which presents with erythematous nodules and indurated plaques. Severe life-threatening hypercalcaemia can occur as a late complication. A 2-month-old girl presented with severe hypercalcaemia and acute renal injury as a complication of SFN. She was admitted to hospital with the chief complaint of failure to thrive. She had a history of therapeutic hypothermia. After successful treatment of the hypercalcaemia with bisphosphonates, the acute renal injury recovered spontaneously. In neonates with SFN, acute renal injury is a rare complication of hypercalcaemia. Timely prevention of the complications of hypercalcaemia in SFN is essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":19731,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and International Child Health","volume":"41 3","pages":"221-225"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20469047.2021.1883960","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25474113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving recognition and management of children with complicated severe acute malnutrition at a tertiary referral hospital in Malawi: a quality improvement initiative.","authors":"Bryan J Vonasek,&nbsp;Susan Mhango,&nbsp;Heather L Crouse,&nbsp;Temwachi Nyangulu,&nbsp;Wilfred Gaven,&nbsp;Emily Ciccone,&nbsp;Alexander Kondwani,&nbsp;Binita Patel,&nbsp;Elizabeth Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1080/20469047.2021.1967627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20469047.2021.1967627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is common in low-income countries and is associated with high mortality in young children.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To improve recognition and management of SAM in a tertiary hospital in Malawi.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The impact of multifaceted quality improvement interventions in process measures pertaining to the identification and management of SAM was assessed. Interventions included focused training for clinical staff, reporting process measures to staff, and mobile phone-based group messaging for enhanced communication. This initiative focused on children aged 6-36 months admitted to Kamuzu Central Hospital in Malawi from September 2019 to March 2020. Before-after comparisons were made with baseline data from the year before, and process measures within this intervention period which included three plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the intervention period, 418 children had SAM and in-hospital mortality was 10.8%, which was not significantly different from the baseline period. Compared with the baseline period, there was significant improvement in the documentation of full anthropometrics on admission, blood glucose test within 24 hours of admission and HIV testing results by discharge. During the intervention period, amidst increasing patient census with each PDSA cycle, three process measures were maintained (documentation of full anthropometrics, determination of nutritional status and HIV testing results), and there was significant improvement in blood glucose documentation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Significant improvement in key quality measures represents early progress towards the larger goal of improving patient outcomes, most notably mortality, in children admitted with SAM.</p>","PeriodicalId":19731,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and International Child Health","volume":"41 3","pages":"177-187"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8671256/pdf/nihms-1736428.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39411897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis in a 2.5-month-old infant: congenital or acquired dilemma?","authors":"Yellanthoor Ramesh Bhat,&nbsp;Sandesh Kini,&nbsp;Lakshmikanth Halegubbi Karegowda","doi":"10.1080/20469047.2020.1848270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20469047.2020.1848270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infants may develop congenital tuberculosis from an infectious mother or acquire the disease postnatally by contact with an infectious adult. Delayed diagnosis is common, especially in infants under 1 year of age, and, if unrecognised, there is an increased risk of death. A 2.5-month-old boy presented with respiratory distress, small inhomogeneous opacities in both lungs and hepatosplenomegaly mimicking sepsis. He had received BCG vaccination and there was no history of contact with tuberculosis (TB). He had had fever since 1 month of age for which there had been several outpatient visits. Gastric aspirate cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) confirmed TB and sonological evaluation demonstrated multiple granulomata in the liver and spleen, and a liver biopsy supported TB. He responded well to 12 months of anti-tuberculous treatment. The mother's tuberculin test, chest radiograph and endometrial biopsy showed no evidence of TB. There was no history of tuberculous contact with close family members. Despite the lack of proof of current tuberculous TB infection in the mother, it is likely that the infant had congenital TB.</p>","PeriodicalId":19731,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and International Child Health","volume":"41 3","pages":"217-220"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20469047.2020.1848270","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38715463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suicide attempt with isoniazid in adolescents receiving tuberculous prophylaxis: three cases.","authors":"Emine Polat,&nbsp;Saliha Senel","doi":"10.1080/20469047.2021.1946651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20469047.2021.1946651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An overdose of isoniazid (INH) is potentially fatal and attempts at suicide are very rare in children. Three patients aged 14-17 years who were receiving INH for tuberculosis prophylaxis were admitted to the emergency department with generalised tonic-clonic seizures. There was metabolic acidosis and elevated levels of blood creatine kinase, aminotransferases and lactate dehydrogenase following ingestion of excess INH in attempts at suicide. The presumed total amounts of INH ingested were 3 g (40 mg/kg), 9 g (160 mg/kg) and 6 g (100 mg/kg), respectively. They all improved with general supportive measures including airway protection, gastric lavage, activated charcoal administration, sodium bicarbonate infusion, fluid replacement, seizure control and pyridoxine administration. They were discharged without complications. Attempts to commit suicide by excess intake of INH is rare in children but should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute intractable seizures and metabolic acidosis refractory to conventional anticonvulsant therapy in adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":19731,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and International Child Health","volume":"41 3","pages":"228-230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20469047.2021.1946651","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39155489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Neisseria oralis</i> septicaemia in a newborn: first recorded case.","authors":"Gabriele Baniulyte,&nbsp;Sima Svirpliene,&nbsp;Andrew Eccleston,&nbsp;Sangeetha Arjunan,&nbsp;Martin Connor","doi":"10.1080/20469047.2020.1826780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20469047.2020.1826780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Neisseria oralis</i> is a bacterium which normally resides within the oral microflora. A female infant was born by emergency caesarean section owing to fetal distress with a gestational age of 38 weeks, a birthweight of 2250 g and a temperature of 36.5°C. The pregnancy had been normal. The delivery was complicated by prolonged rupture of membranes (48 hours) and meconium-stained and foul-smelling liquor. APGAR scores were 1 at 1 min, 9 at 5 min and 9 at 10 min. The infant looked pale and had respiratory distress requiring resuscitation for the first 4 minutes. After a septic screen, she was commenced on benzylpenicillin and gentamicin. On Day 1 of life she was diagnosed with neonatal sepsis, and <i>N. oralis</i> was identified in blood cultures and blood-stained cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Although <i>N. oralis</i> was cultured from the CSF, it was considered that this was more likely owing to blood contamination of the CSF. In view of the blood and CSF cultures, antibiotics were changed to intravenous cefotaxime. By Day 6 blood infection markers were regarded as normal. Antibiotics were continued for 14 days. Although neonatal sepsis caused by <i>N. oralis</i> has not been reported before, it should be considered to be a pathogen able to cause neonatal sepsis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19731,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and International Child Health","volume":"41 3","pages":"226-227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20469047.2020.1826780","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38477931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of single phototherapy with low-cost reflective sheets versus single phototherapy alone in mild-to-moderate unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia in full-term neonates.","authors":"Amira M Sabry,&nbsp;Mortada H F El-Shabrawi,&nbsp;Abdelrahman A Abdelrazek,&nbsp;Mahmoud F Ali","doi":"10.1080/20469047.2021.1958603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20469047.2021.1958603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>An economical alternative method of increasing the light intensity of phototherapy for neonatal jaundice is the use of reflective sheets placed on the sides of the incubator.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine whether reflective sheets in addition to phototherapy increase the reduction of bilirubin levels and the duration of hospital stay.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was undertaken in the neonatal intensive care unit of Cairo University Children's Hospital. There were two groups: a study group of 90 full-term neonates with neonatal jaundice who received single phototherapy in incubators covered with white plastic reflective sheets and a control group of 90 full-term neonates with neonatal jaundice who received single phototherapy without the reflective sheets.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean (SD) rate of bilirubin decline in the first 24 hours of phototherapy was greater in the study group [3.7 (0.86) µmol/L/hr] than in the control group [2.2 (0.14) µmol/L/hr] (<i>p</i><0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Use of reflective sheets decreases the total duration of phototherapy and the cost and duration of hospitalisation without any added complications.<b>Abbreviations:</b> AAP: American Academy of Pediatrics; HIDS: high-intensity double-surface; LMIC: low- and middle-income countries; MCTP: mirror-covered tunnel phototherapy; NICU: neonatal intensive care unit; TSB: total serum bilirubin.</p>","PeriodicalId":19731,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and International Child Health","volume":"41 3","pages":"206-210"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39393215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aortic thrombosis in a neonate with COVID-19-related fetal inflammatory response syndrome requiring amputation of the leg: a case report.","authors":"Priyanka S Amonkar,&nbsp;Jeetendra B Gavhane,&nbsp;Suhas N Kharche,&nbsp;Sameer S Kadam,&nbsp;Dattatray B Bhusare","doi":"10.1080/20469047.2021.1968596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20469047.2021.1968596","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neonatal infection with SARS-CoV-2 is considered to have no major complications. A neonate with lower limb gangrene owing to spontaneous aortic thrombosis in the setting of a fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) post-intrauterine COVID-19 infection is presented. A healthy full-term newborn discharged from hospital on Day 3 developed irritability and progressive blackish discoloration of the toes of the right lower limb on Day 6 of life. Doppler imaging revealed acute thrombosis of the abdominal aorta with a critically ischaemic right lower limb. On Day 11 of life, SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR was negative but total antibodies (IgG and IgM) were positive in both mother and neonate. The neonate showed raised inflammatory markers including CRP, ESR, interleukin-6, procalcitonin, ferritin and LDH along with elevated N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and D-dimer. In the absence of clinical signs of sepsis, FIRS was diagnosed. The neonate was treated with corticosteroids, heparin infusion and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, and required surgical embolectomy followed by right limb amputation. By Day 31 of life, inflammatory markers showed serial return to normal and the neonate was discharged on oral steroids and aspirin. Intrauterine SARS-CoV-2 infection may trigger a systemic inflammatory response in some fetuses which is similar to post-COVID-19 multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Development of lower limb gangrene is a unique COVID-19-related neonatal complication and is attributed to thrombo-inflammation.<b>ABBREVIATIONS</b>CRP: C-reactive protein; FIRS: fetal inflammatory response syndrome; MIS-C: multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; RT-PCR: real-time polymerase chain reaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":19731,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and International Child Health","volume":"41 3","pages":"211-216"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39389102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and predictive risk factors for ophthalmological complications in children with nephrotic syndrome receiving long-term oral corticosteroids: a cohort study.","authors":"Raja Hariharan,&nbsp;Sriram Krishnamurthy,&nbsp;Subashini Kaliaperumal,&nbsp;Pediredla Karunakar,&nbsp;Bobbity Deepthi","doi":"10.1080/20469047.2021.1983315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20469047.2021.1983315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a paucity of data from India on ophthalmological complications in children on long-term oral corticosteroids for idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All children aged 4-18 years with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome who had received long-term oral steroids for >6 months  and who attended the paediatric nephrology clinic between January 2019 and January 2021 were included. The majority of them (95/110) were being followed up in the paediatric nephrology clinic which was functioning from 2010.   The children were screened for ophthalmological complications at 6-month intervals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 110 children with nephrotic syndrome  were enrolled. Their median (IQR) age was 9.4 (7.0-12.8) years, and the median (range) duration of follow-up following onset of nephrotic syndrome was 5 years (1.0-16). The incidence of cataract was 18.1% (20 of 110 cases).  Visual acuity was impaired in seven (35%) of the children with cataract.  Children with cataract were younger as compared to those without cataract [Median (IQR) age at onset of nephrotic syndrome [2.5 (2.0-4.0) yrs <i>vs</i> 4 (2.1-6.0) yrs] (<i>p</i>=0.03)]. Children with cataract also had higher cumulative dose of prednisolone intake (mg/m²) [28,669 (21,329-33,500) <i>vs</i> 14,995 (10,492-19,687)] (<i>p</i><0.01)] and greater cumulative duration of prednisolone intake [4.3 (3.1-5.2) <i>vs</i> 2.25 (1.3-3.7) yrs] (<i>p</i><0.01). The incidence of raised IOP was 9.1% (10 of 110 cases).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The incidence of cataract and raised IOP was high. The risk factors for the development of cataract were age at onset of nephrotic syndrome, cumulative dose and cumulative duration of steroid intake.</p>","PeriodicalId":19731,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and International Child Health","volume":"41 3","pages":"199-205"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39571232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, risk factors and outcome of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection among children in Uganda: a prospective study.","authors":"Rebecca Nantanda,&nbsp;Freddie Bwanga,&nbsp;Irene Najjingo,&nbsp;Grace Ndeezi,&nbsp;James K Tumwine","doi":"10.1080/20469047.2021.1980698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20469047.2021.1980698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>: Atypical bacteria cause 10-40% of all childhood pneumonia.. Data on the burden of atypical pneumonia in sub-Saharan Africa are limited.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>: To determine the prevalence, associated factors, and outcome of <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> infection in children with respiratory symptoms at Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>: Children aged 2 months to 12 years with cough and/or difficult breathing and fast breathing were recruited. A clinical history and physical examination were undertaken. Blood samples for <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> IgM antibodies were taken at enrolment and Day 21 and induced sputum for DNA-PCR. Admitted participants were followed for a maximum of 7 days or until discharge or death, whichever came first.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>: A total of 385 children were enrolled, and, of these, 368 (95.6%) were <5 years. Overall, 60/385 (15.6%) participants tested positive for <i>M. pneumoniae</i> IgM and/or DNA-PCR. Of these, 56/60 (93.3%) were <5 years of age. Wheezing was present in 21/60 (35.0%) of the children with atypical pneumonia and in 128/325 (39.4%) with typical pneumonia. The factors associated with <i>M. pneumonia</i> were female sex (AOR 1.94, 95% CI 1.22-3.08, <i>p</i> < 0.001), age ≥12 months (AOR 2.73, 95% CI 1.53-4.87, <i>p</i> = 0.01) and a history of prematurity (AOR 2.07, 95% CI 1.23-3.49, <i>p</i> = 0.01). Mortality was 17/352 (4.8%) and, of these, 4/17 (23.5%) had <i>M. pneumonia</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>: <i>M. pneumonia</i> is common in young children , especially females above 2 years and those with history of prematurity. It presents with severe symptoms. The results of the study highlight the importance of considering atypical bacteria in under-5s with the symptoms of pneumonia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19731,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and International Child Health","volume":"41 3","pages":"188-198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8791631/pdf/nihms-1741896.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39596458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy managed with therapeutic hypothermia in a tertiary-level public hospital outside an intensive care unit setting.","authors":"S Mbatha,&nbsp;F L Nakwa,&nbsp;K Thandrayen,&nbsp;S Velaphi","doi":"10.1080/20469047.2021.1967625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20469047.2021.1967625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Management of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) by therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is a major challenge in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) because of the limited resources. Clinicians in LMIC offer this intervention outside neonatal intensive care units (NICU). The effect of this practice on neurodevelopmental outcome is not well known.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates with HIE managed with TH outside NICU settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>: This was a retrospective descriptive study of neonates with HIE managed with TH and followed up for neurodevelopmental assessment at 12 and 18-24 months postnatal age. Patients were reviewed over a 24-month period. Outcome at 12 and 18-24 months was compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 178 neonates with HIE attending the clinic, there was information on TH for 155 (87.1%), 113 of whom (72.9%) received TH. HIE was moderate in 88% and severe in 10%. Twenty-seven (23.9%) and 16 (14.1%) were assessed at one time-point at 12 or 18-24 months, respectively, 40 (35.3%) at both time-points, and 30 (26.6%) were not assessed. At 18-24 months, 32% had moderate-to-severe disability compared with 6% at 12 months, with the sensitivity and specificity of assessment at 12 months being 50% and 100%, respectively. The disability attrition rate at 18-24 months was 50%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The relatively low prevalence of disability (32%) at 18-24 months suggests that use of TH in a Level 2 nursery is feasible and possibly beneficial. More studies are needed to confirm these findings.</p><p><strong>Abbreviations: </strong>aEEG: amplitude electroencephalogram; CP: cerebral palsy; GMDS: Griffiths mental developmental scales; GQ: general quotient; HIC: high-income countries; HIE: hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy; LMIC: low- and middle-income countries; LTFU: loss to follow-up; NICU: neonatal intensive care unit; TH: therapeutic hypothermia; TOBY: total body hypothermia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19731,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and International Child Health","volume":"41 3","pages":"171-176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39410975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}