Peter A. Barbuti, Cristina Guardia-Laguarta, Taekyung Yun, Zena K. Chatila, Xena Flowers, Chantel Wong, Bruno F. R. Santos, Simone B. Larsen, James S. Lotti, Nobutaka Hattori, Elizabeth Bradshaw, Ulf Dettmer, Saranna Fanning, Vilas Menon, Hasini Reddy, Andrew F. Teich, Rejko Krüger, Estela Area-Gomez, Serge Przedborski
{"title":"The role of alpha-synuclein in synucleinopathy: Impact on lipid regulation at mitochondria–ER membranes","authors":"Peter A. Barbuti, Cristina Guardia-Laguarta, Taekyung Yun, Zena K. Chatila, Xena Flowers, Chantel Wong, Bruno F. R. Santos, Simone B. Larsen, James S. Lotti, Nobutaka Hattori, Elizabeth Bradshaw, Ulf Dettmer, Saranna Fanning, Vilas Menon, Hasini Reddy, Andrew F. Teich, Rejko Krüger, Estela Area-Gomez, Serge Przedborski","doi":"10.1038/s41531-025-00960-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-025-00960-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The protein alpha-synuclein (αSyn) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies, including Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy, with growing evidence indicating that lipid dyshomeostasis is a key phenotype in these neurodegenerative disorders. Previously, we identified that αSyn localizes, at least in part, to mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs), which are transient functional domains containing proteins that regulate lipid metabolism, including the de novo synthesis of phosphatidylserine. In the present study, we analyzed the lipid composition of postmortem human samples, focusing on the substantia nigra pars compacta of Parkinson’s disease and controls, as well as three less affected brain regions of Parkinson’s donors. To further assess synucleinopathy-related lipidome alterations, similar analyses were performed on the striatum of multiple system atrophy cases. Our data reveal region- and disease-specific changes in the levels of lipid species. Specifically, our data revealed alterations in the levels of specific phosphatidylserine species in brain areas most affected in Parkinson’s disease. Some of these alterations, albeit to a lesser degree, are also observed in multiple system atrophy. Using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons, we show that αSyn regulates phosphatidylserine metabolism at MAM domains, and that αSyn dosage parallels the perturbation in phosphatidylserine levels. These findings support the notion that αSyn pathophysiology is linked to the dysregulation of lipid homeostasis, which may contribute to the vulnerability of specific brain regions in synucleinopathy. These findings have significant therapeutic implications.</p><figure></figure>","PeriodicalId":19706,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Parkinson's Disease","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143889525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Porciuncula, J. T. Cavanaugh, J. Zajac, N. Wendel, T. Baker, D. Arumukhom Revi, N. Eklund, M. B. Holmes, L. N. Awad, T. D. Ellis
{"title":"Amplifying walking activity in Parkinson’s disease through autonomous music-based rhythmic auditory stimulation: randomized controlled trial","authors":"F. Porciuncula, J. T. Cavanaugh, J. Zajac, N. Wendel, T. Baker, D. Arumukhom Revi, N. Eklund, M. B. Holmes, L. N. Awad, T. D. Ellis","doi":"10.1038/s41531-025-00952-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-025-00952-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Habitual moderate intensity walking has disease-modifying benefits in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the lack of sustainable gait interventions that collectively promote sufficient intensity, daily amount, and quality of walking marks a critical gap in PD rehabilitation. In this randomized controlled trial (clinicaltrials.gov#: NCT05421624, registered on June 6, 2022), we demonstrate the effectiveness of a real-world walking intervention delivered using an autonomous music-based digital rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) system. In comparison to an active-control arm (<i>N</i> = 20) of moderately intense brisk walking, the autonomous RAS system used in the experimental arm (<i>N</i> = 21) amplified moderate-to-vigorous walking intensities, increased daily steps, and improved (reduced) gait variability. While regular engagement in real-world walking with or without RAS each cultivated habits for walking, only the RAS intervention yielded a combination of strengthened habits and improved gait outcomes. Findings from this study supported the use of a personalized, autonomous RAS gait intervention that is effective, habit-forming and translatable to real-world walking in individuals with PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19706,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Parkinson's Disease","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143884607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sitki Cem Parlar, Konstantin Senkevich, Eric Yu, Jennifer A. Ruskey, Jamil Ahmad, Farnaz Asayesh, Dan Spiegelman, Cheryl Waters, Oury Monchi, Yves Dauvilliers, Nicolas Dupré, Lior Greenbaum, Sharon Hassin-Baer, Irina Miliukhina, Alla Timofeeva, Anton Emelyanov, Sofya Pchelina, Roy N. Alcalay, Edward A. Fon, Jean-François Trempe, Ziv Gan-Or
{"title":"LRRK2 rare-variant per-domain genetic burden in Parkinson’s Disease: association confined to the kinase domain","authors":"Sitki Cem Parlar, Konstantin Senkevich, Eric Yu, Jennifer A. Ruskey, Jamil Ahmad, Farnaz Asayesh, Dan Spiegelman, Cheryl Waters, Oury Monchi, Yves Dauvilliers, Nicolas Dupré, Lior Greenbaum, Sharon Hassin-Baer, Irina Miliukhina, Alla Timofeeva, Anton Emelyanov, Sofya Pchelina, Roy N. Alcalay, Edward A. Fon, Jean-François Trempe, Ziv Gan-Or","doi":"10.1038/s41531-025-00934-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-025-00934-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>LRRK2</i> variants are key genetic risk factors for Parkinson’s Disease (PD). We conducted a per-domain rare coding variant burden analysis, including 8,888 PD cases and 69,412 controls. In meta-analysis, the Kinase domain was strongly associated with PD (Exonic: <i>P</i><sup><i>FDR</i></sup> = 1.61 × 10<sup>−22</sup>, Non-synonymous: <i>P</i><sup><i>FDR</i></sup> = 1.54 × 10<sup>−23</sup>, CADD > 20: <i>P</i><sup><i>FDR</i></sup> = 3.09 × 10<sup>−24</sup>). Excluding the p.G2019S variant nullified this effect. Nominal associations were found in the ANK and Roc-COR domains, with potentially protective variants, p.R793M and p.Q1353K.</p>","PeriodicalId":19706,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Parkinson's Disease","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143884604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Houwen Zhang, Fangzheng Cao, Jialin Yu, Yu Liang, You Wu
{"title":"Investigating plasma lipid profiles in association with Parkinson’s disease risk","authors":"Houwen Zhang, Fangzheng Cao, Jialin Yu, Yu Liang, You Wu","doi":"10.1038/s41531-025-00955-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-025-00955-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is associated with lipid metabolic disturbances, but the specific roles of lipids in its pathogenesis are unclear. This Mendelian Randomization (MR) study utilized GWAS data and IVW methods to investigate plasma lipids and PD risk. The genetic predispositions to altered levels of triacylglycerols (TAGs), diacylglycerols (DAGs), phosphatidylcholines (PCs), and phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) are associated with an increased risk of PD, while the genetic predispositions to sphingomyelin (SM) and lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) are associated with a reduced risk of PD. Further research is needed to establish the biological mechanisms underlying these relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":19706,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Parkinson's Disease","volume":"222 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143884609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simone Baiardi, Marcello Rossi, Giulia Giannini, Angela Mammana, Barbara Polischi, Luisa Sambati, Andrea Mastrangelo, Franco Magliocchetti, Pietro Cortelli, Sabina Capellari, Giovanna Calandra Buonaura, Piero Parchi
{"title":"Head-to-head comparison of four cerebrospinal fluid and three plasma neurofilament light chain assays in Parkinsonism","authors":"Simone Baiardi, Marcello Rossi, Giulia Giannini, Angela Mammana, Barbara Polischi, Luisa Sambati, Andrea Mastrangelo, Franco Magliocchetti, Pietro Cortelli, Sabina Capellari, Giovanna Calandra Buonaura, Piero Parchi","doi":"10.1038/s41531-025-00951-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-025-00951-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Neurofilament light chain protein (NfL) is a valuable biomarker for the differential diagnosis between Parkinson’s disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonian disorders (APD). Here, we compared the performance of four cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and three plasma NfL immunoassays in 253 PD and 265 APD. We measured NfL by ELISA in CSF and by SiMoA, CLEIA, and ELLA in both CSF and plasma. Additionally, we assessed Lewy body pathology by CSF α-synuclein real-time quaking-induced conversion assay (α-syn-RT-QuIC). In each biofluid, the tested assays showed comparable precision; however, CSF NfL showed higher diagnostic accuracy than plasma NfL for discriminating PD from APD (AUC range 0.966–0.974 vs 0.917–0.924). Combining CSF NfL and α-syn-RT-QuIC increased diagnostic accuracy. These results confirm the high diagnostic value of NfL in patients with parkinsonism, even when different assays are used. Combining CSF NfL and α-syn-RT-QuIC provides the highest accuracy, followed by CSF NfL and plasma NfL.</p>","PeriodicalId":19706,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Parkinson's Disease","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143880733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Blanca T. M. Spee, Julia S. Crone, Sirwan K. L. Darweesh, Marjan J. Meinders, Jozsef Arato, Young Ah Kim, Bastiaan R. Bloem, Matthew Pelowski
{"title":"Prevalence of experienced changes in artistic and everyday creativity in people with Parkinson’s disease","authors":"Blanca T. M. Spee, Julia S. Crone, Sirwan K. L. Darweesh, Marjan J. Meinders, Jozsef Arato, Young Ah Kim, Bastiaan R. Bloem, Matthew Pelowski","doi":"10.1038/s41531-025-00924-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-025-00924-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Creativity is the ability to generate novel and meaningful ideas or behaviors, encompassing both artistic originality and personal satisfaction. Emerging evidence suggests that people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) may experience changes in creativity. This study examines the prevalence of creativity changes in PD using cross-sectional data from the Netherlands (PRIME-NL, 2021–2023). Participants (<i>N</i> = 793) self-reported creativity changes, demographics, clinical factors, and pre-diagnosis creative engagement via a self-structured questionnaire. Descriptive analyses revealed that 41% of respondents reported creativity changes: 12% experienced an increase, 22% a decrease, and 7% fluctuations. Ordinal regression analysis showed that longer disease duration and dopamine agonists were associated with increased creativity, while older age and prior creative engagement predicted decreases. A sub-cohort (<i>n</i> = 292) reported creativity changes across seven domains, with changes most frequently observed in everyday creativity, sports/movement, and fine art/design. These findings underscore the need for further research on creativity in PD to inform person-centered treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19706,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Parkinson's Disease","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Association between serum myeloperoxidase enzyme activity and Parkinson’s disease status","authors":"Emilio Fernández Espejo, María-del-Mar Guerra, Silvia Castellano","doi":"10.1038/s41531-025-00941-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-025-00941-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Elevated levels of the inflammatory enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the blood are associated with the development of age-related inflammatory diseases. Given that age, inflammation, and blood MPO play a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson´s disease (PD), we hypothesized that serum MPO could be associated with PD status. This case-control study (199 participants) was conducted using an extensive protocol, and the concentration and activity of MPO in blood serum were measured. The findings reveal that serum MPO concentration and activity are significantly increased in the patients, and that rates of PD in all individuals are associated with increasing tertiles of MPO concentration and activity. In multivariate logistic regression model adjusting for confounding factors, MPO activity (not concentration) is the factor that is most associated with PD status (OR, 6.921, P = 0.001). Mental depression is directly associated with MPO activity and with PD status (OR, 0.121, B = −2.108, P = 0.002). The use of statins or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs significantly reduces serum MPO activity, but the possible association with the odds of having PD does not survive correction for multiple testing. In summary, both serum MPO concentration and activity are increased in patients with PD, but only MPO enzyme activity is associated with PD status. These findings may have implications for the evaluation of PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19706,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Parkinson's Disease","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Edward N. Wilson, Jacob Umans, Michelle S. Swarovski, Paras S. Minhas, Justin H. Mendiola, Øivind Midttun, Arve Ulvik, Marian Shahid-Besanti, Patricia Linortner, Siddhita D. Mhatre, Qian Wang, Divya Channappa, Nicole K. Corso, Lu Tian, Carolyn A. Fredericks, Geoffrey A. Kerchner, Edward D. Plowey, Brenna Cholerton, Per M. Ueland, Cyrus P. Zabetian, Nora E. Gray, Joseph F. Quinn, Thomas J. Montine, Sharon J. Sha, Frank M. Longo, David A. Wolk, Alice Chen-Plotkin, Victor W. Henderson, Tony Wyss-Coray, Anthony D. Wagner, Elizabeth C. Mormino, Nima Aghaeepour, Kathleen L. Poston, Katrin I. Andreasson
{"title":"Parkinson’s disease is characterized by vitamin B6-dependent inflammatory kynurenine pathway dysfunction","authors":"Edward N. Wilson, Jacob Umans, Michelle S. Swarovski, Paras S. Minhas, Justin H. Mendiola, Øivind Midttun, Arve Ulvik, Marian Shahid-Besanti, Patricia Linortner, Siddhita D. Mhatre, Qian Wang, Divya Channappa, Nicole K. Corso, Lu Tian, Carolyn A. Fredericks, Geoffrey A. Kerchner, Edward D. Plowey, Brenna Cholerton, Per M. Ueland, Cyrus P. Zabetian, Nora E. Gray, Joseph F. Quinn, Thomas J. Montine, Sharon J. Sha, Frank M. Longo, David A. Wolk, Alice Chen-Plotkin, Victor W. Henderson, Tony Wyss-Coray, Anthony D. Wagner, Elizabeth C. Mormino, Nima Aghaeepour, Kathleen L. Poston, Katrin I. Andreasson","doi":"10.1038/s41531-025-00964-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-025-00964-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent studies demonstrate that Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with dysregulated metabolic flux through the kynurenine pathway (KP), in which tryptophan is converted to kynurenine (KYN), and KYN is subsequently metabolized to neuroactive compounds quinolinic acid (QA) and kynurenic acid (KA). Here, we used mass-spectrometry to compare blood and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) KP metabolites between 158 unimpaired older adults and 177 participants with PD. We found increased neuroexcitatory QA/KA ratio in both plasma and CSF of PD participants associated with peripheral and cerebral inflammation and vitamin B<sub>6</sub> deficiency. Furthermore, increased QA tracked with CSF tau, CSF soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) and severity of both motor and non-motor PD clinical symptoms. Finally, PD patient subgroups with distinct KP profiles displayed distinct PD clinical features. These data validate the KP as a site of brain and periphery crosstalk, integrating B-vitamin status, inflammation and metabolism to ultimately influence PD clinical manifestation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19706,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Parkinson's Disease","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ádám József Berki, Hao Ding, Marcell Palotai, László Halász, Loránd Erőss, Gábor Fekete, László Bognár, Péter Barsi, Andrea Kelemen, Borbála Jávor-Duray, Éva Pichner, Muthuraman Muthuraman, Gertrúd Tamás
{"title":"Subthalamic stimulation evokes hyperdirect high beta interruption and cortical high gamma entrainment in Parkinson’s disease","authors":"Ádám József Berki, Hao Ding, Marcell Palotai, László Halász, Loránd Erőss, Gábor Fekete, László Bognár, Péter Barsi, Andrea Kelemen, Borbála Jávor-Duray, Éva Pichner, Muthuraman Muthuraman, Gertrúd Tamás","doi":"10.1038/s41531-025-00965-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-025-00965-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Compound network dynamics in beta and gamma bands determine the severity of bradykinesia in Parkinson’s disease. We explored its subthalamic stimulation related changes parallel with improvement of complex hand movements. Thirty eight patients with Parkinson’s disease treated with bilateral stimulation accomplished voluntary and traced spiral drawing with their more affected hand on a digital tablet. A 64 channel electroencephalography was recorded, low and high beta and gamma power was computed in subthalamic and motor cortical sources at four stimulation levels. Subthalamic cortical effective connectivity was calculated, and subnetwork models were created. Beta power decreased, and gamma power increased in sources ipsilateral to stimulation with increasing stimulation intensity. Networks comprising the primary motor cortex played a dominant role in predicting the improvement of voluntary drawing speed. Subthalamic stimulation diminished the hyperdirect high beta information processing and promoted the cortico cortical interactions of the primary motor cortex in the high gamma band.</p>","PeriodicalId":19706,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Parkinson's Disease","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jan Hlavnička, Josef Mana, Ondrej Bezdicek, Martin Čihák, Filip Havlík, Dominik Škrabal, Tereza Bartošová, Karel Šonka, Evžen Růžička, Petr Dušek
{"title":"Four questions to predict cognitive decline in de novo Parkinson’s disease","authors":"Jan Hlavnička, Josef Mana, Ondrej Bezdicek, Martin Čihák, Filip Havlík, Dominik Škrabal, Tereza Bartošová, Karel Šonka, Evžen Růžička, Petr Dušek","doi":"10.1038/s41531-025-00958-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-025-00958-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Early identification of cognitive decline (CD) in de novo Parkinson’s disease (PD) is crucial for choosing appropriate therapies and recruiting for clinical trials. However, existing prognostic models lack flexibility, scalability and require costly instrumentation. This study explores the utility of standard clinical questionnaires and criteria to predict CD in de novo PD. A total of 186 patients from the Parkinson Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) and 48 patients from the Biomarkers of Parkinson’s Disease project (BIO-PD) underwent clinical interviews, comprehensive tests, and questionnaires. A model based only on age of disease onset, history of stroke, history of fainting, and vocalization during dreams predicted CD in 2 and 4-year horizons with an area under curve (AUC) of 70% ± 10% standard deviation (cross-validated PPMI), 79% (overall PPMI), and 78% (validation in BIO-PD). This approach enables rapid preliminary screening using just four simple questions, achieving predictive accuracy comparable to instrumentation-based methods while reducing assessment time.</p>","PeriodicalId":19706,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Parkinson's Disease","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}