{"title":"[Method of fixing the heterotic effect--implementation on plants (on the hundredth anniversary of the birth of V.A. Strunnikov)].","authors":"Iu K Goncharova","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article is devoted to the 100th anniversary of the outstanding world-renown Russian scientist Vladimir Alexandrovich Strunnikov, Academician, Professor, Head of Group of Developmental Cytology and Sex Regulation at Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology and Head of genetic studies on silkworms in a number ofsericulture institutes in CIS. Laureate of the State Prize of the USSR (1981), Hero of Socialist Labor (1990), awarded the I.I. Mechnikov Gold Medal, Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1981), founder of the theory explaining the origin of heterosis. One of his most significant achievements is the \"Methods of Fixing the Heterosis Effect,\" which makes it possible to abandon the production of hybrid seed and increase the yield of many crops by 20-50%. Fixing the gene complexes that determine the heterosis effect will become the \"springboard\" that will allow obtaining even more productive heterotic hybrids on the basis of new-generation varieties. The efficiency of this method in plant objects at the organismal and molecular levels was shown in the All-Russia Research Institute of Rice. A modification of this method reducing its laboriousness and increasing its efficiency was developed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19673,"journal":{"name":"Ontogenez","volume":"45 6","pages":"442-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33432463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Key morphofunctional transformations in the evolution of chiropterans (Bats, Chiroptera)].","authors":"I M Kovaleva","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Study on the morphology and morphogenesis of wing membranes in Bats has revealed some peculiarities in their structure and development. Understanding the embryogenesis of these animals, as well as attraction of data obtained on their molecular genetics and paleontology, allows one to single out some factors that could have initiated evolutionary modifications in development programs. A scenario of the key morphofunctional transformations in the forelimbs during the evolution of chiropterans is given.</p>","PeriodicalId":19673,"journal":{"name":"Ontogenez","volume":"45 6","pages":"392-405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33432458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Cellular dynamics of the outer layers of the hair follicle of fine-wool sheep during the phase of stable hair growth].","authors":"É B Vsevolodov, V A Golichenkov, I F Latypov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The structure, origin, and migration of outer sheath cells of the hair follicles of domestic sheep were studied by electron microscopic, autoradiographic, and histochemical (glycogen) in order to understand the role of this layer in hair morphogenesis. We demonstrated that the cells of the outer layers of the outer sheath interpose into the inner \"companion\" layer of the outer sheath. Although this process takes place all along the hair follicle from the lower bulb up to the sebaceous glands orifices, it mainly takes place over the bulb. Labeled cells interposed into the companion layer move towards sebaceous glands orifices more than 24 hours faster than labeled cells of the inner sheath and hair, because these cells included the label not in the bulb cambium (as hair and inner sheath) but over the bulb, and from this point they start movement. Interposition of cells into the companion layer must cause increase of its volume and additional volume supposed to be led away into the pillar canal around the hair near the sebaceous glands orifices. This can provide the mechanism for the propagation of the hair and inner sheath promotion to sebaceous gland orifices.</p>","PeriodicalId":19673,"journal":{"name":"Ontogenez","volume":"45 6","pages":"412-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33432460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Assisted reproductive technologies and arterial hypertension].","authors":"D S Ragaeva, E Iu Brusentsev, S Ia Amstislavskiĭ","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effects of assisted reproductive technologies on the development of hypertensive phenotype were reviewed. A special emphasis is made on the effects of embryo culture and subsequent transfer on the blood pressure in the offspring. The analysis of studies with the laboratory models, mostly hypertensive strains of rats, is performed. These data are discussed in the context of the use theassisted reproductive technologies in medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":19673,"journal":{"name":"Ontogenez","volume":"45 5","pages":"299-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33113863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[The gene NANA regulates cell proliferation in Arabidopsis thaliana shoot apical meristem without interaction with CLV1, CLV2, CLV3].","authors":"A V Al'bert, U N Kavaĭ-ool, T A Ezhova","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A constancycy of stem cell pool in shoot apical meristem of Arabidopsis thaliana is provided by a genetic regulation system with negative feedback loop based on the interaction of the gene WUS, which maintains indeterminate state of cells, with CLV genes, which restrict the level of WUS expression and stem cell pool size. clv mutations lead to an increase in the pool of stem cells in the apical and floral meristems and wus mutation leads to the opposite effect. Mutation na (nana), like wus mutation, causes premature termination of shoot apical meristem function, although it does not affect the activity of the flower meristem. To elucidate the role of NA in the control of shoot apical meristem functioning, the interaction of NA with CLVgenes were investigated. Additive phenotype of double mutants na clv1, na clv1-1, anl na clv3-2 indicates that the NA gene makes an independent contribution to the functioning of the shoot apical meristem. It is assumed that the NA gene controls apical meristem cell proliferation during the transition to the reproductive phase of plant development, acting much later and independently of the genes WUS-CLV.</p>","PeriodicalId":19673,"journal":{"name":"Ontogenez","volume":"45 5","pages":"326-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33113871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Age-related changes in the rat lacrimal gland: specific morphology and unknown nature].","authors":"O S Gancharova, V N Manskikh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rat lacrimal apparatus includes several glands; among them, the exorbital gland plays the central role. Its parenchyma and stroma undergo prominent morphologic changes with age. The parenchymal transformation includes metaplasia of some of its acini and their turning into Harderian gland-like structures (harderization), accumulation of gland ducts (\"ductularization\"), and morphologic dysplasia-cytomegaly, karyomegaly, and'cell and nuclearpolymorphism in the other part of acini. All these transformations are hormone-dependent andsex-specific: theyoften appear in males. On the final stages of age-related transformations, the lacrimal gland tissue is morphologically similar to the neoplasm and has neoplastic morphology but no other features of a tumor. Therefore, the rat lacrimal gland is an interesting object to study tissue and cell atypia. In the rat glandular stroma, lymphocytic infiltration and fibrosis appear with age; these changes are similar to processes taking place in human lacrimal apparatus involved in the pathogenesis of senile dry eye syndrome. The spontaneous changes in the rat lacrimal gland, predominantly in male rats, can be used as a model of the human lacrimal apparatus disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":19673,"journal":{"name":"Ontogenez","volume":"45 5","pages":"289-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33113862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Regeneration and fibrosis of corneal tissues].","authors":"V N Simirskiĭ","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this review, the features of the regeneration of corneal tissue and its disorders leading to the development of fibrosis are considered. The data on the presence of stem (clonogenic) cell pool in the corneal tissues (epithelium, endothelium, stroma) are given; these cells can serve as a source for regeneration of the tissues at injury or various diseases. The main steps of regeneration of corneal tissues and their disorders that lead to outstripping proliferation of myofibroblasts and secretion of extracellular matrix in the wound area and eventually cause the formation of connective tissue scar and corneal opacity are considered. Particular attention is given to the successes of translational medicine in the treatment of corneal tissue fibrosis. The methods of cell therapy aimed at the restoration of stem cell pool of corneal tissues are the most promising. Gene therapy provides more opportunities; one of its main objectives is the suppression of the myofibroblast proliferation responsible for the development of fibrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19673,"journal":{"name":"Ontogenez","volume":"45 5","pages":"314-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33113867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Study of possible involvement of MEK mitogen-activated protein kinase and TGF-β receptor in planarian regeneration processes using pharmacological inhibition analysis].","authors":"A M Ermakov, O N Ermakova, S A Ermolaeva","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Possible involvement of MEK mitogen-activated protein kinase and TGF-β receptor in the processes of regeneration and morphogenesis in freshwater planarian flatworms Schmidtea mediterranea was studied using a pharmacological inhibitor analysis. It was found that pharmacological inhibitors of these kinases significantly inhibit the regeneration of the head end of the animals and that this effect is realized due to inhibition of proliferative activity of neoblasts, planarian stem cells. It is shown that that the inhibition of the studied protein kinases in regenerating planarians markedly disturbs stem cell differentiation and morphogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19673,"journal":{"name":"Ontogenez","volume":"45 5","pages":"355-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33113792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V M Belichenko, A S Turganbaeva, E V Khodyrev, L P Kisliakova, Iu Ia Kisliakov, K A Shoshenko
{"title":"[The tissue oxygen partial pressure in organs of hens in the second half of embryogenesis and in the first days after hatching].","authors":"V M Belichenko, A S Turganbaeva, E V Khodyrev, L P Kisliakova, Iu Ia Kisliakov, K A Shoshenko","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the study was measure the development chick tissue partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in the brain cerebral hemispheres, liver, M. pectoralis, M. gastrocnemius, and to estimate the correlation of this index with our previously measured values (laser-Doppler flowmetry) volume blood flow (BF) in these organs. We studied 10-, 15-, and 19-day embryos and 4-day chickens thatwere anesthetized with urethane. pO2 measurements were made in thesurface layers of organs by the membrane amperometric Clark-type O2-electrode with a diameter of about 50 microm of the cathode placed in the center of the sensor with an outer diameter of 3.4 mm. Disclosed noticeable distinction of both the organ tissue pO2 values, and the dynamics of their changes duringthe study period. The most important of them: (1) the lowest pO2 (and BF) is observed in the brain and particularly in the liver of 10-day embryos; (2) in the subsequent period of embryogenesis pO2 in the brain increases 1.9 times (rising and BF) in M. pectoralis it falls by 1.7 times and in the liver.and in M. gastrocnemius changes little wherein the BF in both liver and muscles is not changed, (3) after hatching pO2 in the liver and M. petoralis fold increased (also increasing and BF), and in the brain and M. gastrocnemius, despite the increase BF (greater in the niuscle) did not significant change. In the analysis ofthedata are considered two possible mechanisms of change of tissue pO2 in the developing organs of chickens, one is due to the peculiarities of intracardiac blood flows; and the other is related to thesingularity of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation in the blood capillary bed of organ, determined by the specifics of its oxidative metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":19673,"journal":{"name":"Ontogenez","volume":"45 5","pages":"333-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33113866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E V Protsenko, M E Vasil'eva, L P Peretiatko, A I Malyshkina
{"title":"[Morphological changes in ventricular germinal zone and neocortex of the cerebral hemispheres in human fetuses and newborns on weeks 22-40 of prenatal development].","authors":"E V Protsenko, M E Vasil'eva, L P Peretiatko, A I Malyshkina","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we investigated the morphology of the ventricular germinal zone and neocortex of the cerebral hemispheres in the projection field no. 4 of the motor area in human fetuses in dynamics from week 22 to 40 of fetal development. Morphological study allowed us to clarify the following patterns of prenatal ontogeny of the human CNS. On weeks 22-27, an intensive formation of the main sulci of the first order, differentiating the brain into lobes, is observed. By weeks 28-32, the formation of all sulci of the first order is completed; and on weeks 33-37, additional sulci characteristic of an individual are formed. The spurt of gyrification of the cortex (weeks 22-27) practically coincides with the completion of neuronal differentiation and formation of the motor neocortex. The structure of the latter is characterized by a clear stratification of cytoarchitectonic layers and modular organization of neurons with their vertical orientation in cell columns (weeks 25-27). In subsequent weeks of prenatal development until birth, no significant changes in the topography and structure of the neocortex are observed. Structural rearrangement of the ventricular germinal zone on weeks 22-40 of prenatal development consists in its gradual reduction and is completed on weeks 37-40. The criteria of physiological reduction of this area are the zonal location of glioblasts and a progressive decrease in its thickness on weeks 33-37 of prenatal development.</p>","PeriodicalId":19673,"journal":{"name":"Ontogenez","volume":"45 5","pages":"349-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33113794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}