Oral microbiology and immunology最新文献

{"title":"Extensive oral shedding of human herpesvirus 8 in a renal allograft recipient.","authors":"L M Al-Otaibi,&nbsp;M H Al-Sulaiman,&nbsp;C G Teo,&nbsp;S R Porter","doi":"10.1111/j.1399-302X.2008.00481.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2008.00481.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Studies were conducted to investigate changes in the extent of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) shedding and diversity of HHV-8 strains in the mouth of a renal allograft recipient who developed cutaneous post-transplantation Kaposi's sarcoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Matched oral and blood samples were obtained from a Saudi Arabian renal allograft recipient from 3 days before to 38 weeks after transplantation, and from his kidney donor. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocols to amplify selected HHV-8 sub-genomic regions were applied to detect and quantify HHV-8 DNA. Sequence diversity was determined by cloning the PCR products and subjecting them to denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and to nucleotide sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Before transplantation, the recipient was seropositive for anti-HHV-8 immunoglobulin G, but the donor was seronegative; HHV-8 DNA could be detected in the recipient's blood, whole-mouth saliva (WMS) and buccal exfoliates, and the salivary viral load was estimated as 2.6 million genome-copies/ml. Post-transplantation, the recipient's salivary viral load initially increased to 4.1 million genome-copies/ml, and thereafter declined precipitously, coinciding with an increase in the dosage of valaciclovir given; HHV-8 DNA was detected most often in WMS compared with parotid saliva, and buccal and palatal exfoliates. Carriage of multiple HHV-8 strains was evident in blood and oral samples; whereas before transplantation strains belonging to genotypes A1 and A5 were observed, after transplantation genotype A5 strains became dominant and A2 strains emerged.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Immunosuppression and antiviral prophylaxis may interact to influence the spectrum of oral HHV-8 strains and the extent of post-transplantation HHV-8 shedding into the mouth.</p>","PeriodicalId":19630,"journal":{"name":"Oral microbiology and immunology","volume":"24 2","pages":"109-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2008.00481.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28004607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of two component signaling response regulators in acid tolerance of Streptococcus mutans.","authors":"M Kawada-Matsuo,&nbsp;Y Shibata,&nbsp;Y Yamashita","doi":"10.1111/j.1399-302X.2008.00485.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2008.00485.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In bacteria, two-component systems (TCS) involving the products of a histidine kinase gene (hk) and a response regulator gene (rr) play important roles in adaptation to environmental changes. Fourteen hk-rr homologs and one orphan rr homolog were identified in the Streptococcus mutans UA159 genome database. There have been no comprehensive evaluations of the roles of rr homologs in the acid tolerance of S. mutans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The TCS genes (tcs) of S. mutans were designated smtcs01-15. Mutants of S. mutans UA159 with deletions of rr and hk-rr were constructed. Acid tolerance was evaluated by comparing the doubling times at pH 7.2 and pH 5.5 between the wild-type and mutant strains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Excluding smtcs10 and 12, for which viable mutants could not be obtained, a total of 13 rr deletion mutants were constructed. The rr deletions in smtcs03, 05, 08, and 13 resulted in diminished acid tolerance in comparison with UA159. The hk-rr double-mutants exhibited acid sensitivity levels similar to those of the corresponding rr mutants. The results of the present study reveal the involvement of the rr genes of smtcs03 and 05 in acid tolerance. Deletion of hk and/or rr in smtcs03 generated an acid-sensitive phenotype. In contrast, for smtcs05, while deletion of rr resulted in reduced acid tolerance, a single-deletion of hk had no effect on acid tolerance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We implicated two rr genes in the acid tolerance of S. mutans. In particular, smtcs05 is a novel tcs, the sole rr of which is involved in the acid tolerance of S. mutans.</p>","PeriodicalId":19630,"journal":{"name":"Oral microbiology and immunology","volume":"24 2","pages":"173-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2008.00485.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28003471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of a single bacterial cell using a 16S ribosomal RNA-specific oligonucleotide probe designed to investigate periodontal pathogens.","authors":"K Tsuruda,&nbsp;A Shimazu,&nbsp;M Sugai","doi":"10.1111/j.1399-302X.2008.00486.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2008.00486.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The current detection methods for periodontopathogens mainly use polymerase chain reactions. However, there are few methods available for visualizing the bacteria that impact on patients with periodontal disease for use in health education. The purpose of this study was to develop a specific detection method to visualize periodontopathogenic bacteria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fluorescently-labeled oligonucleotide probes directed to specific 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were synthesized. Cultured individual bacterial species were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and smeared on glass slides. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled oligonucleotide probes were hybridized under stringent conditions with smeared whole cells, and then probe specificity was investigated by epifluorescence microscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Comparatively long (50-mer) oligonucleotide probes for P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans were designed. These probes clearly hybridized with 16S rRNA of the target species in situ and single bacterial cells were detectable visually. The probes exhibited no cross-hybridization against the additional organisms that were closely related to the target species.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The fluorescence in situ hybridization technique is a specific and reliable method by which to visually identify the target organisms. The oligonucleotide probes designed in this study will be useful for detecting P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19630,"journal":{"name":"Oral microbiology and immunology","volume":"24 2","pages":"133-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2008.00486.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28004610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship of neutrophil phagocytosis and oxidative burst with the subgingival microbiota of generalized aggressive periodontitis.","authors":"R P M Carvalho,&nbsp;J S Mesquita,&nbsp;A Bonomo,&nbsp;P X Elsas,&nbsp;A P V Colombo","doi":"10.1111/j.1399-302X.2008.00484.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2008.00484.x","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000Polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) dysfunctions have been associated with severe forms of periodontitis. This study evaluated the correlation between PMN phagocytosis and oxidative burst with the subgingival microbiota of patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP).\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Heparinized peripheral blood samples were obtained from 18 GAgP patients and 11 periodontally healthy (PH) subjects, and PMNs were isolated on a Ficoll-Hypaque gradient. For phagocytosis analysis, PMNs were incubated with fluorescein-labeled Staphylococcus aureus. The oxidative burst was evaluated by incubation of PMNs with dihydroethidium and activation by S. aureus. The assays were examined using flow cytometry. Subgingival biofilm samples were obtained from periodontal sites with and without periodontitis and 24 species were detected by checkerboard.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000A significantly lower phagocytosis rate was observed for patients with GAgP compared with PH subjects over time (P < 0.05). No differences between groups were found for superoxide production. GAgP patients presented significantly higher prevalence and levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotype b than controls (P < 0.05). Significant negative correlations between T. forsythia and P. gingivalis and PMN functions were observed.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000GAgP subjects presented diminished phagocytic activity of peripheral PMNs and high prevalence and levels of classical periodontal pathogens.","PeriodicalId":19630,"journal":{"name":"Oral microbiology and immunology","volume":"24 2","pages":"124-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2008.00484.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28004609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasion of human coronary artery endothelial cells by Streptococcus mutans OMZ175.","authors":"J Abranches,&nbsp;L Zeng,&nbsp;M Bélanger,&nbsp;P H Rodrigues,&nbsp;P J Simpson-Haidaris,&nbsp;D Akin,&nbsp;W A Dunn,&nbsp;A Progulske-Fox,&nbsp;R A Burne","doi":"10.1111/j.1399-302X.2008.00487.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2008.00487.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dissemination of oral bacteria into the bloodstream has been associated with eating, oral hygiene, and dental procedures; including tooth extraction, endodontic treatment, and periodontal surgery. Recently, studies identified Streptococcus mutans, the primary etiological agent of dental caries, as the most prevalent bacterial species found in clinical samples from patients who underwent heart valve and atheromatous plaque surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>By using antibiotic protection assays, we tested the capacity of 14 strains of S. mutans to invade primary human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serotype e strain B14 and serotype f strain OMZ175 of S. mutans were able to efficiently invade HCAEC. Among the tested strains, serotype f S. mutans OMZ175 was the most invasive, whereas strains of serotype c S. mutans, the most prevalent serotype in dental plaque, were not invasive. Based on its high invasion rate, we further investigated the invasive properties of serotype f OMZ175. Using transmission electron microscopy and antibiotic protection assays we demonstrate that S. mutans OMZ175 is capable of attaching to the HCAEC surface, entering the cells and surviving in HCAEC for at least 29 h.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our findings highlight a potential role for S. mutans in the pathogenesis of certain cardiovascular diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19630,"journal":{"name":"Oral microbiology and immunology","volume":"24 2","pages":"141-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2008.00487.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28004611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of oral commensal and pathogenic bacteria on human dendritic cells.","authors":"T Chino,&nbsp;D M Santer,&nbsp;D Giordano,&nbsp;C Chen,&nbsp;C Li,&nbsp;C-H Chen,&nbsp;R P Darveau,&nbsp;E A Clark","doi":"10.1111/j.1399-302X.2008.00478.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2008.00478.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>The oral cavity harbors a diverse and complex microbial community. Bacteria accumulate on both the hard and soft oral tissues in sessile biofilms and engage the host in an intricate cellular dialog, which normally constrains the bacteria to a state of commensal harmony. Dendritic cells (DCs) are likely to balance tolerance and active immunity to commensal microorganisms as part of chronic inflammatory responses. While the role played by DCs in maintaining intestinal homeostasis has been investigated extensively, relatively little is known about DC responses to oral bacteria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we pulsed human monocyte-derived immature DCs (iDCs) with cell wall extracts from pathogenic and commensal gram-positive or gram-negative oral bacteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although all bacterial extracts tested induced iDCs to mature and produce cytokines/chemokines including interleukin-12p40, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), the most important factor for programming DCs by oral bacteria was whether they were gram-positive or gram-negative, not whether they were commensal or pathogenic. In general, gram-negative oral bacteria, except for periodontopathic Porphyromonas gingivalis, stimulated DC maturation and cytokine production at lower concentrations than gram-positive oral bacteria. The threshold of bacteria needed to stimulate chemokine production was 100-fold to 1000-fold lower than that needed to induce cytokines. In addition, very low doses of oral commensal bacteria triggered monocytes to migrate toward DC-derived MCP-1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Oral commensal and pathogenic bacteria do not differ qualitatively in how they program DCs. DC-derived MCP-1 induced in response to oral commensal bacteria may play a role, at least in part, in the maintenance of oral tissue integrity by attracting monocytes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19630,"journal":{"name":"Oral microbiology and immunology","volume":"24 2","pages":"96-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2008.00478.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28004112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of recombinase A deficiency on biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans.","authors":"S Inagaki,&nbsp;M Matsumoto-Nakano,&nbsp;K Fujita,&nbsp;K Nagayama,&nbsp;J Funao,&nbsp;T Ooshima","doi":"10.1111/j.1399-302X.2008.00480.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2008.00480.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Recombinase A (RecA) is essential for the transformation of both plasmid and chromosomal DNA in Streptococcus pneumoniae and is considered to be related to the SOS-response in Streptococcus mutans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the present study, a RecA-deficient mutant strain (RAD) was constructed by insertional inactivation of the recA gene encoding the RecA protein in strain MT8148 of S. mutans, after which the biological functions of acid tolerance and biofilm formation were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RAD showed reduced acid tolerance and produced lower density biofilm compared with the wild-type strain. In addition, confocal microscopic observation indicated that the biofilm produced by RAD was composed of cells with significantly lower viability compared with that produced by strain MT8148.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that RecA has a relationship with biofilm formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19630,"journal":{"name":"Oral microbiology and immunology","volume":"24 2","pages":"104-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2008.00480.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28004606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the humoral immune response to the cytolethal distending toxin of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Y4 in subjects with localized aggressive periodontitis.","authors":"I Xynogala,&nbsp;A Volgina,&nbsp;J M DiRienzo,&nbsp;J Korostoff","doi":"10.1111/j.1399-302X.2008.00483.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2008.00483.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt) is potentially one of several virulence factors of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, the prime etiological agent of localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP). Little is known regarding the Cdt-specific antibody response in humans. The current study is a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the toxin-specific antibody response in a cohort of LAP patients and age-, race- and sex-matched controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety-five subjects provided a total of 692 serum samples. Sera were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to determine the titers of antibody against the intact Cdt holotoxin as well as the individual subunit proteins (CdtA, CdtB, and CdtC). Neutralization of growth inhibition mediated by Cdt was evaluated in a modified colony-forming assay using Chinese hamster ovary cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen of the 95 subjects exhibited significant serum Cdt-binding activity. There were no differences in the percentages of seropositive individuals or in the mean antibody titers between the control and LAP groups. Binding activity was detected against each of the three Cdt subunit proteins in all of the positive samples. Neutralization of Cdt-mediated growth inhibition was detected in samples from all of the seropositive subjects (range 20-75%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cdt, a recently identified A. actinomycetemcomitans virulence factor, is capable of inducing a neutralizing antibody response indicating that the toxin is produced during natural infection of humans. The failure of a vast majority (20 of 23) of the LAP subjects to mount a significant anti-Cdt response may in part explain their relative susceptibility to the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19630,"journal":{"name":"Oral microbiology and immunology","volume":"24 2","pages":"116-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2008.00483.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28004608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple components contribute to ability of saliva to inhibit influenza viruses.","authors":"M. White, E. Helmerhorst, A. Ligtenberg, Marshall Karpel, T. Tecle, Walter L. Siqueira, Frank G. Oppenheim, K. Hartshorn","doi":"10.1111/j.1399-302X.2008.00468.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2008.00468.x","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000Saliva is a potentially important barrier against respiratory viral infection but its mechanism of action is not well studied.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000We tested the antiviral activities of whole saliva, specific salivary gland secretions, and purified salivary proteins against strains of influenza A virus (IAV) in vitro.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Whole saliva or parotid or submandibular/sublingual secretions from healthy donors inhibited IAV based on hemagglutination inhibition and neutralization assays. This differs from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), for which only submandibular/sublingual secretions are reported to be inhibitory. Among purified salivary proteins, MUC5B, scavenger receptor cysteine-rich glycoprotein 340 (salivary gp-340), histatins, and human neutrophil defensins (HNPs) inhibited IAV at the concentrations present in whole saliva. In contrast, some abundant salivary proteins (acidic proline-rich proteins and amylase) had no activity, nor did several other less abundant salivary proteins with known activity against HIV (e.g. thrombospondin or serum leukocyte protease inhibitor). Whole saliva and MUC5B did not inhibit neuraminidase activity of IAV and viral neutralizing and aggregating activity of MUC5B was potentiated by the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir. Hence, MUC5B inhibits IAV by presenting a sialic acid ligand for the viral hemagglutinin. The mechanism of action of histatins requires further study.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000These findings indicate that saliva represents an important initial barrier to IAV infection and underline the complexity of host defense activity of oral secretions. Of interest, antiviral activity of saliva against IAV and HIV differs in terms of specific glandular secretions and proteins that are inhibitory.","PeriodicalId":19630,"journal":{"name":"Oral microbiology and immunology","volume":"316 1","pages":"18-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2008.00468.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62843626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid of adolescents and young adults.","authors":"J. Kamma, A. Mombelli, K. Tsinidou, V. Vasdekis, C. Giannopoulou","doi":"10.1111/j.1399-302X.2008.00466.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2008.00466.x","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND/AIM\u0000The purpose of this study was to compare the levels of the cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-4, and IL-8 in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of adolescents and young adults.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Twenty-five adolescents aged between 14 and 16 years (Group A) and 20 periodontally healthy young adults aged between 25 and 35 years (Group B) were selected from two private dental clinics limited to pedodontics and periodontics respectively in Piraeus Greece. All subjects were systemically healthy. Clinical examination included probing pocket depth (PPD), presence or absence of plaque, and bleeding on probing (BOP). GCF was collected from four sites per subject. IL-1beta, IL-4, and IL-8, measured as total amounts (pg/30 s), were evaluated in 180 samples using a commercially available sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000IL-1beta mean levels of Groups A and B were adjusted for BOP and PPD. Differences of IL-1beta mean levels between the two age groups were statistically significant (F = 50.245, P < 0.001) in favour of Group A. Adolescents showed statistically significantly lower mean levels of IL-4 than young adults in the presence of BOP (F = 10.690, P = 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between adolescents and adults for the means of IL-8 adjusted for BOP and plaque presence (F = 2.032, P = 0.161).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Within the limits of this study the differences reported in mean levels of IL-1beta and IL-4 may be attributed to the different age status.","PeriodicalId":19630,"journal":{"name":"Oral microbiology and immunology","volume":"24 1 1","pages":"7-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2008.00466.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62843576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}