Open Biology最新文献_第9页

F.A.C.E.: Friendly And Considerate Editors. f.a.c.e.：友好和体贴的编辑。

IF 4.5 3区生物学

Open Biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.250008

Jonathon Pines

引用次数: 0

Enzymes enabling the biosynthesis of various C₂₀ polyunsaturated fatty acids in a sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. 能在海胆中合成各种C20多不饱和脂肪酸的酶。

IF 4.5 3区生物学

Open Biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.240170

Yingying Peng, Yutaka Haga, Naoki Kabeya

{"title":"Enzymes enabling the biosynthesis of various C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids in a sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus.","authors":"Yingying Peng, Yutaka Haga, Naoki Kabeya","doi":"10.1098/rsob.240170","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsob.240170","url":null,"abstract":"Sea urchins, integral to marine ecosystems and valued as a delicacy in Asia and Europe, contain physiologically important long-chain (>C20) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in their gonads, including arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and unusual non-methylene-interrupted fatty acids (NMI-FA) such as 20:2Δ5,11. Although these fatty acids may partially be derived from their diet, such as macroalgae, the present study on Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus has uncovered multiple genes encoding enzymes involved in long-chain PUFA biosynthesis. Specifically, 3 fatty acid desaturases (FadsA, FadsC1 and FadsC2) and 13 elongation of very-long-chain fatty acids proteins (Elovl-like, Elovl1/7-like, Elovl2/5-like, Elovl4-like, Elovl8-like and Elovl6-like A-H) were identified in their genome and transcriptomes. Functional analysis showed that FadsA and FadsC2 function as a Δ5 desaturase and a Δ8 desaturase, respectively, enabling the conversion of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 into ARA and EPA, respectively, along with Elovl, particularly Elovl6-like C. Elovl6-like C demonstrates elongase activity towards both C18 PUFA and monounsaturated fatty acids. Consequently, FadsA and Elovl6-like C enable the synthesis of several NMI-FA, including 20:2Δ5,11 and 20:3Δ5,11,14, from C18 precursors. This indicates that H. pulcherrimus can endogenously synthesize a wide variety of C20 PUFA and NMI-FA, highlighting active biosynthesis pathways within sea urchins.","PeriodicalId":19629,"journal":{"name":"Open Biology","volume":"15 1","pages":"240170"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11750391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanics of cell sheets: plectin as an integrator of cytoskeletal networks. 细胞片的力学：作为细胞骨架网络整合者的胶素。

IF 4.5 3区生物学

Open Biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.240208

Zuzana Outla, Magdalena Prechova, Katerina Korelova, Jakub Gemperle, Martin Gregor

{"title":"Mechanics of cell sheets: plectin as an integrator of cytoskeletal networks.","authors":"Zuzana Outla, Magdalena Prechova, Katerina Korelova, Jakub Gemperle, Martin Gregor","doi":"10.1098/rsob.240208","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsob.240208","url":null,"abstract":"Epithelia are multicellular sheets that form barriers defining the internal and external environments. The constant stresses acting at this interface require that epithelial sheets are mechanically robust and provide a selective barrier to the hostile exterior. These properties are mediated by cellular junctions which are physically linked with heavily crosslinked cytoskeletal networks. Such hardwiring is facilitated by plakins, a family of giant modular proteins which serve as 'molecular bridges' between different cytoskeletal filaments and multiprotein adhesion complexes. Dysfunction of cytoskeletal crosslinking compromises epithelial biomechanics and structural integrity. Subsequent loss of barrier function leads to disturbed tissue homeostasis and pathological consequences such as skin blistering or intestinal inflammation. In this article, we highlight the importance of the cytolinker protein plectin for the functional organization of epithelial cytoskeletal networks. In particular, we focus on the ability of plectin to act as an integrator of the epithelial cytoarchitecture that defines the biomechanics of the whole tissue. Finally, we also discuss the role of cytoskeletal crosslinking in emerging aspects of epithelial mechanobiology that are critical for the maintenance of epithelial homeostasis.","PeriodicalId":19629,"journal":{"name":"Open Biology","volume":"15 1","pages":"240208"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11774597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A simple inland culture system provides insights into ascidian post-embryonic developmental physiology. 一个简单的内陆培养系统提供了对海鞘胚胎后发育生理学的见解。

IF 4.5 3区生物学

Open Biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.240340

Birthe Thuesen Mathiesen, Mayu Ohta, Boris Pinto De Magalhaes, Chiara Castelletti, Vincenzo Perria, Keaton Schuster, Lionel Christiaen, Naoyuki Ohta

{"title":"A simple inland culture system provides insights into ascidian post-embryonic developmental physiology.","authors":"Birthe Thuesen Mathiesen, Mayu Ohta, Boris Pinto De Magalhaes, Chiara Castelletti, Vincenzo Perria, Keaton Schuster, Lionel Christiaen, Naoyuki Ohta","doi":"10.1098/rsob.240340","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsob.240340","url":null,"abstract":"Maintenance and breeding of experimental organisms are fundamental to life sciences, but both initial and running costs, and hands-on zootechnical demands can be challenging for many laboratories. Here, we first aimed to further develop a simple protocol for reliable inland culture of tunicate model species of the Ciona genus. We cultured both Ciona robusta and Ciona intestinalis in controlled experimental conditions, with a focus on dietary variables, and quantified growth and maturation parameters. From statistical analysis of these standardized datasets, we gained insights into the post-embryonic developmental physiology of Ciona and inferred an improved diet and culturing conditions for sexual maturation. We showed that body length is a critical determinant of both somatic and sexual maturation, which suggests the existence of systemic control mechanisms of resource allocation towards somatic growth or maturation and supports applying size selection as a predictor of reproductive fitness in our inland culture to keep the healthiest animals at low density in the system. In the end, we successfully established a new protocol, including size selection, to promote both sperm and egg production. Our protocol using small tanks will empower researchers to initiate inland Ciona cultures with low costs and reduced space constraints.","PeriodicalId":19629,"journal":{"name":"Open Biology","volume":"15 1","pages":"240340"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11732436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

RNA splicing: a split consensus reveals two major 5' splice site classes. RNA剪接：一个分裂共识揭示了两个主要的5'剪接位点类别。

IF 4.5 3区生物学

Open Biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.240293

Matthew T Parker, Sebastian M Fica, Gordon G Simpson

引用次数: 0

GLP-1/GLP-1R axis: from metabolism (obesity and T2DM) to immunity. GLP-1/GLP-1R轴：从代谢（肥胖和T2DM）到免疫。

IF 4.5 3区生物学

Open Biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.240303

Vijay Kumar

{"title":"GLP-1/GLP-1R axis: from metabolism (obesity and T2DM) to immunity.","authors":"Vijay Kumar","doi":"10.1098/rsob.240303","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsob.240303","url":null,"abstract":"The discovery of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has revolutionized metabolism research in the context of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). For example, worldwide, more than 537 million adults are affected with T2DM, and more than 30.3 million people in the USA alone are suffering from T2DM. Obesity is one independent risk factor for T2DM; therefore, targeting obesity may lower the T2DM development risk. Hence, pharmaceutical companies have developed different GLP-1R agonists (GLP-1RAs) to target obesity and T2DM, which comprised multibillion-dollar businesses. However, metabolism and immune response are well-correlated processes that affect each other. For example, recent advances in metabolic processes governing the immune response have led to the evolution of immunometabolism, which can be divided into cellular, tissue and systemic immunometabolism. The current open-question article is intended to explore the impact of the GLP-1/GLP-1R axis on the immune response governed by the functioning of various immune cells and their interaction with the nervous system and microbiota axis that further depends on the gender and circadian clock of the host. Along with food/sugar ingestion, several other factors controlling the GLP-1 secretion and its immunomodulatory functions have been discussed to highlight the importance of the GLP-1/GLP-1R axis in immunoregulation. Therefore, understanding the GLP-1/GLP-1R axis/interaction at the immunological level will help to understand the adverse events associated with GLP-1RAs and their use as an immunomodulatory agent in acute and chronic inflammatory conditions depending on the gender and metabolic status of the host.","PeriodicalId":19629,"journal":{"name":"Open Biology","volume":"15 7","pages":"240303"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12212992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The olfactory pathway in the peracarid crustacean Parhyale hawaiensis (Malacostraca): new insights into the evolution of olfactory processing in Pancrustacea. 过壳纲夏威夷Parhyale （Malacostraca）的嗅觉通路：对泛壳纲嗅觉加工进化的新认识。

IF 4.5 3区生物学

Open Biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.240397

Katja Kümmerlen, Rabea Schlüter, Steffen Harzsch

{"title":"The olfactory pathway in the peracarid crustacean Parhyale hawaiensis (Malacostraca): new insights into the evolution of olfactory processing in Pancrustacea.","authors":"Katja Kümmerlen, Rabea Schlüter, Steffen Harzsch","doi":"10.1098/rsob.240397","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsob.240397","url":null,"abstract":"Our current understanding of the functional morphology of olfactory systems in arthropods largely relies on information obtained in hexapods. Existing analyses of the olfactory pathway in crustacean representatives have suggested that these animals share several corresponding anatomical elements with hexapod olfactory systems but that the latter likely feature a different olfactory wiring logic from receptor to olfactory glomerulus. This study sets out to further explore the diversity of arthropod olfactory systems by presenting a detailed morphological analysis of the peripheral and central olfactory pathways in an emerging model system, the peracarid crustacean Parhyale hawaiensis (Malacostraca). These animals feature all neuronal elements that characterize malacostracan crustacean's olfactory systems, and the simplicity of this animal's olfactory system provided the unique opportunity to quantify the numbers of olfactory sensilla and associated sensory neurons, olfactory interneurons and olfactory glomeruli. These data showed that the number of those neuronal elements is highly variable across individuals, contrasting with more stable numbers of neuronal elements in hexapod olfactory systems that typically are characterized by olfactory glomeruli with individual identities and constant numbers. We discuss the possible steps needed for an evolutionary transformation of a malacostracan crustacean type of olfactory system into a hexapod type.","PeriodicalId":19629,"journal":{"name":"Open Biology","volume":"15 5","pages":"240397"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Targeting of retrovirus-derived Rtl8a/8b causes late-onset obesity, reduced social response and increased apathy-like behaviour. 靶向逆转录病毒衍生的Rtl8a/8b可导致晚发性肥胖、社会反应降低和冷漠样行为增加。

IF 4.5 3区生物学

Open Biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.240279

Yoshifumi Fujioka, Hirosuke Shiura, Masayuki Ishii, Ryuichi Ono, Tsutomu Endo, Hiroshi Kiyonari, Yoshikazu Hirate, Hikaru Ito, Masami Kanai-Azuma, Takashi Kohda, Tomoko Kaneko-Ishino, Fumitoshi Ishino

{"title":"Targeting of retrovirus-derived Rtl8a/8b causes late-onset obesity, reduced social response and increased apathy-like behaviour.","authors":"Yoshifumi Fujioka, Hirosuke Shiura, Masayuki Ishii, Ryuichi Ono, Tsutomu Endo, Hiroshi Kiyonari, Yoshikazu Hirate, Hikaru Ito, Masami Kanai-Azuma, Takashi Kohda, Tomoko Kaneko-Ishino, Fumitoshi Ishino","doi":"10.1098/rsob.240279","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsob.240279","url":null,"abstract":"Retrotransposon Gag-like (RTL) 8A, 8B and 8C are eutherian-specific genes derived from a certain retrovirus. They cluster as a triplet of genes on the X chromosome, but their function remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that Rtl8a and Rtl8b play important roles in the brain: their double knockout (DKO) mice not only exhibit reduced social responses and increased apathy-like behaviour, but also become obese from young adulthood, similar to patients with late Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), a neurodevelopmental genomic imprinting disorder. Mouse RTL8A/8B proteins are expressed in the prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus and localize to both the nucleus and cytoplasm of neurons, presumably due to the N-terminal nuclear localization signal-like sequence at the N-terminus. An RNAseq study in the cerebral cortex revealed reduced expression of several GABA type A receptor subunit genes in DKO, in particular Gabrb2, which encodes its β2 subunit. We confirmed the reduction of GABRB2 protein in the DKO cerebral cortex by western blotting. As GABRB2 has been implicated in the aetiology of several neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, it is likely that the reduction of GABRB2 is one of the major causes of the neuropsychiatric defects in the DKO mice.","PeriodicalId":19629,"journal":{"name":"Open Biology","volume":"15 1","pages":"240279"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11774587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structure of WzxE the lipid III flippase for Enterobacterial Common Antigen polysaccharide. 肠杆菌共同抗原多糖脂质III翻转酶WzxE的结构。

IF 4.5 3区生物学

Open Biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.240310

Audrey Le Bas, Bradley R Clarke, Tanisha Teelucksingh, Micah Lee, Kamel El Omari, Andrew M Giltrap, Stephen A McMahon, Hui Liu, John H Beale, Vitaliy Mykhaylyk, Ramona Duman, Neil G Paterson, Philip N Ward, Peter J Harrison, Miriam Weckener, Els Pardon, Jan Steyaert, Huanting Liu, Andrew Quigley, Benjamin G Davis, Armin Wagner, Chris Whitfield, James H Naismith

{"title":"Structure of WzxE the lipid III flippase for Enterobacterial Common Antigen polysaccharide.","authors":"Audrey Le Bas, Bradley R Clarke, Tanisha Teelucksingh, Micah Lee, Kamel El Omari, Andrew M Giltrap, Stephen A McMahon, Hui Liu, John H Beale, Vitaliy Mykhaylyk, Ramona Duman, Neil G Paterson, Philip N Ward, Peter J Harrison, Miriam Weckener, Els Pardon, Jan Steyaert, Huanting Liu, Andrew Quigley, Benjamin G Davis, Armin Wagner, Chris Whitfield, James H Naismith","doi":"10.1098/rsob.240310","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsob.240310","url":null,"abstract":"The enterobacterial common antigen (ECA) is conserved in Gram-negative bacteria of the Enterobacterales order although its function is debated. ECA biogenesis depends on the Wzx/Wzy-dependent strategy whereby the newly synthesized lipid-linked repeat units, lipid III, are transferred across the inner membrane by the lipid III flippase WzxE. WzxE is part of the Wzx family and required in many glycan assembly systems, but an understanding of its molecular mechanism is hindered due to a lack of structural evidence. Here, we present the first X-ray structures of WzxE from Escherichia coli in complex with nanobodies. Both inward- and outward-facing conformations highlight two pairs of arginine residues that move in a reciprocal fashion, enabling flipping. One of the arginine pairs coordinated to a glutamate residue is essential for activity along with the C-terminal arginine rich tail located close to the entrance of the lumen. This work helps understand the translocation mechanism of the Wzx flippase family.","PeriodicalId":19629,"journal":{"name":"Open Biology","volume":"15 1","pages":"240310"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11706664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142952828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recent advances in understanding of enterobacterial common antigen synthesis and regulation. 肠杆菌共同抗原合成与调控的研究进展。

IF 4.5 3区生物学

Open Biology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.250055

Haley C Bennett, Angela M Mitchell

引用次数: 0