Ophthalmology and Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Hydroxypropyl-Methylcellulose and GlicoPro^® Eyedrops in the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease: In Vitro and Clinical Study.","authors":"Edoardo Villani, Giuseppe Campagna, Valentina Gentili, Elisa Imelde Postorino, Paola Genovese, Paola Palino, Gloria Maini, Alice Carbucicchio, Eleonora Ferioli, Paolo Nucci, Roberta Rizzo, Pasquale Aragona","doi":"10.1007/s40123-025-01101-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40123-025-01101-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Artificial tear substitutes are key elements in the first-line treatment of dry eye disease (DED). We hypothesized that GlicoPro^®, a new multimolecular complex based on proteins, sulfured and unsulfured glycosaminoglycans and opiorphin, was able to significantly improve the effect of hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC) eyedrops in treating DED.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed an in vitro experiment and a clinical study, comparing an HPMC + GlicoPro^®-based to an HPMC-based ophthalmic formulation (similar kinematic viscosity and comparable HPMC concentration). An in vitro dry eye model was established by inducing hyperosmolarity in the base medium of human corneal epithelial cells HCE-2. After treatment with ophthalmic formulations, the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and enzymes (IL-20, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, MMP-9, and MCP-1) was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, we performed a single-blind randomized 1:1 clinical trial, aimed to compare the efficacy of the two formulations instilled four times per day (QID), in treating mild-to-moderate DED. Symptoms (Ocular Surface Disease Index and Symptom Assessment iN Dry Eye), clinical signs, and ocular surface imaging data were assessed at baseline and after 1 and 3 months of treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In vitro experiment: under hyperosmotic conditions, corneal epithelial cells upregulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-20, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8. Treatment with HPMC + GlicoPro^® significantly decreased the expression of all inflammatory markers tested, including cytokines, MMP-9, and MCP-1 (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Clinical study: </strong>the HPMC + GlicoPro^® formulation showed a significantly higher effect in improving symptoms (overall treatment effect: P < 0.001), tear film stability, and markers of inflammation on corneal confocal microscopy (P < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both in vitro and clinical data provided evidence supporting the role of GlicoPro^® in improving the effect of HPMC in DED treatment.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>NCT06726525.</p>","PeriodicalId":19623,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"787-803"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11920458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Efficacy of Large Language Models in Guiding Treatment Decisions for Pediatric Refractive Error.","authors":"Daohuan Kang, Hongkang Wu, Lu Yuan, Wenyue Shen, Jia Feng, Jiao Zhan, Andrzej Grzybowski, Wen Sun, Kai Jin","doi":"10.1007/s40123-025-01105-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40123-025-01105-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Effective management of pediatric myopia, which includes treatments like corrective lenses and low-dose atropine, requires accurate clinical decisions. However, the complexity of pediatric refractive data, such as variations in visual acuity, axial length, and patient-specific factors, pose challenges to determining optimal treatment. This study aims to evaluate the performance of three large language models in analyzing these refractive data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A dataset of 100 pediatric refractive records, including parameters like visual acuity and axial length, was analyzed using ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4o, and Wenxin Yiyan, respectively. Each model was tasked with determining whether intervention was needed and subsequently recommending a treatment (eyeglasses, orthokeratology lens, or low-dose atropine). The recommendations were compared to professional optometrists' consensus, rated on a 1-5 Global Quality Score (GQS) scale, and evaluated for clinical safety utilizing a three-tier accuracy assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ChatGPT-4o outperformed both ChatGPT-3.5 and Wenxin Yiyan in determining intervention needs, with an accuracy of 90%, significantly higher than Wenxin Yiyan (p < 0.05). It also achieved the highest GQS of 4.4 ± 0.55, surpassing the other models (p < 0.001), with 85% of responses rated as \"good\" ahead of ChatGPT-3.5 (82%) and Wenxin Yiyan (74%). ChatGPT-4o made only eight errors in recommending interventions, fewer than ChatGPT-3.5 (12) and Wenxin Yiyan (15). Additionally, it performed better with incomplete or abnormal data, maintaining higher quality scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ChatGPT-4o showed better accuracy and clinical safety, making it a promising tool for decision support in pediatric ophthalmology, although expert oversight is still necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":19623,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"705-716"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11920547/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular Manifestations and Pathological Features in Goldenhar Syndrome: A 10-Year Retrospective Study.","authors":"Fei Fang, Tingxi A, Siyi Zhang, Liangbo Chen, Junzhao Chen, Yang Lu, Chunyi Shao, Yao Fu","doi":"10.1007/s40123-025-01100-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40123-025-01100-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study characterized the ocular manifestations and associated pathological features in a large cohort of patients diagnosed with Goldenhar syndrome (GS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients diagnosed with GS at the Department of Ophthalmology at Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital between 2014 and 2023 were retrospectively identified. Each patient underwent a standardized ophthalmological assessment and relevant tests. Epibulbar choristomas and eyelid colobomas were further categorized into different clinical groups, and their incidence rates and associated pathological features were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 72 patients diagnosed with GS (98 affected eyes) were included. The most prevalent ocular manifestations were epibulbar choristoma (94.44%) and upper eyelid coloboma (50%). Epibulbar choristomas were classified into four groups, with group II epibulbar choristomas being the most common (29.79%). The pathological features of the epibulbar choristomas varied significantly with location (p < 0.001): the choristomas located at the limbus were all dermoids (100%); lipodermoid was the most prevalent type located at the conjunctiva (40%); and dermoid was the predominant type of choristoma involving both the limbus and conjunctiva (50%), followed by lipodermoid (27.27%) and complex choristoma (22.73%). Upper eyelid colobomas were predominantly unilateral, with mild, moderate, and severe defects in 32.5%, 52.5%, and 15% of the cases, respectively. There was a significant coincidence and severity association between upper eyelid colobomas and epibulbar choristomas (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study represents the largest reported case series of GS to date and highlights the prevalence of epibulbar choristomas and upper eyelid colobomas. While the predominant pathological type of epibulbar choristomas overall is dermoid, distinct pathological features have been correlated with their anatomic location or clinical group. Upper eyelid colobomas tended to be located on the inner side, often presenting as mild-to-moderate defects and frequently co-occurring with epibulbar choristomas.</p>","PeriodicalId":19623,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"643-657"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11920524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence-Based Uveitis Diagnosis Through Retinal Vasculature Analysis: A Paradigm Shift in Ocular Tuberculosis.","authors":"Ikhwanuliman Putera, Jose D Vargas Quiros, Saskia M Rombach, Willem A Dik, P Martin van Hagen, Rina La Distia Nora","doi":"10.1007/s40123-025-01103-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40123-025-01103-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diagnosis of uveitis is complex and often requires a series of investigations. Here, we utilize artificial intelligence (AI) for the quantitative analysis of retinal vasculature parameters from fundus photographs to differentiate confirmed ocular tuberculosis (TB) from QuantiFERON (QFT)-positive uveitis without another identifiable cause and ocular toxoplasmosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records and stored fundus images of patients with uveitis from a cohort at the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Indonesia, were analyzed. Three groups of patients were included: confirmed ocular TB (group A), QFT-positive uveitis (group B), and ocular toxoplasmosis (group C). Fundus images were processed using the Retinalysis models package for segmentation and quantification of retinal vasculature parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included nine patients (13 eyes) in group A, 38 patients (48 eyes) in group B, and 26 patients (39 eyes) in group C. Significant differences were found in vein tortuosity parameter, in the eyes within group A showing lower tortuosity score compared to eyes within group B (p = 0.030) and group C (p = 0.013). The area under the curve (AUC) of vein tortuosity for group A compared to group B was 0.749 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.606-0.892), with a sensitivity of 67.3% and specificity of 76.9%. The AUC of vein tortuosity for group A against group C was 0.803 (95% CI: 0.658-0.948), with a sensitivity of 74.4% and a specificity of 84.6%. In group A, uveitis resolution and vein tortuosity tended to be normalized upon complete antitubercular treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AI-based quantification of retinal vasculature parameters, particularly vein tortuosity, can differentiate confirmed ocular TB from QFT-positive uveitis and ocular toxoplasmosis. This approach shows promise for more precise diagnostic and therapeutic accuracy in ocular TB.</p>","PeriodicalId":19623,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"717-732"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11920457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143483600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Precision and Clarity with New Digital Color Assistant in 3D Heads-Up Vitreoretinal Surgery.","authors":"Rodolfo Mastropasqua, Alberto Quarta, Maria Ludovica Ruggeri, Leonardo Mastropasqua","doi":"10.1007/s40123-025-01106-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40123-025-01106-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To describe the advantages of the ARTEVO^® 850 digital color assistant (DCA) for enhancing visualization during vitreoretinal surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All surgical procedures were conducted under the expertise of a single surgeon utilizing the ARTEVO^® 850 heads-up microscope from ZEISS. During the surgeries, images were contemporaneously recorded with and without the application of the DCA across key phases: core vitrectomy, peripheral vitrectomy, epiretinal membrane (ERM) peeling, and internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling. This approach enabled a direct comparison to evaluate the impact of the filter on visualization quality during each specific surgical maneuver.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The application of the \"vitrectomy blue\" filter on the ARTEVO^® 850 surgical microscope provided advantages, particularly during core and peripheral vitrectomy. The \"vitrectomy blue\" filter improved visualization of the vitreous, allowing for clearer identification and removal of residual vitreous strands and opacities. In surgeries involving ERM, the \"peeling blue\" filter provided enhanced contrast and clarity in visualizing the membrane, facilitating thorough peeling. Furthermore, when used in conjunction with dye staining techniques, it further amplified the visualization of ERM in high myopic eyes. This combination reduced the need for additional re-staining during surgery, streamlining the procedure and potentially minimizing intraoperative complications related to dye toxicity. In macular hole surgery, the \"peeling blue\" filter contributed to improving the characterization and delineation of the hole edges and surrounding tissues.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The ARTEVO^® 850 DCA can potentially enhance tissue visualization during vitreoretinal surgeries, particularly in scenarios with compromised visibility. Our observation underscored the efficacy of the blue filter in improving the clarity and contrast of vitreous, ERM and macular hole visualization. This enhancement was particularly evident when the DCA was used in combination with dye staining techniques, which further improved the visualization of ERM in high myopic eyes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19623,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"805-814"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11920492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Quantum Molecular Resonance Electrotherapy in Dry Eye Disease: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis.","authors":"Antonio Ballesteros-Sánchez, Carlos Rocha-de-Lossada, José-María Sánchez-González, Giovanni Roberto Tedesco, Davide Borroni","doi":"10.1007/s40123-025-01133-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-025-01133-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of quantum molecular resonance (QMR) electrotherapy in patients with dry eye disease (DED).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review with meta-analysis, reporting the effects of QMR electrotherapy in three databases, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, was performed according to the PRISMA statement with a search period ending on December 24, 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven studies, including four open-label, non-comparative trials and three randomized controlled studies (RCTs), were included. Although all studies reported significant improvements in most outcome measures after QMR electrotherapy, the meta-analysis indicated that overall efficacy did not significantly favor either group when comparing QMR electrotherapy to controls (SMD 0.40; 95% CI - 0.06 to 0.86; P = 0.09; I² = 85%). However, only the change in DED symptoms was significantly favorable for QMR electrotherapy compared to controls (SMD 0.69; 95% CI 0.30-1.08; P = 0.0005; I² = 28%). In sensitivity analyses, overall efficacy remained non-significant when comparing QMR electrotherapy to placebo QMR electrotherapy (SMD 0.14; 95% CI - 0.24 to 0.52; P = 0.46; I² = 65%). Additionally, changes in DED symptoms, TBUT, ST, and CFS also showed no statistically significant differences between both groups. Regarding safety, most studies reported no AEs, with a satisfactory tolerability profile for QMR electrotherapy. However, a meta-analysis could not be performed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>With the current scientific literature available to date, QMR electrotherapy seems to show some evidence of alleviating DED symptoms. However, evidence supporting its efficacy in improving DED signs and safety remains limited. Therefore, further RCTs with robust designs are needed to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19623,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy, Safety, and Injection Frequency with Novel Aflibercept 8 mg in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Comparison with Existing Anti-VEGF Regimens Using a Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Piotr Wojciechowski, Marlena Wdowiak, Malgorzata Panek, Izabella Lunk, Joao Carrasco, Xin Zhang, Olivia Wu, Jean-François Korobelnik, Paolo Lanzetta","doi":"10.1007/s40123-025-01098-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40123-025-01098-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Aflibercept 8 mg administered in extended dosing intervals has shown non-inferior visual gains and comparable safety profile to aflibercept 2 mg in the PULSAR pivotal randomized clinical trial and has the potential to reduce the treatment burden of treating neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). This study aimed at gathering robust evidence to assess the comparative efficacy, safety, and treatment burden of aflibercept 8 mg against other anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents as ranibizumab, brolucizumab, faricimab, and bevacizumab in patients with nAMD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted, targeting clinical trials of anti-VEGF agents in patients with nAMD. The results of the SLR were included in a network meta-analysis (NMA) comparing aflibercept 8 mg to other anti-VEGF treatments in nAMD, considering a 1-year time horizon. Treatment efficacy was assessed based on the change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from baseline, the proportion of patients gaining or losing 15 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters and changes in anatomical outcomes measured as change in central retinal thickness (CRT) or central subfield thickness (CST). Safety was assessed considering the incidence of ocular and non-ocular adverse events. Treatment burden was defined as the mean number of intravitreal injections over the study period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The base-case NMA involving 21 studies did not show significant differences between aflibercept 8 mg and comparators regarding BCVA change from baseline and proportion of patients with a gain or loss of ≥ 15 letters. On the anatomical endpoints, aflibercept 8 mg was associated with statistically significant improvement in CRT/CST change from baseline compared with ranibizumab in fixed and pro re nata regimens. No significant differences were identified versus the other anti-VEGF. The analysis of the safety outcomes did not identify any significant differences between aflibercept 8 mg and any of the comparators. During the first year of treatment, patients treated with aflibercept 8 mg (following 12- or 16-week injection intervals) received on average 5.9 and 5.1 injections, respectively. For the same period, patients treated with faricimab received from 6.2 to 6.7 injections, patients treated with ranibizumab from 7.62 to 12.14 injections, and patients treated with aflibercept 2 mg up to 7.67 injections.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Aflibercept 8 mg demonstrates a comparable efficacy and safety to currently available anti-VEGF treatments for nAMD, with the potential added benefit of requiring fewer injections. These results suggest that aflibercept 8 mg could be a favourable treatment option for nAMD, achieving sustained disease control while alleviating the burden of injections on patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19623,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"733-753"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11920537/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a New Fully Automatic OLCR Biometer: Repeatability, Reproducibility, and Agreement with an SS-OCT Biometer.","authors":"Chak Seng Lei, Xinning Yang, Rui Ning, Jinxuan Xiahou, Xinyu Jiang, Giacomo Savini, Domenico Schiano-Lomoriello, Xingtao Zhou, Kexin Li, Jinhai Huang","doi":"10.1007/s40123-025-01120-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-025-01120-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the intraobserver repeatability and interobserver reproducibility of the LUS-1000 Plus, a new fully automatic optical low coherence reflectometry (OLCR)-based biometer, and its agreement with the IOLMaster 700, a swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT)-based biometer, for biometric measurement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study included 77 right eyes from 77 healthy participants. The axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), aqueous depth (AQD), anterior chamber depth (ACD), flattest, steepest, mean keratometry (Kf, Ks, Km), astigmatism magnitude (AST), J₀, J₄₅ vectors, and corneal diameter (CD) were measured. Repeatability and reproducibility were evaluated using the within-subject standard deviation (S_w), test-retest (TRT) repeatability, coefficient of variation (CoV), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). To compare differences and establish agreement between the devices, paired t test and Bland-Altman plots were utilized. Double-angle plots were employed to analyze corneal astigmatism.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Repeatability and reproducibility analysis revealed low S_w, TRT, and CoV, accompanied by high ICC values for all evaluated parameters. The interdevice agreement was excellent, Bland-Altman plots showed narrow 95% limits of agreement (LoA) (AL - 0.05 to 0.04 mm, CCT - 22.03 to - 7.50 μm, AQD 0.01 to 0.14 mm, ACD 0.00 to 0.13 mm, LT - 0.16 to 0.02 mm, Kf - 0.24 to 0.23 D, Ks - 0.36 to 0.21 D, Km - 0.24 to 0.16 D, AST - 0.41 to 0.27 D, J₀ - 0.15 to 0.17 D, J₄₅ - 0.14 to 0.22 D, CD - 0.38 to 0.18 mm).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The LUS-1000 Plus demonstrated high repeatability and reproducibility, and excellent agreement with the IOLMaster 700, confirming its reliability and interchangeable use with the IOLMaster 700 in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19623,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parainflammation in the Ocular System: Considerations on the Underlying Mechanisms and Treatment of Dry Eye Disease.","authors":"Stefano Barabino, Pasquale Aragona, Christophe Baudouin, Kostas Boboridis, José Salgado-Borges, Jose M Benitez-Del-Castillo, Elisabeth M Messmer, Adriana Stanila, Jutta Horwath-Winter, Edward Wylegala, Maurizio Rolando","doi":"10.1007/s40123-025-01115-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-025-01115-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The transition from regulated to dysregulated parainflammation is a new concept that needs to be elucidated to clarify the pathogenesis of dry eye disease (DED). This review summarizes the recent evidence about mechanisms that could lead to dysregulated parainflammation, proposing a new hypothesis to correlate this process with the progression to chronic inflammation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A group of European experts on DED participated in a roundtable to discuss the role of parainflammation in the most common ocular diseases with regard to DED. Starting from the roundtable contents, a narrative review was conducted through a PubMed search based on the main topics discussed, namely: parainflammation, dysfunctional parainflammation, tear film lipid and mucin alterations, and tear cortisol.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Parainflammation is involved in different ocular pathologies and is characterized by the involvement of the immune system and complement factors. In DED, continuous and persistent insults are responsible for the qualitative and quantitative alteration of the lipid and mucin components of the tear film. In addition, other contributing factors have recently been described, such as the reduction of cortisol synthesis by corneal epithelial cells. This altered condition leads to excessive macrophage activity, releasing cytokines and adhesion molecules, losing tissue homeostasis, and possibly progressing to chronic inflammation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Literature evidence supports the crucial role of parainflammation and its usefulness in improving the diagnosis and treatment of DED. At the same time, further investigations are necessary to better define the transition from functional to dysfunctional parainflammation, including the role of ocular surface components other than the tear film.</p>","PeriodicalId":19623,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143743395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Crosslinking on Astigmatism Vector in Keratoconus: A Vector Analysis.","authors":"Susanne Marx-Gross, Anne J Winter, Daniel Wollschlaeger, Paul-Rolf Preussner","doi":"10.1007/s40123-025-01121-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-025-01121-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Corneal cross linking (CXL) is an appropriate method to treat progressive keratoconus in order to stop progression. Generally, the change in the maximum corneal power (Kmax), corneal thickness, and total astigmatism are assessed for progression analysis. The aim of this study is to answer the question of whether corneal astigmatism is suitable for quantifying keratoconus progression or demonstrating stability. To improve accuracy, we analyze astigmatism as a vector parameter in CXL follow-up.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a retrospective observational study analyzing a total of 74 eyes diagnosed with progressive keratoconus that received CXL treatment and had a follow-up period of at least 12 months, and in some cases, up to 5 years. In the Scheimpflug imaging examination (Pentacam^®), the focus was on the change of Kmax in diopter (D), astigmatism of the corneal front, and its vector parameter.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Preoperatively, we observed an increase in Kmax difference (KmaxD) (median +1.9 D ± standard deviation, SD 2.2) and astigmatism vector difference (AVD) (median +0.7 D ± SD 1.6) with a positive correlation, which establishes a treatment indication. The follow-up showed a stabilization of KmaxD and AVD after 12 months (median KmaxD -0.7 D, AVD -0.4), and over the periods of 3 and 5 years, a further stabilization of the curvature parameters with a lower number of cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared with an analysis of an absolute value only, the vector analysis of astigmatism allows a much more precise description of astigmatism in order to verify the effectiveness of CXL. Both astigmatism vector and Kmax preoperatively increased and stabilized potstoperatively. Astigmatism presumably has a significant effect on the quality of vision and should therefore also be used as an additional stability factor beside Kmax.</p>","PeriodicalId":19623,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143743364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}