Optics Communications最新文献

{"title":"Reducing line edge roughness of laser heat-mode direct writing lithography using AOD scanning method","authors":"Bowen Chen ,&nbsp;Zhihong Huang ,&nbsp;Xiaozhong Xu ,&nbsp;Jingsong Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Line edge roughness (LER) is a critical parameter for evaluating the quality of micro-nano structure patterns. This paper proposes a method based on small pixel spacing exposure to reduce LER in laser heat-mode lithography. The simulation indicates that the reduction of LER can be achieved through smaller writing pixel spacing. Specifically, when the pixel spacing is reduced from 100 nm to 10 nm, the LER decreases by approximately 6 nm. To implement this, a laser heat-mode lithography system was developed with an acousto-optic deflector (AOD) as the light beam scanning element due to its high scanning accuracy, which enables pixel spacing as small as 6 nm. Additionally, to ensure pattern uniformity in the writing process, the compensation for AOD diffraction efficiency was first addressed. The variation in AOD diffraction efficiency is reduced from 63.94 % to 7.37 %. The experimental results show that LER can be effectively reduced from 14.58 nm to 9.34 nm when the pixel spacing reduces from 90 nm to 6 nm. The writing of arbitrary patterns validates the effectiveness of the method. This work provides an effective method for reducing LER in laser heat-mode direct writing lithography, paving the way for high quality pattern fabrication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"584 ","pages":"Article 131823"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation and topological charge detection of multiple-vortex circular swallowtail tornado beams","authors":"Jiahao Guan,&nbsp;Zhenzhu Tong,&nbsp;Shaojie Xue,&nbsp;Hongling Yue,&nbsp;Xinyuan Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tornado waves are characterized by their unique ability to accelerate and twist light in radial and angular dimensions. These beams are generated by manipulating orbital angular momentum, but detecting their topological charge has been an uncharted territory. This paper presents a novel Tornado beam based on off-axis vortices-embedded circular swallowtail beams. We analyze the light propagation dynamics and employ cross-phase modulation to measure the topological charge of this circular swallowtail tornado beam with multiple vortices. Our method has been confirmed through computer simulations and experimental observations, proving its reliability. This technique offers a time-efficient and practical solution for measuring topological charges within tornado beams. This feature is highly beneficial for applications in light trapping and the advancement of optical communication systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"584 ","pages":"Article 131788"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microwave tunable metasurface with independent wide phase and large amplitude modulation for multifunctional beam control and RCS Reduction","authors":"Tian Yuan ,&nbsp;Minhua Li ,&nbsp;Tianyao Ling ,&nbsp;Chao Shi ,&nbsp;Hanru Shao ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Dong ,&nbsp;Libo Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a microwave tunable metasurface with independent control of amplitude and phase is proposed. It consists of a varactor diode loaded phase modulation layer, an air spacer, and a PIN diode loaded amplitude modulation layer, all of which are successively cascaded along electromagnetic (EM) propagation. By controlling the equivalent lumped parameters of varactor diodes and PIN diodes independently through bias voltages, modulation of the reflected wave is achieved with 180-degree dynamic phase range and 0.2–0.9 dynamic amplitude range from 4.59 to 4.97 GHz, both of which don't interfere with each other. Additionally, reflected waves under oblique incident angles is conducted to validate the robustness of the design. Designs with diversified lumped parameters and field distributions are further studied in detail. Based on the principle of encoded metasurfaces, three-beamforming, four-beamforming, and radar cross section (RCS) reduction structures are implemented. A 4 × 2 metasurface sample is fabricated and tested in rectangular waveguide, demonstrating the feasibility of this design strategy. This advancement provides new insights for the further development of multifunctional wireless communication systems and radar technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"584 ","pages":"Article 131817"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the performance of UV photodiode detectors by changing the dimensions of ZnO nanorods","authors":"Mohadeseh Pasdar,&nbsp;Rouhollah Azimirad,&nbsp;Fatemeh Dehghan Nayeri","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The manufactured UV photodiode is based on the heterogeneous bonding of zinc oxide and silicon nanorods. These nanorods with different dimensions were grown on a substrate of p-type silicon and by hydrothermal method. The dimensions of the nanorods was caused by reducing the concentration of the precursors under the same temperature and growth time, which led to a decrease in the diameter of the nanorods from 350 to 60 nm. Using SEM images, XRD, PL, UV–visible, Raman spectra and I–V characteristic curves of the samples under UV laser irradiation, their morphology, structural, optical characteristics, absorption rate and electrical properties were evaluated. A sample with the smallest dimensions showed the lowest dark current and the highest sensitivity at a bias voltage of −10 V, which is equal to <span><math><mrow><mn>4</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>3</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>A</mi></mrow></math></span> and 48.441, respectively. These results showed that a favorable improvement has been made in the main parameters of UV photodiode detectors with smaller nanorods. By reducing the dark current and increasing the sensitivity of samples with a reduced dimension, UV photodiodes with optimal responses were.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"584 ","pages":"Article 131681"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wavelength multiplexed optical dynamic encryption","authors":"Pengteng Li ,&nbsp;Yuhang Xiao ,&nbsp;Wenxi Zhu ,&nbsp;Haoyang Yu ,&nbsp;Chao Lu ,&nbsp;Tianhua Feng ,&nbsp;Zhaohui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131821","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131821","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optical encryption has recently attracted intensive research attention to meet the rapidly growing demand for information security. Various methods, such as developing precise algorithms and modulating multiple degrees of freedom in the optical field by using metasurfaces, have been studied to enhance information capacity, efficiency, and security. However, these methods often require a powerful computer configuration and consume significant energy, or they may encounter challenges in manufacturing and dynamic modulation. Here, by employing the multiplexing principle, we propose and experimentally validate a wavelength multiplexed optical dynamic encryption scheme to facilitate information encryption channels and security. Specifically, information is flexibly and dynamically encrypted within the Fourier domain of optical images and multiplexed in a parallel way with different wavelengths. Importantly, information security is further bolstered by the decryption requirement of region separation for the ciphertext image according to different wavelengths. This work represents a step forward for the optical encryption platform and may advance the investigation of information encryption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"583 ","pages":"Article 131821"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dispersion-induced power fading mitigation in intermediate frequency-over-fiber transmission using phase–time block coding","authors":"Jinwoo Park,&nbsp;Joungmoon Lee,&nbsp;Sang-Kook Han","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a novel phase–time block coding (PTBC) approach incorporating an optical in-phase/quadrature (IQ) modulator for dispersion-induced power fading mitigation is proposed in a broadband intermediate-frequency-over-fiber (IFoF) system. The multiband IFoF signal is modulated simultaneously into in-phase and quadrature components by the IQ modulator while ensuring orthogonality with the PTBC to mitigate the effect of dispersion-induced power fading. The feasibility of the proposed technique is demonstrated using a 20 GHz-bandwidth IFoF signal transmission simulation in the fading-affected band of a 20 km dispersive fiber. In addition, proof-of-concept experiments are conducted using a 9.5 GHz IFoF signal and a 50 km dispersive fiber.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"583 ","pages":"Article 131789"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-dimensional cylindrical vector beam multiplexing communication over few-mode fiber with dielectric metasurfaces","authors":"Liyu Huang ,&nbsp;Chuangxin Xie ,&nbsp;Yixin Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Guan ,&nbsp;Tianyimei Zuo ,&nbsp;Chaofeng Wang ,&nbsp;Li Zhao ,&nbsp;Huapeng Ye ,&nbsp;Ze Dong ,&nbsp;Dianyuan Fan ,&nbsp;Shuqing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cylindrical vector beams (CVBs) have garnered significant interest in mode-division multiplexing communication due to their ability to support orthogonal vector modes. As CVB modes represent the eigen-solutions of few-mode fibers, they are particularly well-suited for long-distance transmission. However, the current CVB mode modulation scheme, which relies on optical phase modulation devices, faces limitation because of the intrinsic uniform polarization response and structure dispersion feature. This leads to polarization insensitivity and fixed working wavelengths, thereby impeding multi-dimensional CVB mode multiplexing compatible with wavelength and polarization dimensions over few-mode fiber. To address these challenges, we leverage the powerful mode field modulation capabilities of the Pancharatnam-Berry phase based dielectric metasurfaces (PBMs). Through its spin conjugation property, we achieve polarization-sensitive mode conversion by independently loading opposite helical phases for the left and right spin components of CVBs. Additionally, its dispersion-free feature endows a wide operating bandwidth, enabling the CVB mode multiplexing compatible with wavelength division and polarization division multiplexing. As a proof of concept, we fabricate PBMs exhibiting CVB mode purity higher than 86.9 % with various polarization distributions in the C-L band. Experimentally results demonstrate the successful transmission of an 800-channel multi-dimensional CVB multiplexing communication, including 5 CVB modes, 2 polarizations, and 80 wavelengths, transmitting 18.75 Tbit/s QPSK-OFDM signals over a 5 km few-mode fiber with bit error rates below the FEC threshold (3.8 × 10⁻³). Furthermore, the mutually orthogonal polarization distribution of the same order CVB mode of the PBM modulation offers natural diversity gain, ensuring the effectiveness and reliability of communication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"584 ","pages":"Article 131816"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Power scaling strategy for resonant second-harmonic generation in the visible regime","authors":"Manuel A. Medina,&nbsp;Sahar Alidousti,&nbsp;Callum McEwan,&nbsp;W. Andrew Clarkson","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we describe external resonant second harmonic generation (SHG) of a multi-axial mode near-infrared (near-IR) source for scaling power in the visible (green) spectral band. By distributing the power across multiple frequencies, we significantly increased the output power obtainable from an ytterbium-doped fibre amplifier before reaching the onset of Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS). Using a near-IR laser with <span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>9 longitudinal modes and an LBO crystal in a bow-tie cavity configuration, up to 15 W at a wavelength of 532 nm was achieved, with a conversion efficiency of 65% with respect to incident power. We discuss strategies for further up-scaling of output power, including increasing the number of axial modes and optimizing the amplifier configuration. Additionally, we highlight the advantages of our approach compared to previously reported high-power SHG systems, demonstrating its potential for future power scaling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"583 ","pages":"Article 131776"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental demonstration of modified constant modulus algorithm with polarization demultiplexing in Stokes space in optical coherent receiver","authors":"Bohang Huang,&nbsp;Xiangyong Dong,&nbsp;Fengjie Shi,&nbsp;Zhenming Yu,&nbsp;Kun Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Constant modulus algorithm (CMA) is widely applied for polarization demultiplexing in coherent optical communication system. However, the singular value problem always plagues CMA. Modified CMA based on polarization demultiplexing in Stokes space (SS-PDM) was proposed to avoid the singular value problem in simulation. Here we firstly experimentally demonstrate the modified CMA based on SS-PDM in optical coherent receivers. We conduct experiment of 40-Gbit/s polarization multiplexing (PDM) QPSK to verify this method. The experimental results show that the singularity problem of CMA disappears for Polarization-dependent loss (PDL) of 2.7 dB and 4.8 dB by using the modified CMA and the convergence speed of the modified CMA increases significantly compared with that of conventional CMA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"583 ","pages":"Article 131763"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the influence of hydrostatic pressure on the structural and optoelectronic behavior of cubic A3PCl3 (A = Mg, Ca) perovskite for solar cell applications","authors":"Asadul Islam Shimul ,&nbsp;Md Mezbahul Haque ,&nbsp;Avijit Ghosh ,&nbsp;Nasser S. Awwad ,&nbsp;Hala A. Ibrahium","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study utilizes first-principles simulations to investigate the optoelectronic properties of lead-free halide A₃PCl₃ (A = Mg, Ca) perovskites subjected to hydrostatic pressures from 0 to 60 GPa. As pressure increases, both the lattice parameter and cell volume decrease, indicating structural compression of the material. At ambient pressure, Mg₃PCl₃ and Ca₃PCl₃ demonstrate band gaps of 2.227 eV and 1.801 eV, respectively, indicating their potential for optoelectronic applications. The materials meet the Born stability criteria for mechanical stability throughout the examined pressure range, thereby confirming their stability under hydrostatic conditions. The perovskites demonstrate anisotropic elastic properties and possess high ductility, mechanical stability, and resistance to plastic deformation, all of which are improved under pressure. The mechanical analysis indicates that the materials maintain ductility and mechanical stability, exhibiting increased ductility with rising pressure. The optical properties were computed over the 0–35 eV energy spectrum under multiple pressures. Additionally, the optimized DFT values were employed in the proposed device construction FTO/ZnO/Mg₃PCl₃/Cu₂O/Ni and FTO/ZnO/Ca₃PCl₃/Cu₂O/Ni configurations attained optimal power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of around 15.29 % and 23.2 %, respectively, providing a safer, lead-free alternative to conventional Pb-based perovskites. Both materials exhibit remarkable ductility and compressive resistance, with bulk moduli substantially exceeding those of other perovskites such as CsPbX₃ and Sr₃AsCl₃. The amalgamation of mechanical stability, superior ductility, and pressure resilience renders Mg₃PCl₃ and Ca₃PCl₃ exemplary candidates for applications necessitating both high optoelectronic performance and durability under fluctuating pressure conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"583 ","pages":"Article 131807"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}