Pengwei Cui, Junchi Ma, Yue Wang, Jiashun Zhang, Jin You, Junming An, Yuanda Wu
{"title":"Low-loss silica-based 90 deg optical hybrid in c band based on 4 × 4 multimode interference coupler for coherent receiver","authors":"Pengwei Cui, Junchi Ma, Yue Wang, Jiashun Zhang, Jin You, Junming An, Yuanda Wu","doi":"10.1117/1.oe.62.11.115101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.62.11.115101","url":null,"abstract":"A silica-based 90 deg optical hybrid based on a 4 × 4 multimode interference coupler with a refractive index contrast of 0.36% is designed and fabricated for coherent receiver. The measured results of this device show that the common mode rejection ratios are better than 23 dB and excess loss including a coupling loss of −0.3 dB is less than −0.9 dB in C band (1530 to 1565 nm). The phase error is less than ±4 deg. The designed low-cost 90 deg optical hybrid is promising for further improving the sensitivity of quadrature phase shift keying coherent receivers.","PeriodicalId":19561,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering","volume":"28 39","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135390942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dajuan Lyu, Qing Huang, Xiaokun Wu, Yanbo Nie, Minghong Yang
{"title":"Optical fiber sensors for water and air quality monitoring: a review","authors":"Dajuan Lyu, Qing Huang, Xiaokun Wu, Yanbo Nie, Minghong Yang","doi":"10.1117/1.oe.63.3.031004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.63.3.031004","url":null,"abstract":"Owing to their advantages of anti-electromagnetic interference, chemical resistance, high sensitivity, and fast response time, optical fiber sensors (OFSs) are widely used in biomedical, environmental monitoring, and food safety fields. We introduce the classification and principles of OFSs and summarize the applications and research progress of OFSs in water quality detection (heavy metals and microorganisms) and air quality monitoring (COx, NOx, and VOCs). Meanwhile, analytical performance, reliability, and environmental adaptability of OFSs are discussed and prospected.","PeriodicalId":19561,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering","volume":"115 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135341606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of airborne LiDAR wavelength on the detection distance of clear air turbulence","authors":"Jing Zhao, Xiujuan Luo, Zhaohui Liu, Hui Liu, Minglai Chen, Yu Zhang, Zelin Yue","doi":"10.1117/1.oe.62.11.114101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.62.11.114101","url":null,"abstract":"We comprehensively investigated the influence of laser wavelength on the detection distance at different clear air turbulence (CAT) intensities, distance resolutions, and Brunt–Väisälä frequency theoretically. It is found that there exists the optimal wavelength for maximal detection distance. When the distance resolution is fixed, the detection distance of 532 nm LiDAR is further compared with the 355 and 1064 nm counterparts and is more suitable under moderate to severe CAT. Our findings break the traditional cognition that “ultraviolet wavelength LiDAR is the most suitable for CAT detection” and may promote the remote detection research of CAT.","PeriodicalId":19561,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering","volume":"93 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135341898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vanadium dioxide-assisted multifunctional terahertz devices platform: modulator, polarization converter, and biosensor","authors":"Yonggang Zhang, Xin Cao, Haiyun Yao, Zhongjun Tian, Lanju Liang, Xin Yan, ChengCheng Huang, Fu Qiu, Rui Zhang, Wei Liu, Xiaofei Hu, Zhenhua Li, Ziqun Wang","doi":"10.1117/1.oe.62.11.117101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.62.11.117101","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Exploiting the phase transition of vanadium dioxide (VO2), a switchable terahertz multifunctional device integrating narrowband absorption and broadband polarization switching was proposed in our study. The transformation of VO2 from insulating state to metallic state can realize different functions. When VO2 was in metal state, the metamaterial device exhibited an absorption effect exceeding 90% in the range of 1.96 to 4.06 THz, and its amplitude was tunable via changing the conductivity of VO2. Further, the modulation depth reached 171%. This device was also used as a broadband cross-polarization converter, achieving more than 97% cross-polarization conversion in the range of 2.03 to 3.93 THz. When VO2 was in insulating state, a narrow-band absorption peak with an absorption rate exceeding 94% was obtained, and the device can be used as a biosensor with a sensitivity of 363 GHz/RIU. The designed THz metamaterials have broad application prospects in modulation, sensing, radar communication, and other fields.","PeriodicalId":19561,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering","volume":"93 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135476138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tianjiang He, Qiong Qi, Nan Lin, Wei Li, Xiaoyu Ma, Suping Liu
{"title":"Research on the fabrication of high-power semiconductor lasers by impurity-free vacancy disordering","authors":"Tianjiang He, Qiong Qi, Nan Lin, Wei Li, Xiaoyu Ma, Suping Liu","doi":"10.1117/1.oe.62.11.116102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.62.11.116102","url":null,"abstract":"The preparation of a non-absorption window (NAW) through impurity-free vacancy disordering (IFVD) induced quantum well intermixing (QWI) in 915 nm GaInAsP/GaAsP semiconductor lasers is aimed at enhancing the catastrophic optical mirror damage (COMD) threshold and output power of semiconductor lasers. A process for the fabrication of high-power semiconductor lasers has been explored through the intermixing study of primary epitaxial wafers. In the experimental procedure, the epitaxial layers at the front and rear facets were first selectively etched, followed by the deposition of a 200 nm SiO2 dielectric layer on their surfaces. Additionally, a 100 nm TiO2 dielectric layer is applied to suppress QWI in the gain emission region. A NAW is achieved through a rapid thermal annealing process at 830°C for 180 s under atmospheric pressure. In the wafer-scale fabrication process, wide-stripe single-tube devices are produced with a light-emitting region width of 200 μm and a cavity length of 4000 μm. Test results reveal that conventional single-tube devices typically experience COMD at an input current of ∼20 A, with power output at around 19 W. In contrast, the single-tube devices with the NAW reach a continuous output power of 27.7 W at an input current of 30 A, representing a power enhancement of ∼45.8 % . No optical catastrophic damage is observed, and characteristics, such as slope efficiency and threshold current, remain unaltered. This research demonstrates that IFVD combined with the wafer-scale fabrication can effectively enhance the COMD threshold of 915 nm GaInAsP/GaAsP semiconductor laser devices, offering valuable insights into the study of high-power semiconductor lasers.","PeriodicalId":19561,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering","volume":"9 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135480121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Structure simulation and design optimization of high-performance lithium niobate thin film electro-optic modulator","authors":"Hao Chen, Wenyuan Liao, Shaohua Yang, Huafeng Dong, Ying Shi, Huangfan Wang, Fugen Wu","doi":"10.1117/1.OE.62.11.115103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.OE.62.11.115103","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Lithium niobate thin film (TFLN) electro-optic modulators (EOM) are widely used in optical communication systems due to their high bandwidth, low half-wave voltage, and low energy loss. Based on the analysis of the finite element method, we optimize the structure parameters of the modulator and propose an EOM with an S-bend coupler and an electrode gap covered with a SiO2 layer. The device exhibited a half-wave voltage-length product of 2.13 V · F, a bandwidth greater than 75 GHz, and an optical loss <0.1 dB / cm. Besides, we also propose employing the linear regression algorithm in machine learning to help determine the parameters of high-performance modulators, which provides a new idea for the design and optimization of TFLN modulators.","PeriodicalId":19561,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"115103 - 115103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139291685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tran The Son, Vuong Cong Dat, H. Le‐Minh, Zabih Ghassemlooy, Duong Huu Ai, Huynh Cong Phap
{"title":"Adaptive received signal strength-based localization and channel state information estimation model for indoor multiple-input multiple-output visible light communication using the distance vector (Erratum)","authors":"Tran The Son, Vuong Cong Dat, H. Le‐Minh, Zabih Ghassemlooy, Duong Huu Ai, Huynh Cong Phap","doi":"10.1117/1.oe.62.11.119801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.62.11.119801","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Erratum corrects an error in Fig. 8.","PeriodicalId":19561,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering","volume":"191 1","pages":"119801 - 119801"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139296436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Classification of material and surface roughness using polarimetric multispectral LiDAR","authors":"Yu Han, D. Salido-Monzú, A. Wieser","doi":"10.1117/1.OE.62.11.114104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.OE.62.11.114104","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Multispectral light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is an emerging active remote sensing technique that combines distance and spectroscopy measurements. The reflectance spectrum is known to enable material classification. However, the spectrum also depends on other surface parameters, particularly roughness. Herein, we propose an extension of multispectral to polarimetric multispectral LiDAR and introduce unpolarized and linearly polarized reflectance spectra as additional features for classifying materials and roughness. Using a bench-top prototype instrument, we demonstrate the feasibility and benefit of acquiring unpolarized and linearly polarized reflectance spectra. We analyze and interpret the spectra obtained with two different spectral resolutions (10 and 40 nm) from measurements on test specimens consisting of five different materials with two different levels of surface roughness. Using a linear support vector machine, we demonstrate the potential of the different features for enabling material and roughness classification. We find that the unpolarized reflectance spectrum is well suited for classifying materials, and the linearly polarized one for classifying roughness. In both cases, the performance is much better than using a standard reflectance spectrum offered by multispectral LiDAR. We identify polarimetric multispectral LiDAR as a technology that may significantly enhance surface and material probing capabilities for remote sensing applications.","PeriodicalId":19561,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":"114104 - 114104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139304665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deep network for underwater image enhancement inspired by physical imaging model","authors":"Guijin Tang, Yukang Song, Feng Liu","doi":"10.1117/1.OE.62.11.113108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.OE.62.11.113108","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Underwater images often suffer from problems such as low contrast, color distortion, and blurred details, which have a negative impact on subsequent image processing tasks. To mitigate such problems, we propose an algorithm that combines an underwater physical imaging model with a convolutional neural network. The physical imaging model has two important types of parameters: background scattering parameters and direct transmission parameters. For the background scattering parameters, we divide them into three levels, which are primary information, secondary information, and advanced information, and design three subnetworks for feature extraction to represent them. For the direct transmission parameters, we decompose them into two levels, which are shallow transmission information and deep transmission information, and also design two subnetworks to indicate them. Experimental results show that, compared with other enhancement algorithms, the proposed algorithm can not only effectively correct the color deviation and enhance the object edges and texture details but also can obtain superior values of objective evaluation metrics in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio, structural similarity, underwater color image quality evaluation, and underwater image quality measure.","PeriodicalId":19561,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering","volume":"105 1","pages":"113108 - 113108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139306099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}