Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook最新文献_第6页

Frontmatter

Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1515/jbwg-2021-frontmatter2

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Economic Cultures and Debates on Taxation in Italy after World War II: 1943–1948 二战后意大利的经济文化和税收争论:1943-1948

Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1515/jbwg-2021-0016

P. Bozzi

{"title":"Economic Cultures and Debates on Taxation in Italy after World War II: 1943–1948","authors":"P. Bozzi","doi":"10.1515/jbwg-2021-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2021-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This contribution analyses the change in the conception of taxation which occurred in Italy during the aftermath of World War II. From being a neutral mechanism to collect state revenue, in this period taxation became seen as a powerful political tool to redistribute income and wealth. The article primarily relies on material collected by the Economic Commission of the Ministry for the Constituent Assembly set up in 1945, a unique source which offers a comprehensive overview of the different conceptions of taxation at the time. Drawing upon their different economic and political ideologies, liberal economists and entrepreneurs, Christian Democrats, and Communists formulated alternative tax programmes. While liberal economists and entrepreneurs advocated the maintenance of the existing tax system on technical grounds, the Christian Democrats imposed a new conception of taxation as a means for income redistribution. Progressive and redistributive taxation was also present in the Communist programme, but their ambiguous tax views suffered from the lack of administrative and economic experience which liberal and Catholic economists had instead gathered before and partially even during the Fascist regime. The debate ended abruptly in 1947 with the exclusion of the left from government and the success of liberal conceptions. Nonetheless, during the 1960s, the Catholic emphasis on progressive and redistributive taxation incorporated the new Keynesian ideas on public finance and achieved a hegemonic position in the public debate, thus overcoming the traditional liberal view.","PeriodicalId":195429,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129795972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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O.M.W. Sprague (the Man Who “Wrote the Book” on Financial Crises) meets the Great Depression O.M.W.斯普拉格(写了一本关于金融危机的书)遇到了大萧条

Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.3386/w29416

H. Rockoff

引用次数: 2

Nitrogenous Fertilisers in Germany – Paths of Distribution from Chile Saltpetre to Haber-Bosch-Ammonia and Cyanamide (ca 1914–1930) 德国的氮肥——从智利的硝石到哈伯-伯斯-氨和氰胺的分布路径(1914-1930年)

Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook Pub Date : 2021-04-30 DOI: 10.1515/jbwg-2021-0007

C. Strotmann

引用次数: 0

Oilseed Cakes in Italy and France: Opportunities and Difficulties of a Market (late 19th and first half of the 20th Century) 意大利和法国的油籽饼:市场的机遇和困难(19世纪末和20世纪上半叶)

Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook Pub Date : 2021-04-30 DOI: 10.1515/jbwg-2021-0006

L. Andreoni

引用次数: 0

Schools of Empiricism 经验主义学派

Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook Pub Date : 2021-04-30 DOI: 10.1515/jbwg-2021-0010

Andreas Friedolin Lingg

{"title":"Schools of Empiricism","authors":"Andreas Friedolin Lingg","doi":"10.1515/jbwg-2021-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2021-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recent research emphasizes that empiricist approaches already emerged long before the seventeenth and eighteenth century. While many of these contributions focus on specific professions, it is the aim of this article to supplement this discourse by describing certain social spaces that fostered empiricist attitudes. A particularly interesting example in this respect is the mining region of the Erzgebirge (Saxony) in the fifteenth and sixteenth century. The following article will use this mining district as a kind of historical laboratory, as a space not only for scientific observation but also as a structure within which specific forms of knowledge were socially tested, to show how the economic transformation of this region supported the rise of characteristic elements of empiricist thinking. It is common practice to link the appraisal of useful knowledge, (personal) experience and the distrust towards (scholastic) authorities in those days with only small minorities. By addressing not only the struggles of the commercial elites but also the challenges faced by the average resident of a mining town, this paper tries to add to this view by demonstrating how entire masses of people inhabiting the late medieval Erzgebirge were affected by and schooled to think in empiricist ways.","PeriodicalId":195429,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121848316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Management of Soil Fertility and Agricultural Intensification in NW Iberia, 1750–1900 伊比利亚西北部土壤肥力管理与农业集约化，1750-1900

Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook Pub Date : 2021-04-30 DOI: 10.1515/jbwg-2021-0002

Beatriz Corbacho González, Roc Padró Caminal, David Soto Fernández, Lourenzo Fernández Prieto

引用次数: 0

Die Gauwirtschaftsberater der NSDAP 国党党头目

Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook Pub Date : 2021-04-30 DOI: 10.1515/jbwg-2021-0009

Ralf Stremmel

引用次数: 1

Fertilisers in the Long 19th Century and Beyond: Usage, Commercialisation and Production (c 1800–1939) 19世纪及以后的化肥:使用、商业化和生产(1800-1939)

Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook Pub Date : 2021-04-30 DOI: 10.1515/jbwg-2021-0001

C. Strotmann, L. Herment, A. Page

引用次数: 0

The French Nitrogen Industry during the Interwar Period: The Ambiguous Relationship between the State and Manufacturers 两次世界大战期间的法国氮工业:国家与制造商之间的暧昧关系

Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook Pub Date : 2021-04-30 DOI: 10.1515/jbwg-2021-0008

M. Llopart

{"title":"The French Nitrogen Industry during the Interwar Period: The Ambiguous Relationship between the State and Manufacturers","authors":"M. Llopart","doi":"10.1515/jbwg-2021-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2021-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract At the end of the First World War, the French government seized the opportunity to acquire the chemical processes of the German firm BASF, including the Haber-Bosch process. This patent made it possible to synthesize nitrogen from the air and thus produce nitrogen fertilizers in large quantities. French industrialists, however, refused to acquire these patents, and to make up for this lack of private sector involvement, the French Parliament decided in 1924 to create a national plant (ONIA), which became the first state-owned plant to be exposed to market competition. The intention was for the ONIA to supply the army with nitric acid in times of war, and, in peacetime, to sell fertilizers at the lowest possible prices in order to curb the monopoly of the private industry cartel. The purpose of this article is therefore to study the establishment and organisation of the French market for nitrogen fertilisers during the inter-war period by raising a number of questions about the ambiguous and complex relations between the state and private industry in this strategic sector. Why was the state policy initiated with the ONIA not successful at first? From 1927-1928, once the ONIA was operational, why and how did the public and private players jointly organise the marketing of fertilisers even though their interests were partially divergent? From the economic crisis of the 1930s onwards, how did the regulation of this mixed market evolve and how were public/private tensions overcome? In the French case, why did French producers leave the international cartel very early on in favour of state protectionism? And finally, to what extent can it be said that this “managed economy” framework succeeded in satisfying all the players in the French nitrogen industry?","PeriodicalId":195429,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115417584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0