The Open Behavioral Science Journal最新文献_第3页

Leptin in the General Population, Differences in Sex Hormones, Blood Lipids, Gender and Life Style Characteristics 普通人群中的瘦素、性激素、血脂、性别和生活方式特征的差异

The Open Behavioral Science Journal Pub Date : 2011-04-29 DOI: 10.2174/1874230001105010008

R. Olstad, J. Florholmen, J. Svartberg, J. Rosenvinge, G. Birketvedt

{"title":"Leptin in the General Population, Differences in Sex Hormones, Blood Lipids, Gender and Life Style Characteristics","authors":"R. Olstad, J. Florholmen, J. Svartberg, J. Rosenvinge, G. Birketvedt","doi":"10.2174/1874230001105010008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874230001105010008","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Fat mass is the main predictor of the serum concentration of leptin, a 167-amino acid peptide hormone encoded by the obesity gene. There is no general agreement about other determinant factors of serum leptin, but attention has been focused on gender and sex hormones. The objective of this study was to describe gender differences in a population study and evaluate the individual contribution of life style characteristics, blood lipid pattern and sex hormones as determinants of serum leptin. Materials and Methodology: In a multipurpose, cross-sectional general health survey, (\"Tromso IV\"- N = 27.159), conducted during the years 1994/95, measurement of leptin was performed in a sub sample of 1812 subjects. Multiple regression analysis was performed in order to establish the importance of each predictor. Results: Gender differences in leptin increased with increasing BMI, and the gender predicted 33 % of the variation of leptin. Differences in life style factors between men and women could not explain gender differences. Smoking, physical activity, testosterone and SHBG were independent negative predictive factors. Estradiol was positive predictive factor of serum leptin. However, all contributed to a small variation in serum leptin. A gender dimorphism was observed between serum leptin and serum testosterone and between serum testosterone and BMI. Conclusions: BMI and gender were strong predictors in variations in serum leptin. Life style factors and sex hormones were less predictive. Gender dimorphisms between leptin, testosterone and BMI indicate a complex relationship between body fat distribution and the two hormones.","PeriodicalId":195205,"journal":{"name":"The Open Behavioral Science Journal","volume":"164 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113953371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Desire and Coping Self-Efficacy as Craving Measures in Addiction: The Self-Efficacy and Desire Scale (SAD) 欲望和应对自我效能作为成瘾的渴望测量:自我效能和欲望量表(SAD)

The Open Behavioral Science Journal Pub Date : 2011-04-18 DOI: 10.2174/1874230001105010001

Iacopo Minervini, Silvia Palandri, S. Bianchi, L. Bastiani, Donatella Paffi

{"title":"Desire and Coping Self-Efficacy as Craving Measures in Addiction: The Self-Efficacy and Desire Scale (SAD)","authors":"Iacopo Minervini, Silvia Palandri, S. Bianchi, L. Bastiani, Donatella Paffi","doi":"10.2174/1874230001105010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874230001105010001","url":null,"abstract":"Craving is closely interconnected with substance addiction. Its precise role of mediator or indicator is frequently discussed, although it has also been identified as a relevant factor in continued substance use and relapse after stopping. The assessment of craving is particularly complex because different theories adopt different methodologies and measures. Desire to use and the loss of control of use are frequently adopted as constructs within instruments. The control of substance use can conceptually be developed in Coping self-efficacy, defined as ability to resist substance use in high-risk situations. There is strong evidence in literature about craving as an important factor that supports remission and reduces relapse risk. More specifically, a high sense of coping self-efficacy to resist substance use at treatment intake, during treatment, and/or after treatment discharge, is a stable predictor of better results in alcohol and substance use. The Self-efficacy scale and desire (SAD) is an Italian language self-report instrument with 27 items assessing desire for a specific substance of abuse (heroin, cocaine) and the perceived ability to resist use (Coping self-efficacy). It is possible to calculate a score for Desire scale and for Coping self-efficacy scale and a score for three sub-scales: Positive emotions and social situations, Negative emotions and potentially critical situations, Habit and abstinence, each with nine items. Results of validation process highlight an excellent internal consistency measured by Cronbach coefficient for both scales. Split-half reliability and convergent validity with Visual Analogue Scale for craving measurement were also explored.","PeriodicalId":195205,"journal":{"name":"The Open Behavioral Science Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124807672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Is Visual Motion Processing Vulnerable to Early Aging 视觉运动处理是否易受早期衰老的影响

The Open Behavioral Science Journal Pub Date : 2010-11-13 DOI: 10.2174/1874230001004010026

R. McBain

{"title":"Is Visual Motion Processing Vulnerable to Early Aging","authors":"R. McBain","doi":"10.2174/1874230001004010026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874230001004010026","url":null,"abstract":"While many behavioral capacities decline with age, few can be readily noticed in the early stages of aging. Visual motion processing is particularly sensitive to aging; yet it is unclear whether decline in motion processing can be used to index the visual aging process in its early stages. We examined performance in 63 healthy individuals on a series of motion-related visual tasks, in a large age range (21-80 years-old). Three psychophysical tasks were used: dynamic contrast detection (a functional precursor to motion processing), contrast-based velocity discrimination (motion processing dependent upon contrast signal), and velocity discrimination (motion processing independent of contrast modulation). Additionally, cognitive ability was assessed using the WAIS-R (verbal components). Results indicated that visual motion performance began to significantly decline between the 51-60 and 61-70 age groups, and this decline was most pronounced on velocity discrimination tasks. Cognitive performance did not differ across age groups and was not correlated with performance on visual measures. This pattern of results suggests that visual motion processing may be a potential indicator of early aging within the visual system.","PeriodicalId":195205,"journal":{"name":"The Open Behavioral Science Journal","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127354195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

An Evolutionary Perspective on Happiness as Understood in the Tradition of Tibetan Buddhism 从藏传佛教传统的角度看幸福的进化

The Open Behavioral Science Journal Pub Date : 2010-11-13 DOI: 10.2174/1874230001004010031

B. Grinde

引用次数: 6

Nicotine Ameliorates Emotional and Cognitive Impairments Induced by Neonatal PolyI:C Treatment in Mice~!2009-12-18~!2010-07-05~!2010-09-09~! 尼古丁可改善小鼠新生儿PolyI:C治疗所致的情绪和认知障碍

The Open Behavioral Science Journal Pub Date : 2010-09-09 DOI: 10.2174/1874230001004010009

Jinghua Yu

引用次数: 5

Alterations of Emotional and Cognitive Behaviors in Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and -9-Deficient Mice 基质金属蛋白酶-2和-9缺陷小鼠情绪和认知行为的改变

The Open Behavioral Science Journal Pub Date : 2010-09-09 DOI: 10.2174/1874230001004010019

H. Mizoguchi, D. Ibi, K. Takuma, Yuko Kitahara, E. Tóth, J. Sato, S. Itohara, T. Nabeshima, Kiyofumi Yamada

引用次数: 19

Questioning the “General Arousal” Models~!2009-12-01~!2010-03-04~!2010-05-17~! 质疑“普遍觉醒”模型2009-12-01 2010-03-04 2010-05-17

The Open Behavioral Science Journal Pub Date : 2010-05-20 DOI: 10.2174/1874230001004010001

Irina Trofimova

引用次数: 11

Physical Properties of Bedding Materials Determine the Marble Burying Behavior of Mice (C57BL/6J) 垫层材料的物理性质决定小鼠大理岩掩埋行为(C57BL/6J)

The Open Behavioral Science Journal Pub Date : 2009-11-03 DOI: 10.2174/1874230000903010034

C. Homma, Kazuyuki Yamada

引用次数: 12

Alcohol Consumption Predicts Violent Victimization, Impulsive Decision Making Predicts Violence 饮酒预示暴力受害，冲动决策预示暴力

The Open Behavioral Science Journal Pub Date : 2009-06-23 DOI: 10.2174/1874230000903010028

S. Moore, J. Foreman-Peck

{"title":"Alcohol Consumption Predicts Violent Victimization, Impulsive Decision Making Predicts Violence","authors":"S. Moore, J. Foreman-Peck","doi":"10.2174/1874230000903010028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874230000903010028","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: First, to assess whether perpetrators of violence are also more likely to be victims of violence in a sample of drinkers who socialize in a city centre night-time economy. Second, to test whether extent of alcohol use and impulsive decision making, both associated with violence and violent injury, are associated with violence and victimization equally. \u0000 \u0000Design: A cross-sectional street survey conducted in an area characterized by a high density of licensed premises collected data on socio-economic status, gender, alcohol consumption, impulsive decision making and whether respondents had been victims of violence or had perpetrated violence. Impulsive decision making was assessed using a delay discounting task with hypothetical monetary rewards. \u0000 \u0000Participants: Data from 271 female and 294 male respondents who regularly socialized in the local night time economy were available for analysis. \u0000 \u0000Findings: Perpetrators of violence were more likely to be victims of violence; impulsive decision making predicted violence whereas alcohol consumption and the frequency that respondents visited the night time economy predicted victimization. Men were more likely to be perpetrators of violence than women. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions: Heavy alcohol consumption in areas densely populated with licensed premises increases the likelihood of victimization and perpetrators of violence are more likely to disregard the future consequences of their action. Measures that either reduce the impact of drunken behavior or reduce excessive alcohol consumption will reduce alcohol related harm.","PeriodicalId":195205,"journal":{"name":"The Open Behavioral Science Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130024989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Vowel-Like Sound Structure in an African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus) Vocal Production 非洲灰鹦鹉(Psittacus erithacus)发声过程中的元音样音结构

The Open Behavioral Science Journal Pub Date : 2009-04-09 DOI: 10.2174/1874230000903010001

L. Bottoni, S. Masin, D. Lenti-Boero

引用次数: 9