An Evolutionary Perspective on Happiness as Understood in the Tradition of Tibetan Buddhism

Abstract

Buddhism is one of the oldest spiritual traditions that have retained considerable influence. The Tibetan version offers distinct advice as to the pursuit of happiness. The present text evaluates this advice in the context of a biological approach to understand what happiness is. Briefly, the notion that it is possible to develop the brain's capacity for positive feelings, and that meditative techniques are a useful tool, can be substantiated. Consequently, with sufficient training, happiness can, at least in theory, be achieved regardless of external circumstances. To this purpose, it is essential to avoid excessive activity in nerve circuits causing negative feelings, either by avoiding situations that activate these feelings, or by using cognitive techniques that impede the underlying neurology. Finally, the emphasis on compassion as a route to happiness appears to be not just "politically correct", but to reflect particular qualities of the human brain.