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Aftereffects in the Perception of Emotion Following Brief, Masked Adaptor Faces 短暂的蒙面面孔对情绪知觉的影响
The Open Behavioral Science Journal Pub Date : 2008-10-30 DOI: 10.2174/1874230000802010036
N. V. Rijsbergen, A. Jannati, A. Treves
{"title":"Aftereffects in the Perception of Emotion Following Brief, Masked Adaptor Faces","authors":"N. V. Rijsbergen, A. Jannati, A. Treves","doi":"10.2174/1874230000802010036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874230000802010036","url":null,"abstract":"Adaptation aftereffects are the tendency to perceive an ambiguous target stimulus, which follows an adaptor stimulus, as different from the adaptor. A duration dependence of face adaptation aftereffects has been demonstrated for durations of at least 500ms, for identity related judgments. Here we describe the duration dependence of the adaptation af- tereffects of very brief (11.7ms-500ms) backwardly masked faces, on both expression and identity category judgments of ambiguous target faces. We find significant aftereffects at minimum duration 23.5ms for emotional expression, and 47ms for identity, but these are abolished by backward masking with an inverted face, although these same adaptors can be cor- rectly categorized above chance. The presence of a short duration adaptation effect in expression might be mediated by rapid transfer of low spatial fre- quency (LSF) information. We tested this possibility by comparing aftereffects in low pass and high pass filtered ambigu- ous targets, and found no evidence of independent adaptation of a LSF specific channel.","PeriodicalId":195205,"journal":{"name":"The Open Behavioral Science Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132351466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Fitness Optimizing Theory Can be Misleading when Applied to Human Behavior 适应度优化理论在应用于人类行为时可能会产生误导
The Open Behavioral Science Journal Pub Date : 2008-08-07 DOI: 10.2174/1874230000802010032
B. Grinde
{"title":"Fitness Optimizing Theory Can be Misleading when Applied to Human Behavior","authors":"B. Grinde","doi":"10.2174/1874230000802010032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874230000802010032","url":null,"abstract":"The mathematical approach to understand the genetic impact on human behavior, e.g., using game theory, tends to assume that evolution creates optimal fitness. However, evolution does not necessarily create optimal behavioral patterns, particularly not when the environment is rapidly changing. Consequently some of the inferences based on game theory are misleading. More specifically, certain aspects of current human behavior may be better understood in terms of emotions and motivational systems. The present text is an attempt to discuss possible pitfalls of fitness optimalisation theory by looking at patterns of behavior, such as cooperativity, sex and art, where this theory alone may not give satisfactory explanations.","PeriodicalId":195205,"journal":{"name":"The Open Behavioral Science Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129069105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electrophysiological Evidences of Inhibition Deficit in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder During the Attentional Blink 注意眨眼时注意缺陷/多动障碍抑制缺陷的电生理证据
The Open Behavioral Science Journal Pub Date : 2008-06-27 DOI: 10.2174/1874230000802010023
V. López, F. Pavez, Javier López, R. Ortega, N. Saez, X. Carrasco, P. Rothhammer, F. Aboitiz
{"title":"Electrophysiological Evidences of Inhibition Deficit in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder During the Attentional Blink","authors":"V. López, F. Pavez, Javier López, R. Ortega, N. Saez, X. Carrasco, P. Rothhammer, F. Aboitiz","doi":"10.2174/1874230000802010023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874230000802010023","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies on the distribution of attentional resources during time have yielded a differential performance in patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), in relation to healthy controls. The Attentional Blink (AB) experimental paradigm probes the ability to discriminate visual stimuli in close temporal proximity. The electro- physiological mechanisms underlying the AB have been intensively studied in healthy individuals, and seems to be very appropriate to evaluate the temporal distribution of attentional resources in ADHD. We recorded Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) to stimuli arranged in a rapid serial visual presentation task. Fourteen male children (age: 11.6±2.1) who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD of the combined subtype participated in the study, along with fourteen age and sex-matched healthy controls (11.2±2.3). They were all screened to discard comorbidites. Behavioral responses showed an increased number of commission and omission errors in the ADHD group. Nonetheless, both groups exhibited a significant AB for probes presented in close temporal proximity to targets. ERP waveforms in ADHD showed a P300 component of reduced amplitude, elicited both by detected and undetected probes. However, in the control group the P300 was only elicited by detected probes and its amplitude was larger. As the P3 component is considered to reflect context updating in working memory, its elicitation by missed probes during the attentional blink suggests a failure of an inhibitory selection mecha- nism in ADHD.","PeriodicalId":195205,"journal":{"name":"The Open Behavioral Science Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131577789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Perceiving the Center of Three-Body Displays: The Role of Size-Ratio, Symmetry, Elongation, and Gravity 感知三体展示的中心:尺寸比、对称、延伸和重力的作用
The Open Behavioral Science Journal Pub Date : 2008-03-18 DOI: 10.2174/1874230000802010013
J. Friedenberg, B. Liby
{"title":"Perceiving the Center of Three-Body Displays: The Role of Size-Ratio, Symmetry, Elongation, and Gravity","authors":"J. Friedenberg, B. Liby","doi":"10.2174/1874230000802010013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874230000802010013","url":null,"abstract":"Participants judged the perceived center of three-dot displays at different orientations. In Experiment 1, the dots formed an equilateral triangle. The direction of the response distribution aligned with the largest dot, along axes of reflec- tional symmetry and with the gravitational down. In Experiment 2, we created isosceles triangles where the distance be- tween one of the dot pairs was varied. Errors were higher for configurations where the symmetry axis was horizontal and a virtual elongation axis was vertical. The results of Experiment 3 replicate this finding and show that response direction is an accommodation to gravity and other shape factors.","PeriodicalId":195205,"journal":{"name":"The Open Behavioral Science Journal","volume":"179 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114850133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Behavioural Correlates of Cognitive Skill Learning in Parkinson’s Disease 帕金森病认知技能学习的行为相关性
The Open Behavioral Science Journal Pub Date : 2008-01-24 DOI: 10.2174/1874230000802010001
M. Beauchamp, A. Dagher, M. Panisset, J. Doyon
{"title":"Behavioural Correlates of Cognitive Skill Learning in Parkinson’s Disease","authors":"M. Beauchamp, A. Dagher, M. Panisset, J. Doyon","doi":"10.2174/1874230000802010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874230000802010001","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of basal ganglia dysfunction on cognitive skill learning was explored using a learning version of the Tower of London (TOL) task, which places a heavy load on working memory and is not confounded by declarative mem- ory, as have been previous tasks. Two subgroups of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients were assessed and also completed a selection of neuropsychological tests: the first was unmedicated (de novo, n=12) and the second included patients nor- mally receiving L-DOPA, but tested off medication (n=12). Overall, neither subgroup was impaired when learning the task compared to control participants (n=22). Six patients, however, failed to improve their performance with practice. Their learning deficit could not be explained in terms of their functional status; instead, it was related to deficits on span tests. Thus, the inability to acquire a new cognitive skill in PD may not be due to learning impairments per se, but rather, it appears to be secondary to working memory deficits.","PeriodicalId":195205,"journal":{"name":"The Open Behavioral Science Journal","volume":"40 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133783791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Effects of Chronic Alcohol Consumption on Hippocampal Anatomy and Associated Behaviors in Three Inbred Strains of Mice 慢性酒精摄入对三种自交系小鼠海马解剖及相关行为的影响
The Open Behavioral Science Journal Pub Date : 2007-11-27 DOI: 10.2174/1874230000701010005
Y. Mineur, Charlotte Marican, C. Larue-Achagiotis, F. Sluyter, Wim E Crusio
{"title":"Effects of Chronic Alcohol Consumption on Hippocampal Anatomy and Associated Behaviors in Three Inbred Strains of Mice","authors":"Y. Mineur, Charlotte Marican, C. Larue-Achagiotis, F. Sluyter, Wim E Crusio","doi":"10.2174/1874230000701010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874230000701010005","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this study was to investigate the influence of 6 months of chronic alcohol consumption on hippo- campal neuroanatomy, notably the sizes of the intra- and infrapyramidal mossy fiber (IIPMF) terminal fields, and several behaviors, such as radial-maze learning, intermale aggression and anxiety-like behavior, in three inbred strains of mice (NZB, CBA/H, C57BL/6). Based upon several reports highlighting the toxicity of chronic alcohol exposure on the hippo- campus, we expected a general diminution of cognitive abilities, with reduced spatial learning skills, increased aggression and anxiety; and concomitantly, a reduction in the sizes of the IIPMF. Contrary to our hypothesis, we did not find an ef- fect of chronic alcohol exposure, neither an effect per se or in interaction with the genotype. Possible explanations for this unexpected finding include ageing effects and species differences between rats and mice.","PeriodicalId":195205,"journal":{"name":"The Open Behavioral Science Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129060201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Evidence for a Generic Process Underlying Multisensory Integration 多感觉统合的一般过程证据
The Open Behavioral Science Journal Pub Date : 2007-10-09 DOI: 10.2174/1874230000701010001
Corinne Tremblay, F. Champoux, B. Bacon, H. Théoret
{"title":"Evidence for a Generic Process Underlying Multisensory Integration","authors":"Corinne Tremblay, F. Champoux, B. Bacon, H. Théoret","doi":"10.2174/1874230000701010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874230000701010001","url":null,"abstract":"It has been shown repeatedly that the various sensory modalities interact with each other and that the integra- tion of incongruent percepts across two modalities, such as vision and audition, can lead to illusions. Different individual cognitive features (i.e., attention, linguistic experience, etc.) have been shown to modulate the level of multisensory integ- ration. As such, it may be hypothesized that an intra-individual generic process underlies parts of illusory perception, irre- spective of illusory material. One simple way to address this issue is to assess whether observers experience multisensory integration to a similar degree when the illusory material varies with respect to its sensory features. Here, performance on two distinct audio-visual illusions (McGurk effect, illusory flash effect) was tested in a group of adult observers. Results show a positive within-subject correlation between both illusions indirectly supporting the existence of a generic process for multisensory integration that could include individual differences in attention.","PeriodicalId":195205,"journal":{"name":"The Open Behavioral Science Journal","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132296359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
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