Ophthalmology. Glaucoma最新文献

{"title":"A Comparative Study of the Handheld IC200 and Slit Lamp-mounted ST500 Rebound Tonometers with Goldmann Applanation Tonometry","authors":"Ryo Tomita MD,&nbsp;Glen P. Sharpe MSc,&nbsp;Devin Betsch MD,&nbsp;Rodolfo Bonatti MD,&nbsp;Balwantray C. Chauhan PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.ogla.2024.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ogla.2024.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To compare the agreement and repeatability of intraocular pressure (IOP) measured with the slit lamp-mounted ST500 rebound tonometer (iCare Finland Oy), the hand-held IC200 rebound tonometer (iCare Finland Oy), and Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Glaucoma patients and staff of the Eye Care Centre, Nova Scotia Health.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Intraocular pressure was measured twice each with the IC200, ST500, and GAT. Bland-Altman analysis was used to compare each pair of tonometers and whether the difference between tonometers depended on mean IOP. Intraclass correlation coefficients were also computed. Repeatability of the measurements with each tonometer was assessed by calculating the mean and variance of the difference between the first and second measurements. The relationship between IOP and central corneal thickness was also evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Agreement and repeatability of IOP measurements with the IC200, ST500, and GAT.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>One eye of 157 participants (64 men and 93 women) with a median (interquartile range) age and central corneal thickness of 62 (45–72) years and 553 (533–572) μm, respectively, were enrolled. Median IOP with the IC200, ST500, and GAT was 17.1 (14.3–21.0), 16.5 (14.0–20.8), and 17.0 (14.0–20.5) mmHg, respectively, while the range of IOP (measured with GAT) was 8.5 to 53.0 mmHg. Measurements with the 3 tonometers were not statistically different from each other, and in neither of the 3 paired comparisons was the difference in IOP between 2 tonometers dependent on mean IOP. The intraclass correlation coefficient values (0.97–0.98) showed excellent agreement between the tonometers. The variance of the difference between the first and second measurements of the ST500 was significantly lower than that of GAT (<em>P</em> = 0.04) and IC200 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Intraclass correlation coefficients for intratonometer repeatability were also excellent (0.97–0.99).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The ST500 shows good agreement with GAT over a large range of IOP and significantly higher repeatability compared to the IC200 and GAT, suggesting it may be advantageous in clinical settings where topical anesthesia or skilled staff are unavailable.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19519,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology. Glaucoma","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 152-156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective Management of Ahmed Valve Obstruction by Iris Using Only Mydriatic Drops","authors":"David Oliver-Gutiérrez MD,&nbsp;Laura Sánchez MD,&nbsp;Marta Castany PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.ogla.2024.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ogla.2024.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19519,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology. Glaucoma","volume":"8 2","pages":"Page e3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142831012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Device Manufacturer Payments to Surgeons and Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery Utilization in the United States","authors":"Patrick C. Demkowicz BS,&nbsp;Christopher C. Teng MD, MBA,&nbsp;Ji Liu MD, MS,&nbsp;Soshian Sarrafpour MD","doi":"10.1016/j.ogla.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ogla.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19519,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology. Glaucoma","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 206-208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Robison D. Harley, MD Childhood Glaucoma Research Network International Pediatric Glaucoma Registry","authors":"Stephanie R. Beldick MD, MSc ,&nbsp;Adam Rockter BS ,&nbsp;Allen D. Beck MD ,&nbsp;Alex V. Levin MD, MHSc","doi":"10.1016/j.ogla.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ogla.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Purpose&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;To report on epidemiologic data from an international, centralized pediatric glaucoma database of 872 patients, focusing on genetic and clinically significant factors.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Design&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Database study utilizing retrospective analysis.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Subjects&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Eight hundred seventy-two children, both female and male, were included in the database. After accounting for database coding errors, data from 865 patients with pediatric glaucoma were analyzed. Number of eyes analyzed fluctuated for each variable.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The registry is an open access, no charge, Research Electronic Data Capture database. Participating clinical centers input data with local Institutional Review Board approval and subsequently have access for research purposes. We retrospectively reviewed 872 patients, comparing demographics, family history, country, disease presentation, and Childhood Glaucoma Research Network diagnoses. Analyses for each variable were conducted in SPSS Software v.28.0. Chi-square analyses were performed for nominal data, and ordinal and continuous data were analyzed using Mann–Whitney test, analysis of variance, or Kruskal–Wallis tests with multiple comparisons.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Main Outcome Measures&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Childhood Glaucoma Research Network glaucoma type and markers of clinical severity by country (laterality, cup-to-disc ratio [CTD], corneal diameter, opacification, edema; visual acuity [VA], intraocular pressure, Haab striae, axial length).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Twenty clinical sites from 10 countries entered data. Centers in the USA, India, and Iran input the most data. In the USA, open-angle glaucoma following cataract surgery was most common, while in India and Iran it was primary congenital glaucoma neonatal onset. Bilateral disease was more frequent in India and Iran compared to the USA (X&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 50.6, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001). Clinical measures of severity were typically worse in India compared to the USA. This included increased CTD (X&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 24.0, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.002), increased corneal diameter (X&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 8.9, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.01), presence of corneal opacification (X&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 10.7, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.001), presence of corneal edema (X&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 11.7, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001), and worse VA (&lt;em&gt;U&lt;/em&gt; = 873.5, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001). Intraocular pressure and presence of Haab striae were not associated with country (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &gt; 0.05), while axial length was increased in the USA by an average of 1.04 mm (&lt;em&gt;U&lt;/em&gt; = 5787, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.002).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This registry has potential to advance our understanding of pediatric glaucoma. Differences in family history, disease presentation, and glaucoma type suggest unique country phenotypes. Registry expansion may allow for insight into best practices for pediatric glaucoma.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Financial Disclosure(s)&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Proprietary or c","PeriodicalId":19519,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology. Glaucoma","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 175-180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142402133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ChatGPT for Addressing Patient-centered Frequently Asked Questions in Glaucoma Clinical Practice","authors":"Henrietta Wang MPH ,&nbsp;Katherine Masselos MBBS, FRANZCO ,&nbsp;Janelle Tong PhD ,&nbsp;Heather R.M. Connor PhD ,&nbsp;Janelle Scully BOptom ,&nbsp;Sophia Zhang BOptom(Hons) ,&nbsp;Daniel Rafla MPhil ,&nbsp;Matteo Posarelli MD ,&nbsp;Jeremy C.K. Tan MD, FRANZCO ,&nbsp;Ashish Agar MBBS, FRANZCO ,&nbsp;Michael Kalloniatis MScOptom, PhD ,&nbsp;Jack Phu MPH, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.ogla.2024.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ogla.2024.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Large language models such as ChatGPT-3.5 are often used by the public to answer questions related to daily life, including health advice. This study evaluated the responses of ChatGPT-3.5 in answering patient-centered frequently asked questions (FAQs) relevant in glaucoma clinical practice.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Prospective cross-sectional survey.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Expert graders.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twelve experts across a range of clinical, education, and research practices in optometry and ophthalmology. Over 200 patient-centric FAQs from authoritative professional society, hospital and advocacy websites were distilled and filtered into 40 questions across 4 themes: definition and risk factors, diagnosis and testing, lifestyle and other accompanying conditions, and treatment and follow-up. The questions were individually input into ChatGPT-3.5 to generate responses. The responses were graded by the 12 experts individually.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>A 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree) was used to grade ChatGPT-3.5 responses across 4 domains: coherency, factuality, comprehensiveness, and safety.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Across all themes and domains, median scores were all 4 (“agree”). Comprehensiveness had the lowest scores across domains (mean 3.7 ± 0.9), followed by factuality (mean 3.9 ± 0.9) and coherency and safety (mean 4.1 ± 0.8 for both). Examination of the individual 40 questions showed that 8 (20%), 17 (42.5%), 24 (60%), and 8 (20%) of the questions had average scores below 4 (i.e., below \"agree\") for the coherency, factuality, comprehensiveness, and safety domains, respectively. Free-text comments by the experts highlighted omissions of facts and comprehensiveness (e.g., secondary glaucoma) and remarked on the vagueness of some responses (i.e., that the response did not account for individual patient circumstances).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>ChatGPT-3.5 responses to FAQs in glaucoma were generally agreeable in terms of coherency, factuality, comprehensiveness, and safety. However, areas of weakness were identified, precluding recommendations for routine use to provide patients with tailored counseling in glaucoma, especially with respect to development of glaucoma and its management.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19519,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology. Glaucoma","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 157-166"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142482080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of Port-Wine Birthmarks and Glaucoma Outcomes in Sturge-Weber Syndrome","authors":"Daniel M. Vu MD ,&nbsp;Harald Gjerde MD, FRCSC ,&nbsp;Abdelrahman M. Elhusseiny MD, MSc ,&nbsp;Isdin Oke MD, MPH ,&nbsp;Deborah K. VanderVeen MD","doi":"10.1016/j.ogla.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ogla.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To identify which features of Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) were most associated with glaucoma onset, severity, and treatment failure at a tertiary care center.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>Children who had SWS with and without glaucoma.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Electronic health records were reviewed for all children with SWS presenting between 2014 and 2020. Examination and imaging findings from dermatology, neurology, and ophthalmology were collected. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with glaucoma-related outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Primary outcomes included glaucoma development, progression to surgery, and treatment failure. Failure was defined as having a final intraocular pressure &gt;21 mmHg, devastating complication, or ≤20/200 vision.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-three of 44 SWS patients (52.3%) developed glaucoma, and 6 of 23 patients (26.1%) had both eyes affected. Sixteen of 29 eyes (55.2%) required surgery, and 29.6% overall met our failure criteria (mean follow-up: 5.1 ± 4.3 years). Glaucoma diagnosis was associated with bilateral port-wine birthmarks (PWBs; odds ratio [OR] 5.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3–43.2), PWB with any lower eyelid involvement (OR 9.7, 95% CI 2.6–44.5), and choroidal hemangiomas (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.1–13.8), but was not associated with upper eyelid or leptomeningeal angiomas, seizures, prior hemispherectomy, or pulsed-dye laser. Eyes that progressed to surgery were more likely to have PWB affecting the lower eyelid (OR 33.7, 95% CI 4.5–728.0). No clinical or demographic factors were associated with treatment failure. In most cases, angle surgery failed (72.7%) but was a temporizing measure before subconjunctival filtering surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Lower eyelid and choroidal angiomas were associated with glaucoma diagnosis, suggesting a spatial relationship with SWS findings. However, leptomeningeal angiomas were not associated, possibly because these are further from the eye.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19519,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology. Glaucoma","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 181-187"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142513896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Detection of Glaucoma Progression","authors":"Maryam Ashrafkhorasani MD ,&nbsp;Sajad Besharati MD ,&nbsp;Vahid Mohammadzadeh MD ,&nbsp;Jane Zou BS ,&nbsp;Judy Figueroa BS ,&nbsp;Masood Mohammadi MD ,&nbsp;Kouros Nouri-Mahdavi MD, MS","doi":"10.1016/j.ogla.2024.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ogla.2024.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To test the hypothesis that a summary index derived from the central 12 points of the 24-2 visual field (12-point mean deviation [MD12]) could provide complementary information to that provided by the 24-2 visual field (VF) mean deviation (24-2 MD).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Longitudinal observational study.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>One hundred twenty-five eyes (125 patients) with central damage or moderate to severe glaucoma from the Advanced Glaucoma Progression Study with ≥ 4 pairs of 10-2 and 24-2 Swedish Interactive Thresholding Algorithm standard VFs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Baseline 10-2 and 24-2 VF dates were within 6 months, and the remaining pairs of VF tests were done in the same session. The MD12 index was calculated by averaging total deviation values from the central 12 points of 24-2 VF. Simple linear regression of MD against time was used to estimate 24-2 MD, 10-2 MD, and MD12 rates of change (RoC). Progression at the final follow-up visit was defined as a RoC &lt; 0 dB/year with <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05 for any summary index with confirmation.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Proportion of progressing eyes based on 24-2 MD, 10-2 MD, and MD12 RoC.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The average (standard deviation) baseline 24-2 and 10-2 MD were −9.0 ± 6.2 and −8.5 ± 5.4 dB, respectively. The mean follow-up time was 5.7 (±1.6) years. The three summary indices were highly correlated at baseline: r = 0.62 (95% confidence interval: 0.52–0.74) between 10-2 MD and 24-2 MD, 0.84 (95% confidence interval: 0.78–0.90) between MD12 and 24-2 MD, and 0.86 (95% confidence interval: 0.80–0.92) between 10-2 MD and MD12. The corresponding correlations between RoC were weaker: r = 0.41 (95% confidence interval: 0.37–0.45), 0.80 (95% confidence interval: 0.78–0.82), and 0.49 (95% confidence interval: 0.45–0.53). Glaucoma progression was detected in 29 (23.2%), 22 (17.6%), and 23 eyes (18.4%) based on the 24-2, 10-2, and MD12 RoC, respectively; 7 eyes (9.6%) exhibited progression based on MD12 RoC and not with 24-2 MD; only 3 of these eyes progressed according to 10-2.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>MD12 RoC and detection rates have a low level of agreement with those of 10-2 and hence do not replace the need for 10-2 VF MD to monitor central damage.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19519,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology. Glaucoma","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 117-125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Should We Use Disposable Tonometers and Gonioprisms in the Office?","authors":"Emily M. Schehlein MD,&nbsp;Alan L. Robin MD","doi":"10.1016/j.ogla.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ogla.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19519,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology. Glaucoma","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 109-111"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142585380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Legal Verbiage in State Legislation for Insurer Coverage of Early Eyedrop Refills in the United States","authors":"Nicole N. Chamberlain MD ,&nbsp;J. Kevin McKinney MD ,&nbsp;Lydia Yang BA ,&nbsp;Wisam Najdawi BS ,&nbsp;Patrick B. Barlow PhD ,&nbsp;Andrew E. Pouw MD","doi":"10.1016/j.ogla.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ogla.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>State laws on early eyedrop refills, implemented to help patients obtain their medications when they run out early, have many inconsistencies possibly impacting their efficacy and functionality. This study sought to examine different state laws and elucidate unique features and commonalities that may influence their effectiveness.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A review of all state legislation to date regarding early eyedrop refills was performed.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>All 50 states were included, with an in-depth review of the 33 states that had early eyedrop refill legislation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The law database Nexis Uni (formerly LexisNexis) and each state’s individual law code site were used to identify relevant laws (or proposed legislation) using keywords such as “eyedrop,” “eye,” “refill,” and “early.” Political data based on the year these laws were passed were obtained from the National Governor’s Association and National Conference of State Legislatures. These data were aggregated and analyzed using descriptive statistics.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>State law wording was analyzed for percentage of dosage period passed, days passed, and other requirements.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 33 states with early eyedrop refill laws, 14 were only days based, 8 were only percentage based, 4 had both, 4 had neither percentage nor days criteria, and 3 had neither but cited Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services guidelines. These laws were passed between 2009 and 2023, with a notable increase from 2014 to 2018, rising from 10 to 29 states. Regionally, the Northeast had the highest adoption rate (88%), followed by the West (77%), the South (56%), and the Midwest (50%). Political climates varied: 14 states had Republican control, 2 had Democratic control, and 17 had mixed party control. Of the 17 states without an early eyedrop refill law 4 attempted passage but were not put into law for various reasons with the other 13 not appearing to have had any attempts at law passage.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>State laws providing coverage for early eyedrop refills vary in terms of verbiage and requirements necessary to obtain a covered early eyedrop refill. Region, political climate, and year appear to play minor roles in early eyedrop refill verbiage and passage.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19519,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology. Glaucoma","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 199-205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Celebrating the 40th Anniversary of the American Glaucoma Society: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow","authors":"Carla J. Siegfried MD,&nbsp;Gregory L. Skuta MD","doi":"10.1016/j.ogla.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ogla.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19519,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology. Glaucoma","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}