Oncology Letters最新文献

{"title":"Locally advanced breast cancer in an elderly male with end-stage renal disease: A case report.","authors":"Mengfan Chen, Ming Feng, Xiaoyu Li, Huanhuan Wang, Ke Hong, Chang Yao","doi":"10.3892/ol.2026.15683","DOIUrl":"10.3892/ol.2026.15683","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Male breast cancer (MBC) is uncommon, often diagnosed late and prone to distant metastases. Treating MBC is more challenging than treating female breast cancer. The present study reports a case of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in a Chinese patient with locally advanced MBC. What distinguishes the present case from previously reported MBCs is the advanced age (90 years), the presence of ESRD with multiple complications and the locally advanced (T4b) ulcerated tumor, a triad rarely documented in the literature. A 90-year-old man presented to the hospital with an itchy, bleeding, ulcerated breast tumor. In addition to ESRD, they had hypertension and urinary retention requiring cystostomy, as well as a 5.0×4.5 cm ulcer on their left breast. A simple left mastectomy was performed as palliative surgery. Postoperative pathology confirmed invasive ductal carcinoma (unspecified type, grade III); immunohistochemistry showed strong estrogen receptor positivity (~95%) and moderate-to-strong progesterone receptor positivity (~10%). After palliative resection, the patient received adjuvant endocrine therapy as scheduled. Due to the systemic condition of the patient and their comorbidities, adjuvant endocrine therapy was chosen over radiation and chemotherapy. The quality of life of the patient improved and recovery was uneventful. In the present case, respecting the preferences of the patient was vital for this very elderly individual with a terminal illness. Striking a balance between tumor control and risk-benefit ratio within a multidisciplinary team framework was essential. A tailored approach based on endocrine and palliative medications should be adopted to improve quality of life and short-term prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19503,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Letters","volume":"32 2","pages":"328"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13266397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148265523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia following definitive chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer: A case report.","authors":"Yuanyuan Kong, Liangxue Zhu, Yuelan Xiao","doi":"10.3892/ol.2026.15682","DOIUrl":"10.3892/ol.2026.15682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a well-known paraneoplastic syndrome in hematologic malignancies, it has rarely been reported in solid tumors. Documented cases of secondary warm AIHA (wAIHA) linked to solid tumors, particularly cervical cancer, are exceedingly rare. The present study reports 1 case of wAIHA occurring in a 73-year-old patient following radical chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer. To the best of our knowledge, this association between wAIHA and cervical cancer has not been previously reported. The present case report highlights cervical cancer as a novel etiology of secondary AIHA and emphasizes the need for clinical vigilance to avoid diagnostic delays in post-treatment anemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19503,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Letters","volume":"32 2","pages":"327"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13267080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148265582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adrenal lymphoma with hypertension: A report of three cases.","authors":"Kunlei Tan, Zhijun Han, Yali Zhou, Miduo Tan, Lei Chen, Yinchun Deng","doi":"10.3892/ol.2026.15685","DOIUrl":"10.3892/ol.2026.15685","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adrenal lymphoma is a rare clinical entity, classified as either primary adrenal lymphoma (PAL) or secondary adrenal lymphoma. PAL is a highly aggressive malignancy with an extremely low incidence rate. To date, <250 cases have been reported in the English literature. The clinical manifestations of PAL are diverse and non-specific, often resulting in a delayed diagnosis or a misdiagnosis. In patients with comorbid hypertension, the differential diagnosis of an adrenal mass typically emphasizes functional tumors, such as aldosterone-producing tumors (which cause primary aldosteronism) and pheochromocytoma. Due to the usual absence of characteristic hormonal abnormalities, PAL is frequently overlooked in clinical practice. The present report describes the cases of 3 male patients with PAL, aged 83, 73 and 63 years. The first 2 patients had pre-existing hypertension prior to the confirmation of PAL. The present report summarizes the diagnostic strategies for PAL and relevant differential diagnoses, and describes the treatment responses observed in each case. Diagnosing PAL is challenging, and its prognosis is generally poor. PAL should be considered in the differential diagnosis of adrenal masses, particularly in patients with a history of hypertension. Once diagnosed, management should be guided by a multidisciplinary team specialized in adrenal and hematological disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":19503,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Letters","volume":"32 2","pages":"330"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13280525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148295940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roles of V-domain Ig suppressor of T-cell activation-mediated immunoregulation in tumor immune escape (Review).","authors":"Ying Chen, Shubo Wang, Ben Yang, Guohui Wang, Kunning Yang, Meihua Qu","doi":"10.3892/ol.2026.15679","DOIUrl":"10.3892/ol.2026.15679","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>V-domain Ig suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA), a key member of the B7 family of immune checkpoint molecules, exerts regulatory effects on T-cell function both directly and indirectly, thus serving a notable role in tumor immune evasion. VISTA directly inhibits the phosphorylation of key molecules in the T-cell receptor signaling pathway, leading to a reduction in the expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the establishment of an immunosuppressive TME. Furthermore, VISTA can indirectly modulate T-cell function by regulating various immune cells, including dendritic cells, macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Targeting VISTA can effectively restore T-cell metabolic function, with monoclonal antibodies against VISTA exhibiting notable potential in the treatment of patients with PD-1 resistance. Several inhibitors (e.g., CI-8993 and SNS-101) targeting VISTA have already entered phase I/II clinical trials. Through its dual mechanisms of directly inhibiting T-cell activation and indirectly modulating the TME, VISTA constitutes a key component of tumor immune evasion, offering a vital target for cancer immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19503,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Letters","volume":"32 2","pages":"324"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13376818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148579549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross-platform transcriptomic risk score integrating LymphoMAP microenvironment archetypes and immune evasion-associated programs in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.","authors":"Xiaochang Chen, Jin Zhang, Shenhe Jin, Luqiao Wang, Ye Zhang","doi":"10.3892/ol.2026.15681","DOIUrl":"10.3892/ol.2026.15681","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is clinically heterogeneous and existing prognostic indices incompletely capture its biological diversity. The present study aimed to investigate how transcriptome-inferred LymphoMAP archetypes (lymph node-like, fibroblast-macrophage-rich and T cell-exhausted) relate to genetic subtypes and immune evasion-associated programs, and whether integrating these dimensions improves risk stratification beyond the International Prognostic Index (IPI). Using the DLBCL-2018 cohort (n=562), LymphoMAP archetypes were inferred and immune programs were quantified by single-sample gene set enrichment analysis, summarizing them into an immune evasion-associated index. In the immunochemotherapy-treated subset (n=234), overall survival was assessed and an elastic-net Cox model was developed to derive a transcriptomic risk score (RScore-Expr). The score was externally evaluated in four independent Gene Expression Omnibus cohorts (n=1,173) with a random-effects meta-analysis performed across studies. LymphoMAP archetypes were non-randomly associated with genetic subtypes (χ²=20.85, P=0.0076) and exhibited distinct immune-program patterns. While archetypes alone were not prognostic in the treated subset (log-rank P=0.67), an integrated model identified high-risk patients (log-rank P=0.0026) with modest discrimination (C-index: 0.624; time-dependent area under the curve values: 0.662/0.628/0.642 at 12/36/60 months). When added to the IPI, the score improved corrected discrimination (0.639 to 0.687), improved model fit (likelihood-ratio χ²=12.32, P=4.48×10^-4), and yielded higher net benefit on decision-curve analysis at 24 and 60 months. In external cohorts, RScore-Expr showed a consistent association with survival (pooled hazard ratio per 1 standard deviation, 1.13; 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.26; P=0.033). These results support a cross-platform framework linking microenvironment archetypes, immune evasion-associated programs and tumor genetics. The novelty of the current study lies in integrating these features into an externally evaluated transcriptomic risk score and formally demonstrating added value beyond the IPI in DLBCL.</p>","PeriodicalId":19503,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Letters","volume":"32 2","pages":"326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13261347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148252678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological and pathogenic roles of major genes harbored in intrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 21 in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Review).","authors":"Conrado Emilio Uría-Gómez, Hugo Mendieta-Zerón, Jazmín Arteaga-Vázquez, Antonio Sandoval-Cabrera","doi":"10.3892/ol.2026.15678","DOIUrl":"10.3892/ol.2026.15678","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chromosomal alterations are key in the study of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as they facilitate the establishment of risks, prognosis and treatment. The intrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 21 (iAMP21) can generate a structurally heterogeneous derivative chromosome 21 that can typically replace a normal chromosome 21 and defines a subtype of high-risk childhood ALL (iAMP21-ALL). A region commonly involved in this amplification has been delineated and includes genes such as chromatin assembly factor 1 subunit B, dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A, erythroblast transformation-specific-related gene, high mobility group nucleosome binding domain 1 and Runt-related transcription factor 1, but its role in the development of leukemia has not yet been fully elucidated. The Down syndrome critical region on chromosome 21 (ripply transcriptional repressor 3) overlaps with a common amplification region in iAMP21. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that iAMP21-related genes may be associated with Down syndrome susceptibility to ALL. The present review described the biological role of iAMP21-related genes and their relationship with ALL development.</p>","PeriodicalId":19503,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Letters","volume":"32 2","pages":"323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13261349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148252696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IL-37 drives temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma via MAPK pathway activation.","authors":"Yu Wang, Ying Liu, Jingyi Wang, Wei Rong, Xue Song","doi":"10.3892/ol.2026.15677","DOIUrl":"10.3892/ol.2026.15677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The features of high heterogeneity and aggressiveness of glioblastoma (GBM) predispose it to temozolomide (TMZ) resistance, which notably impairs therapeutic efficacy. Cytokine family members have been shown to activate pro-survival pathways in GBM cells and facilitate the formation of immunosuppressive microenvironments, contributing to TMZ resistance in GBM. The present study aimed to investigate the role of cytokine IL-37 in the malignant progression and TMZ resistance of GBM. Recombinant human IL-37b (rIL-37) enhanced the survival of TMZ-treated GBM U251 cells. IL-37 silencing or overexpression notably reduced or increased the survival rate of U251 cells exposed to TMZ, respectively. In TMZ-resistant U251 (U251-TR) cells, IL-37 knockdown also improved cellular sensitivity to TMZ. Consistent with these findings, rIL-37 treatment promoted proliferation and suppressed apoptosis of U251 cells under TMZ exposure, whereas IL-37 silencing significantly suppressed growth and enhanced the apoptotic responses of U251-TR cells receiving TMZ. To explore the underlying mechanisms, RNA sequencing was performed and revealed that the U251 cells undergoing TMZ exposure and rIL-37 treatment exhibited an altered transcriptomic profile, characterized by the activation of both mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways and senescence-related pathways. After confirming the activation of cellular MAPK cascades and senescence, Adezmapimod, a p38 MAPK-specific inhibitor, effectively counteracted rIL-37-induced improvements in cellular survival and proliferative capacity, suppression of apoptosis and activation of senescence in U251 cells under TMZ exposure, indicating the necessity of the MAPK pathway in TMZ resistance. The present study expands the current knowledge of the roles of IL-37 during the malignant progression of GBM and demonstrates that IL-37 enhances TMZ resistance in GBM cells by activating the MAPK pathway and inhibiting apoptosis, suggesting that targeted inhibition of MAPK cascades in GBM is promising in future clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19503,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Letters","volume":"32 2","pages":"322"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13261500/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148252172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicopathological characterization of cervical squamous cell carcinoma with <i>PIK3CA</i> hotspot mutation: A single-institution study.","authors":"Jason Murray, Harsimar Kaur, Colton Smith, Annie A Wu, Lee Shu-Fune Wu, Ya-Chea Tsai, Chien-Fu Hung, T-C Wu, Deyin Xing","doi":"10.3892/ol.2026.15676","DOIUrl":"10.3892/ol.2026.15676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>PIK3CA</i> serves a well-established role in carcinogenesis; however, although its prognostic importance in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has been extensively studied, the results remain controversial. In the present single-institution study, the clinicopathological features of 207 cases of cervical SCC were characterized based on their <i>PIK3CA</i> hotspot mutational status. The prevalence of <i>PIK3CA</i> hotspot mutations in this cohort was 13% (27/207), with 96.3% (26/27) of mutations clustered in the helical domain (exon 9). Patients harboring <i>PIK3CA</i> mutations tended to be older, and the mutation rate was significantly higher among those aged ≥50 years compared with those aged <50 years (18.4% vs. 8.3%, P=0.031). When stratified by stage, a trend toward a higher frequency of <i>PIK3CA</i> mutations was observed in patients with advanced-stage disease (P=0.0575), although this difference did not reach statistical significance. The mutation rate was 6.8% (5/74) among patients with stage I carcinoma and increased to 18.1% (19/105) among those with stage II or higher disease (P=0.0284). Nearly all patients with <i>PIK3CA</i>-mutant tumors (96%, 23/24) underwent chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy (P=0.0089). No statistically significant difference was observed between patients with <i>PIK3CA</i>-wildtype and <i>PIK3CA</i>-mutant tumors with respect to ethnicity, procedures performed at initial diagnosis or human papillomavirus status. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression (combined positive score ≥1) was observed in 76.3% of cervical SCC cases. However, immunohistochemical analysis did not reveal a statistically significant association between PD-L1 expression and <i>PIK3CA</i> mutation status. Furthermore, the results showed that <i>PIK3CA</i> mutations were not associated with the prognosis of patients with cervical SCC. The only factor significantly associated with the cause-specific survival and overall survival in this cohort was clinical stage. The present study highlights and expands upon the clinicopathological characteristics of cervical SCC with <i>PIK3CA</i> hotspot mutations in a single-institution cohort. Future studies should focus on evaluating the efficacy of PI3K inhibitors, alone or in combination with immunotherapy and other targeted treatments, in selected patients. This evaluation should be based on molecular alterations that may predict therapeutic benefit.</p>","PeriodicalId":19503,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Letters","volume":"32 1","pages":"321"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13261499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148252657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival prediction in stage II/III rectal cancer: Role of immune-inflammatory biomarkers post neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.","authors":"Bingjie Li, Taotao Huang, Shijing Xu, Yuhuan Ye, Yong Liu, Xiaoyu Wang, Yongsheng Wang","doi":"10.3892/ol.2026.15672","DOIUrl":"10.3892/ol.2026.15672","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The precise prediction of survival outcomes in rectal cancer is essential for the development of personalized treatment strategies, particularly due to the heterogeneity in patient prognosis and response to therapy. The present study examined the prognostic significance of immune-inflammatory markers, in predicting outcomes of patients with stage II and III rectal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT). The present retrospective cohort analysis included 651 patients diagnosed with stage II/III rectal cancer, all of whom underwent NCRT as part of their treatment regimen. Data relative to clinical and pathological variables, including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, eosinophil count and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were collected and examined. These variables were subjected to multivariate Cox regression analysis to independently predict overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Furthermore, prognostic nomograms were constructed and validated to enhance the prediction of patient outcomes. CEA, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, eosinophil count and the NLR were determined to be independent predictors of OS and DFS in Cox regression analyses. A nomogram was constructed to incorporate these five prognostic biomarkers, which demonstrated good calibration and accurately predicted outcomes, with close agreement between the predicted and observed results. Notably, elevated post-NCRT NLR was significantly associated with poorer survival. In conclusion, the present study constructed and validated a prognostic model to predict OS and DFS in patients with stage II/III rectal cancer receiving NCRT, based on readily accessible clinical biomarkers. This model may have potential clinical utility for prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19503,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Letters","volume":"32 1","pages":"317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13247676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148218737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitors for invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma: A case series.","authors":"Tatsuya Kato, Takahiro Mitsumura, Eiyu Tsuboi, Hiroshi Nakahama, Yui Takahashi, Yuichiro Nei, Shigeo Hanada, Atsushi Miyamoto, Hironori Uruga, Takeshi Fujii, Meiyo Tamaoka","doi":"10.3892/ol.2026.15674","DOIUrl":"10.3892/ol.2026.15674","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) is a rare subtype of lung adenocarcinoma that frequently harbors <i>KRAS</i> mutations and exhibits low programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. As evidence on the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for IMA is limited, the present study aimed to describe the clinical features, treatment patterns and outcomes to evaluate the effectiveness of ICIs for IMA. The present retrospective study included 15 patients with advanced or recurrent IMA who were treated at Toranomon Hospital (Tokyo, Japan) between April 2014 and March 2025. The present report focuses on 7 patients who received first-line ICI-based therapy. Patient characteristics, molecular and pathological features, treatments administered, and outcomes were summarized, and responses were assessed using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1. Among the 15 patients, <i>KRAS</i> mutations were identified in 6 patients (40%), PD-L1 expression was positive in 2 patients (13%), negative in 7 patients (47%) and unknown in 6 patients (40%). Of the 7 patients receiving first-line ICI-based therapy, 4 received dual ICIs and 3 received a single-agent ICI. The best overall response among these patients was partial response (PR) in 1 patient (14%), stable disease in 5 patients (71%) and progressive disease in 1 patient (14%). A total of 5 patients (71%) experienced immune-related adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation. In conclusion, first-line ICI-based therapies showed limited effectiveness overall. However, 3 patients treated with dual ICIs and chemotherapy achieved a 100% disease control rate, with 1 patient achieving a PR. Therefore, specific ICI-based combination therapies may be a viable option for the treatment of IMA.</p>","PeriodicalId":19503,"journal":{"name":"Oncology Letters","volume":"32 1","pages":"319"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13247393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148218780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}