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Oxford Studies in Metaphysics Volume 12最新文献

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Easy Ontology, Two-Dimensionalism, and Truthmaking 简单本体论，二维，和真理制造
Oxford Studies in Metaphysics Volume 12 Pub Date : 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780192893314.003.0002
R. Cameron
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引用次数: 0
Nomothetic Explanation and Humeanism about Laws of Nature 自然规律的本体解释与人文主义
Oxford Studies in Metaphysics Volume 12 Pub Date : 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780192893314.003.0006
H. Bhogal
{"title":"Nomothetic Explanation and Humeanism about Laws of Nature","authors":"H. Bhogal","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780192893314.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780192893314.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Humeanism about laws of nature—the view that the laws reduce to the Humean mosaic—is a popular view, but currently existing versions face powerful objections. The non-supervenience objection, the non-fundamentality objection, and the explanatory circularity objection have all been thought to cause problems for Humeanism. However, these objections share a guiding thought—they are all based on the idea that there is a certain kind of divergence between the practice of science and the metaphysical picture suggested by Humeanism. I suggest that the Humean should respond to these objections not by rejecting this divergence, but by arguing that it is appropriate. The Humean should distinguish between scientific and metaphysical explanation. And they should leverage this into distinctions between scientific and metaphysical fundamentality and scientific and metaphysical possibility. We can use these distinctions to respond to the objections that the Humean faces.","PeriodicalId":194543,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Studies in Metaphysics Volume 12","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125150600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 32
Some Consequences of Physics for the Comparative Metaphysics of Quantity 物理学对量的比较形而上学的一些影响
Oxford Studies in Metaphysics Volume 12 Pub Date : 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192893314.003.0004
D. Baker
{"title":"Some Consequences of Physics for the Comparative Metaphysics of Quantity","authors":"D. Baker","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192893314.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192893314.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"According to comparativist theories of quantities, their intrinsic values are not fundamental. Instead, all the quantity facts are grounded in scale-independent relations like “twice as massive as” or “more massive than.” I show that this sort of scale independence is best understood as a sort of metaphysical symmetry—a principle about which transformations of the non-fundamental ontology leave the fundamental ontology unchanged. Determinism—a core scientific concept easily formulated in absolutist terms—is more difficult for the comparativist to define. After settling on the most plausible comparativist understanding of determinism, I offer some examples of physical systems that the comparativist must count as indeterministic, although the relevant physical theory gives deterministic predictions. Several morals are drawn. In particular: comparativism is metaphysically contingent if true, and it is most natural for a comparativist to accept an at-at theory of motion.","PeriodicalId":194543,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Studies in Metaphysics Volume 12","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116212856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Ontological Pluralism and Notational Variance 本体多元论与符号变异
Oxford Studies in Metaphysics Volume 12 Pub Date : 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780192893314.003.0003
Bruno Whittle
{"title":"Ontological Pluralism and Notational Variance","authors":"Bruno Whittle","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780192893314.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780192893314.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Ontological pluralism is the view that there are different ways to exist. It is a position with deep roots in the history of philosophy, and in which there has been a recent resurgence of interest. In contemporary presentations, it is stated in terms of fundamental languages: as the view that such languages contain more than one quantifier. For example, one ranging over abstract objects, and another over concrete ones. A natural worry, however, is that the languages proposed by the pluralist are mere notational variants of those proposed by the monist, in which case the debate between the two positions would not seem to be substantive. Jason Turner has given an ingenious response to this worry, in terms of a principle that he calls ‘logical realism’. This paper offers a counter-response on behalf of the ‘notationalist’.","PeriodicalId":194543,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Studies in Metaphysics Volume 12","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132571043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Advanced Temporalizing 先进的作时间限制
Oxford Studies in Metaphysics Volume 12 Pub Date : 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192893314.003.0009
Daniel Deasy
{"title":"Advanced Temporalizing","authors":"Daniel Deasy","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192893314.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192893314.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"There is a widespread assumption that B-theorists—according to whom there is no fundamental distinction between present and non-present times—should interpret tense operators such as ‘It was the case that’ and ‘It will be the case five minutes hence that’ as implicit quantifier-restrictors, so that (for example) an utterance at the present time n of the sentence ‘It was the case that there are dinosaurs’ is true just in case there are dinosaurs located at some time t earlier than n. However, it is easy to show that this interpretation of the tense operators causes problems for B-theorists when combined with certain other natural B-theoretic commitments. In this paper, I argue that a good way for B-theorists to avoid these problems is to treat the tense operators as redundant when the sentences in their scope are qualitative—that is, not about any particular individual(s).","PeriodicalId":194543,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Studies in Metaphysics Volume 12","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116750674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Fundamentality of Physics 物理学的基础
Oxford Studies in Metaphysics Volume 12 Pub Date : 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780192893314.003.0007
A. Ney
{"title":"The Fundamentality of Physics","authors":"A. Ney","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780192893314.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780192893314.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"A core commitment among physicalists is that physics holds some special status among the sciences, that it is fundamental. This paper argues that the most common interpretation of the fundamentality of physics, in terms of the ontological or explanatory completeness of physics, faces several insurmountable challenges. This interpretation relies on questionable assumptions about physics, many of which have been widely recognized as questionable in the philosophy of science for decades. Moreover, completeness physicalism is untenable in failing to provide the physicalist with any usable guide to ontology or metaphysical commitments. These same considerations motivate a revised interpretation of fundamentality in terms of a notion of ontological or explanatory maximality. This maximality physicalism is developed and defended.","PeriodicalId":194543,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Studies in Metaphysics Volume 12","volume":"6 19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132324215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Little Puzzle about a Piece and a Puddle 关于一块和一个水坑的小谜语
Oxford Studies in Metaphysics Volume 12 Pub Date : 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780192893314.003.0008
Mahrad Almotahari
{"title":"A Little Puzzle about a Piece and a Puddle","authors":"Mahrad Almotahari","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780192893314.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780192893314.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"A new puzzle about material constitution is presented and its implications are discussed. The moral of the story is that familiar intuitions supporting a neo-Aristotelian view of the material world are contradictory. To accommodate these intuitions is to embrace inconsistency. Therefore, neo-Aristotelianism is worse off for its intuitive appeal. Furthermore, the puzzle is used to argue for an account of ordinary modal thought and language that’s reconstructive, or ameliorative.","PeriodicalId":194543,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Studies in Metaphysics Volume 12","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126013086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Truthmakers and Easy Ontology Truthmakers和Easy Ontology
Oxford Studies in Metaphysics Volume 12 Pub Date : 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780192893314.003.0001
Amie L. Thomasson
{"title":"Truthmakers and Easy Ontology","authors":"Amie L. Thomasson","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780192893314.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780192893314.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Sympathy has been growing for the idea that existence questions can be answered by ‘easy’ arguments. But some have suggested that an important project remains for ontology: not determining what exists, but rather what makes true those claims we accept. The question addressed here is: If we accept the easy approach to ontology, can we legitimately take on the truthmaker project? There are two versions of this project: one has the goal of giving a uniquely true statement of what the fundamental entities are, while the other takes it merely as a constraint on metaphysics to give some good account of what the truthmakers are for claims we accept. I will argue that, if we truly take on board some of the basic theses of easy ontology, we should have serious reservations about both of these projects.","PeriodicalId":194543,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Studies in Metaphysics Volume 12","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122421635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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