Obesity Science & Practice最新文献

{"title":"Desire to Weigh Less and Unhealthy Weight Control Behaviors Among U.S. Adults: Evidence From NHANES 2017-2018.","authors":"Anna V Garcia, Elizabeth Dodge, Basil H Aboul-Enein","doi":"10.1002/osp4.70177","DOIUrl":"10.1002/osp4.70177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With obesity rates remaining high in the United States, many individuals attempt weight loss using self-directed approaches that may not align with clinical recommendations.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This secondary data analysis examines the association between a desire to weigh less and unhealthy weight control behaviors among American adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were assessed through variables representing a desire to weigh less and self-regulated weight control behaviors that are not clinically recommended: skipping meals, using non-RX weight loss supplements, and using laxatives or self-induced vomiting. Chi-square tests and a linear probability model were employed to evaluate their relationship.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of adult survey respondents, 62.6% indicated a desire to weigh less. It was more likely to be reported by female, non-Hispanic white, and college-educated participants. Respondents who wanted to weigh less were more likely to engage in unhealthy weight loss strategies than those who wanted to gain weight or maintain their weight. There was a statistically significant relationship between a desire to weigh less and each unhealthy weight loss behavior (all <i>p</i> < 0.001). The linear probability model demonstrated that wanting to weigh less had the strongest effect on skipping meals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings indicate a strong relationship between a desire to lose weight and engaging in potentially harmful weight control behaviors, broadening our understanding of self-regulated approaches that adults may resort to. More attention should be directed to patient weight satisfaction and monitoring of unhealthy weight control practices in patient-provider collaborations through nutrition support and healthcare settings for improved weight management care.</p>","PeriodicalId":19448,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Science & Practice","volume":"12 4","pages":"e70177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13393100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148579441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, Comorbidities, and Mortality of Obesity Classes 4 and 5 in Adults.","authors":"Katelynn Tran, Xinlian Zhang, Phillipp Hartmann","doi":"10.1002/osp4.70171","DOIUrl":"10.1002/osp4.70171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Adult obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally. Although the prevalence and comorbidities of standard obesity classes (classes 1-3, BMI 30-49.9 kg/m²) have been described, the characteristics of obesity classes 4 and 5 (BMI ≥ 50 to < 60 kg/m² and BMI ≥ 60 kg/m², respectively), representing the most extreme end of the obesity spectrum, remain poorly defined.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of obesity classes 4 and 5, or extremely severe obesity, in adults over time and to investigate the relationship between extremely severe obesity and metabolic comorbidities and mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from nationally representative samples from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2000 through 2023 involving 54,793 adults aged 18-65 years in the US were analyzed, including mortality data from 43,454 adults.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of obesity classes 4 and 5 increased by over 250% from 0.6% in 2000 to 2.2% in 2023 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Extremely severe obesity was particularly prevalent among females and non-Hispanic Blacks. Subjects with obesity classes 4 and 5 had an odds ratio of 6.7-78.7 and 2.1-10.9 of metabolic comorbidities, and a 10-year mortality hazard ratio of 2.2 (95% CI 1.6-3.0) and 1.8 (95% CI 1.3-2.4) compared with subjects without obesity and with obesity classes 1-3, respectively (all <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings highlight the rise of a so far insufficiently characterized obesity entity, extremely severe obesity, and underline the strong association of extremely severe obesity with severe metabolic complications including death. These results emphasize the need for immediate public health interventions to address obesity, particularly obesity classes 4 and 5.</p>","PeriodicalId":19448,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Science & Practice","volume":"12 4","pages":"e70171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13391446/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148579368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Goal Difficulty in a Digital Weight Loss Intervention: The Ignite Pilot Randomized Trial.","authors":"Michele L Patel, John A Gallis, Amanda B Zeitlin, Phoebe C Crosthwaite, Annalisa W Lim, Kayla A Collins, Marily A Oppezzo, Lisa G Rosas","doi":"10.1002/osp4.70175","DOIUrl":"10.1002/osp4.70175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Goal setting is a key component in behavioral weight loss interventions. Goal setting theory emphasizes having harder goals rather than easier goals. However, few studies have experimentally manipulated goal difficulty levels in digital weight loss interventions. Further, when multiple goals are assigned, it is unclear if harder goals are effective or too overwhelming.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ignite was a pilot optimization trial guided by the Multiphase Optimization Strategy. A 2⁴ factorial design was used to randomize 32 participants (U.S. adults with overweight or obesity) to either an easier or harder goal for four goal domains: calories, steps, eating windows, and Red Zone Foods (i.e., high-calorie, low-nutrition foods). All participants received a 10-week fully digital weight loss intervention with daily self-monitoring of goals, weekly lessons, action plans, and feedback. Data were collected via digital tools (daily) and surveys (baseline, 4-, 10 weeks); feasibility and acceptability were assessed descriptively, while proof of concept was assessed via linear mixed models. Findings were compared to a priori benchmarks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants had a mean (SD) age of 47.7 (13.3) years and BMI of 30.1 (3.8) kg/m² and 47% racial/ethnic minority. Feasibility and acceptability benchmarks were largely met, with high engagement, 94% retention (30/32) at 10 weeks, and 97% recommending the program. For proof of concept, the 3%, but not 5%, weight loss benchmark was met (mean (SD) -3.3 (2.5) kg, or -4.0% (3.6%) at 10 weeks). Participants with a <i>harder</i> calorie goal had greater weight loss than those with an <i>easier</i> calorie goal (difference: -2.3 kg [95% CI, -4.1, -0.6 kg]). No main effects were observed for other goals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>With high feasibility of study procedures, high engagement, and moderate-to-high acceptability, the intervention needs only minor refinements prior to proceeding to a fully powered trial testing the efficacy of easier versus harder goals for weight loss.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05715242. Registered on February 6, 2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":19448,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Science & Practice","volume":"12 4","pages":"e70175"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13380974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148520787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping Obesity Care Pathways and Healthcare Resource Use From 2015 to 2019 in England.","authors":"Alexander Dimitri Miras, Silvia Capucci, Sylwia Migas, Bozydar Wrona, Liwei Zhao, Johann Castañeda-Sanabria, Lise M Hagelund, Vasileios Antavalis, Camilla S Morgen","doi":"10.1002/osp4.70173","DOIUrl":"10.1002/osp4.70173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This observational study characterized obesity care pathways and healthcare resource use in England between 2015 and 2019.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were obtained from Discover and the Salford Integrated Record (SIR), two databases of linked primary and secondary electronic health records in England. Adults with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m² who attended obesity clinics were included over 4 years (January 1, 2015 [SIR] and January 1, 2016 [Discover] to December 31, 2018).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 1698 people living with obesity were included from Discover and 561 from SIR. Most (74.9%-78.6%) received a lifestyle intervention as their first intervention, whereas 6.2%-16.3% received a pharmacological treatment or metabolic/bariatric surgical procedure. Time to first intervention was typically > 6 months, and most individuals remained in their baseline BMI group after 8 months' follow-up. Obesity-related complications resulted in high annual per-person direct healthcare costs, particularly for acute cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction (Discover: 2285 GBP; SIR: 2194 GBP) and incident stroke (Discover: 3005 GBP; SIR: 1550 GBP).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, the time to first intervention can be considerable for people living with obesity in England and these individuals may incur high healthcare costs. There is an unmet need for timely and effective weight management in England.</p>","PeriodicalId":19448,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Science & Practice","volume":"12 4","pages":"e70173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13382353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148605718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Effects of Real-Time Remotely Supervised High-Intensity Interval Training in Adolescents With Obesity.","authors":"Fábio de Freitas, Mariana R Zago, Maria Ângela Antônio, Maria Ângela Bellomo Brandão, António Videira-Silva","doi":"10.1002/osp4.70169","DOIUrl":"10.1002/osp4.70169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High-intensity Interval Training (HIIT) has emerged as an effective strategy in the management of adolescents with obesity, including delivery through real-time remote models. What remains unclear is whether these clinical benefits are sustained once direct professional supervision is discontinued. This study aimed to analyze the effects of a 6-month, real-time, remotely supervised HIIT program, integrated into a multi-component clinical obesity treatment on post-intervention and 12-month follow-up outcomes after sessions were discontinued. Furthermore, the association between motivation dimensions and program engagement was explored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A quasi-experimental study involving 96 adolescents with obesity (BMI z-score ≥ 2) was assigned to an Experimental Group (EG; <i>n</i> = 50) and a Control Group (CG; <i>n</i> = 46). The EG completed a remote-supervised HIIT program (∼20 min, 4 × /week) alongside standard care, whereas the CG received only standard care. Engagement was categorized into three levels based on the duration of participation. EG participants were included in analyses if they attended at least 80% of the training sessions during the intervention period. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group-by-time interaction showed reductions in the EG for BMI (<i>β</i> = 2.1 kg/m², <i>p</i> < 0.001), BMI z-score (<i>β</i> = 0.2, <i>p</i> = 0.002), and WC (<i>β</i> = 3.3 cm, <i>p</i> = 0.004) post-intervention. A significant interaction was observed for water intake (<i>β</i> = 0.3 L/day, <i>p</i> = 0.042). Within EG, improvements were found in flexibility (<i>β</i> = 4.1 cm, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and muscular endurance (<i>β</i> = 3.2reps, <i>p</i> = 0.016). No significant changes occurred during the follow-up period. Appearance motivation was negatively associated with engagement (<i>r</i> _p = -0.29, <i>p</i> = 0.049).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The real-time, remotely supervised HIIT program integrated into a multi-component clinical obesity treatment was an effective approach to promote weight loss and improve physical fitness, with effects sustained for at least 12 months of follow-up. Appearance-driven goals may be associated with lower program engagement.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (ReBEC): RBR-35hyxxv.</p>","PeriodicalId":19448,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Science & Practice","volume":"12 4","pages":"e70169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13378902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148579403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Within-Day Patterns of Self-Monitoring Dietary Intake and Weight Loss in a Behavioral Weight Management Program.","authors":"Andrea Brockmann, Jaime Ruiz, Kathryn M Ross","doi":"10.1002/osp4.70174","DOIUrl":"10.1002/osp4.70174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Behavioral weight management programs (BWLPs) encourage participants to self-monitor dietary intake daily, preferably throughout the day as eating/drinking occurs. Despite empirical support for <i>daily</i> self-monitoring, little is known regarding within-day patterns of self-monitoring and their associations with weight loss.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Within-day patterns of self-monitoring and associations with weight loss were examined in 449 adults with obesity (mean ± SD age = 49.4 ± 11.4 years, BMI = 35.7 ± 4.0 kg/m², 83.5% female, 23.4% Black or African American, 9.8% Hispanic) who enrolled in a 16 week BWLP and were asked to self-monitor dietary intake daily using a smartphone app.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>K-means cluster analysis resulted in four patterns: participants who primarily engaged in <i>Minimal Logging</i> (<i>n</i> = 101), <i>Backlogging</i> (<i>n</i> = 124), <i>Logging one occasion/day</i> (<i>n</i> = 59), and <i>Logging two or more occasions/day</i> (<i>n</i> = 165). There was not a difference in weight loss between <i>Logging two or more occasions/day</i> (<i>M</i> ± SD; 9.1 ± 4.1%) and <i>Logging one occasion/day</i> (7.7 ± 4.7%), <i>p</i> = 0.219; however, both lost more weight than <i>Backlogging</i> (5.7 ± 4.1%) and <i>Minimal logging</i> (2.1 ± 3.4%), <i>p</i>s < 0.001. Moreover, 88.5% of <i>Logging two or more occasions/day</i> participants achieved clinically-meaningful weight losses, compared to 71.2% of <i>Logging one occasion/day</i>, 55.6% of <i>Backlogging</i>, and 19.8% of <i>Minimal Logging</i>, all <i>p</i>s < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results support recommendations for daily (and, ideally, throughout-the-day) self-monitoring of dietary intake. Future studies should investigate strategies to increase self-monitoring adherence, including technological supports and lower-burden tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":19448,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Science & Practice","volume":"12 4","pages":"e70174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13373301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148472045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Obesity Trends in Northern Sweden: Cross-Sectional Data From the MONICA Study (1986-2022).","authors":"Mari Modig, Albin Dahlin Almevall, Maria Brännholm Syrjälä, Anna-Karin Lindqvist, Maria Nordendahl, Stefan Söderberg, Viktor Oskarsson, Anna Bengtsson","doi":"10.1002/osp4.70170","DOIUrl":"10.1002/osp4.70170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Elevated BMI and central adiposity increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and several cancers. Obesity has risen in recent decades, with Northern Sweden exceeding the national average. Anthropometric trends in the Northern Sweden MONICA study have not been updated since 2004.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe overweight and obesity trends in Northern Sweden from 1986 to 2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eight population-based surveys were conducted between 1986 and 2022 within the Northern Sweden MONICA study. In each survey, 2000-2500 adults aged 25-74 years were invited; 12,950 participated (mean age 49.5 [SD 13.6]; 51% women), with a 68.2% response rate. Anthropometry was assessed using standardized protocols.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Obesity increased by 15.7 percentage points in men and 12.1 percentage points in women. By 2022, obesity had doubled since 1986, reaching 26.6% in men and 26.3% in women. Abdominal obesity also increased: with waist circumference ≥ 102 cm in men and ≥ 88 cm in women rising by 21.5 and 4.9 percentage points, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>General and abdominal obesity have substantially increased in Northern Sweden over the past four decades. These findings call for urgent, coordinated, and multi-level interventions, as continued increases in obesity pose serious long-term risks to population health and healthcare sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":19448,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Science & Practice","volume":"12 4","pages":"e70170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13358366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148437322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Mechanisms of Modified Lingguizhugan Decoction in Obesity and Lipid Metabolism Disorders: A Multi-Omics Approach.","authors":"Fufu Li, Xiaoyan Liu, Ji Li, Haiyan Sun, Qingyang Han, Dong Liu, Ran Liu, Jieyu Chen, Zijun Ouyang, Mengting Liu","doi":"10.1002/osp4.70168","DOIUrl":"10.1002/osp4.70168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity and related metabolic disorders, including metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes, are pressing global health concerns. Traditional Chinese medicine, specifically modified Lingguizhugan decoction (MLGZGD), has shown promise for managing these conditions. MLGZGD contains bioactive compounds that may modulate lipid metabolism and gut microbiota, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits for obesity and associated metabolic disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of MLGZGD on obesity and lipid metabolism. Specifically, we sought to examine how MLGZGD influences gut microbiota, modulates lipid metabolism, and contributes to improved metabolic health using a multi-omics approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study identified the active compounds in MLGZGD using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. The mice were divided into four groups (<i>n</i> = 8 per group) and received different treatments: model, positive control (atorvastatin 2.6 mg kg^-1), low-dose MLGZGD (7 g kg^-1), or high-dose MLGZGD (14 g kg^-1). The effects of MLGZGD on the gut microbiota and lipid metabolism were evaluated using 16S rRNA sequencing and lipidomic analysis, and correlations between the two were explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In normal mice, MLGZGD significantly altered the gut microbiota composition, increasing the abundance of beneficial genera such as <i>Akkermansia</i> and <i>Dubosiella</i>, while reducing the abundance of <i>Enterorhabdus</i>. In high-fat diet-induced obese mice, MLGZGD restored the disrupted gut microbiota, notably reducing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, improving <i>Akkermansia</i> levels, and increasing <i>Clostridiales</i> abundance. Lipidomic analysis showed that MLGZGD significantly improved triglyceride and phosphatidylcholine metabolism, with a notable correlation between <i>Akkermansia</i> and <i>Clostridiales</i> abundance and the lipid profile.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MLGZGD effectively ameliorates obesity and lipid metabolism-related disorders by reshaping the gut microbiota and modulating lipid metabolism. These findings support the therapeutic potential of MLGZGD in treating obesity and related metabolic disorders, with modulation of gut microbiota and lipid metabolism as key mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":19448,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Science & Practice","volume":"12 4","pages":"e70168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13358375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148437327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Longitudinal Cohort Study of the Costs of Adolescent Obesity Into Young Adulthood.","authors":"Antonije Lazic, Sarah L R Crawford, Nichole Stanley, Michael R Thomsen, Clare C Brown, Ronald F Kahn, Joseph W Thompson","doi":"10.1002/osp4.70167","DOIUrl":"10.1002/osp4.70167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Adolescent obesity is a strong predictor of adult obesity and increases the risk of costly comorbidities. Estimating the long-term individual medical expenditures associated with adolescent weight status is critical for evaluating the cost-effectiveness of prevention and treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Measure the association between adolescent weight status and health care expenditures in early adulthood.adulthood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This longitudinal cohort study linked students' 10th grade body weight to health care expenditures (total medical, outpatient, inpatient, emergency department, and pharmacy) during the 30th year of life. A two-part model was used to assess differences in costs within the extensive (having \"any\" spending) or intensive (amount of spending among those with spending) margins. Marginal effects were used to estimate the difference in health care expenditures at age 30 between individuals with higher weight status in the 10th grade (overweight, obesity, or severe obesity) compared with those with a healthy weight.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals with obesity in the 10th grade had greater total annual expenditures at age 30 ($542, 95% CI $139-$945) compared to individuals with a healthy weight. Individuals with severe obesity had higher expenditures across all outcomes. Total medical expenditures were $874 more than individuals with a healthy weight, while inpatient expenditures were $159 more, outpatient expenditures were $387 more, and pharmacy expenditures were $222 more. Differences in inpatient expenditures were primarily at the intensive margin, while emergency department expenditures differed mainly at the extensive margin. Outpatient expenditures varied at both margins.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher weight status in adolescence is associated with higher health expenditures in young adulthood, with the highest spending among 10th graders with severe obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19448,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Science & Practice","volume":"12 4","pages":"e70167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13347830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148422373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Lifestyle Interventions Provided as an Adjunct to Obesity Management Medications.","authors":"Ariana M Chao, Ransford Asante, Maame Efua Sersah, Umar Anwar Jahangir, Alexandra Peary, Daniel Kudaya","doi":"10.1002/osp4.70162","DOIUrl":"10.1002/osp4.70162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review synthesized the components of lifestyle interventions that have been provided in Phase 3 trials of obesity management medications (OMMs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE were searched for Phase 3 clinical trials published from inception to February 2026 that tested FDA-approved OMMs. We descriptively synthesized lifestyle intervention components including dietary, physical activity, and delivery of counseling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 50 reports from 42 studies. Most of the studies included a calorie restriction goal of 500 kcals/day. The most common physical activity goal recommended was ≥ 150 min/week. Diaries for eating and tracking physical activity have been recommended in many studies. There were 22 studies that provided counseling at least monthly or more frequently and an additional 16 trials that provided counseling at least every 3 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lifestyle interventions have been core components in Phase 3 trials of FDA-approved OMMs. Further research is needed to test the optimal lifestyle interventions that should be provided along OMMs to maximize health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19448,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Science & Practice","volume":"12 4","pages":"e70162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13347834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148422332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}