Oil & Gas Science and Technology-revue De L Institut Francais Du Petrole最新文献_第10页

Fuel penalty comparison for (electrically) heated catalyst technology = Comparaison de l’augmentation de consommation de carburant pour la technologie de catalyseurs chauffés à l’électricité (电)加热催化剂技术的燃料惩罚比较=电加热催化剂技术增加燃料消耗的比较

Oil & Gas Science and Technology-revue De L Institut Francais Du Petrole Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.2516/OGST/2009078

Joseph Kessels, D. L. Foster, W.A.J. Bleuanus

{"title":"Fuel penalty comparison for (electrically) heated catalyst technology = Comparaison de l’augmentation de consommation de carburant pour la technologie de catalyseurs chauffés à l’électricité","authors":"Joseph Kessels, D. L. Foster, W.A.J. Bleuanus","doi":"10.2516/OGST/2009078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2516/OGST/2009078","url":null,"abstract":"The conversion efficiency of three way catalytic converters is mainly defined by the temperature range wherein they are operating. Traditionally, ignition retard has been used to reduce the light-off time of the catalyst. This is however associated with a fuel penalty. With increasing vehicle electrification, electrically heating facilities present an alternative, especially for hybrid vehicles. Nevertheless, system complexity of hybrid vehicles prevents engineers to evaluate possible heating technologies and their corresponding fuel penalty with respect to traditional solutions. This paper evaluates the application of an electrically heated catalyst on a hybrid vehicle equipped with a Natural Gas (NG) engine. The effect of heating power on light-off time and fuel penalty is determined, using analysis techniques emerging from integrated powertrain control. By means of a case study, the importance of an integral approach is explained by comparing the fuel penalty and conversion efficiency improvement of electric heating with that of ignition retard. In this process, a mix of simulation and test data were combined, forming the foundations for future control developments of a suitable light-off strategy. © 2010 Institut francais du petrole.","PeriodicalId":19444,"journal":{"name":"Oil & Gas Science and Technology-revue De L Institut Francais Du Petrole","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80417299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

On the Use of Genetic Algorithm to Optimize the On-board Energy Management of a Hybrid Solar Vehicle 利用遗传算法优化混合动力太阳能汽车的车载能量管理

Oil & Gas Science and Technology-revue De L Institut Francais Du Petrole Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.2516/OGST/2009035

I. Arsie, R. D. Martino, G. Rizzo, M. Sorrentino

{"title":"On the Use of Genetic Algorithm to Optimize the On-board Energy Management of a Hybrid Solar Vehicle","authors":"I. Arsie, R. D. Martino, G. Rizzo, M. Sorrentino","doi":"10.2516/OGST/2009035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2516/OGST/2009035","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the development of a prototype of Hybrid Solar Vehicle (HSV) with series structure. This activity has been also conducted in the framework of the European Union funded Leonardo project “Energy Conversion Systems and Their Environmental Impact”, a project with research and educational objectives. A study on supervisory control for hybrid solar vehicles and some preliminary tests performed on the road are presented. Previous results obtained by a model for HSV optimal design have confirmed the relevant benefits of such vehicles with respect to conventional cars in case of intermittent use in urban driving (city-car), and that economical feasibility could be achieved in a near future. Due to the series-powertrain adopted for the HSV prototype, an intermittent use of the ICE (Internal Combustion Engine) powering the electric generator is possible, thus avoiding part-load low-efficient engine operations. The best ICE power trajectory is determined via genetic algorithm optimization accounting for fuel mileage as well as battery state of charge, also considering solar contribution during parking mode. The experimental set up used for data logging, real-time monitoring and control of the prototype is also presented, and the results obtained with different road tests discussed.","PeriodicalId":19444,"journal":{"name":"Oil & Gas Science and Technology-revue De L Institut Francais Du Petrole","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73917534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 29

State Constrained Optimal Control Applied to Supervisory Control in HEVs 状态约束最优控制在混合动力汽车监控中的应用

Oil & Gas Science and Technology-revue De L Institut Francais Du Petrole Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.2516/OGST/2009040

L. Pérez, G. García

{"title":"State Constrained Optimal Control Applied to Supervisory Control in HEVs","authors":"L. Pérez, G. García","doi":"10.2516/OGST/2009040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2516/OGST/2009040","url":null,"abstract":"The optimization of the supervisory control of hybrid electric vehicles over predetermined driving cycles has been used as a previous study for determining on-line strategies and also for design and sizing purposes. This problem may be posed as an optimal control problem, in which the energy in the bank of batteries is often the state variable, and the power from any of the system sources is, the control action. As both of these quantities are bounded, the optimal control problem has control constraints or state constraints or both. Usually, the charge-sustaining mode of operation is ensured just by imposing a transversality condition, i.e. a fixed final energy, or including an additional term in the cost functional that penalizes the moving away of the state variable from the nominal value. We considered the problem where the state is allowed to move freely within a band. This led to an optimal control problem with control and state constraints. In this work we describe the difficulties that arise while solving the equations given by the Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle and how these difficulties can be overcome by using the so-called Direct Transcription approach that consists of a programming tool to solve the resultant large-scale finite dimensional optimization problem.","PeriodicalId":19444,"journal":{"name":"Oil & Gas Science and Technology-revue De L Institut Francais Du Petrole","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72609038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

A Rational Comparison of the Optimal Promoter Edge Decoration of HDT NiMoS vs CoMoS Catalysts HDT NiMoS与CoMoS催化剂最佳启动子边缘装饰的理性比较

Oil & Gas Science and Technology-revue De L Institut Francais Du Petrole Pub Date : 2009-11-01 DOI: 10.2516/OGST/2009037

K. Marchand, C. Legens, D. Guillaume, P. Raybaud

引用次数: 37

About the Acidity-Catalytic Activity Relationship in Ionic Liquids: Application to the Selective Isobutene Dimerization 离子液体中酸性-催化活性关系的研究:在选择性异丁烯二聚反应中的应用

Oil & Gas Science and Technology-revue De L Institut Francais Du Petrole Pub Date : 2009-11-01 DOI: 10.2516/OGST/2009041

L. Magna, J. Bildé, H. Olivier‐Bourbigou, Thierry Robert, B. Gilbert

{"title":"About the Acidity-Catalytic Activity Relationship in Ionic Liquids: Application to the Selective Isobutene Dimerization","authors":"L. Magna, J. Bildé, H. Olivier‐Bourbigou, Thierry Robert, B. Gilbert","doi":"10.2516/OGST/2009041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2516/OGST/2009041","url":null,"abstract":"The Bronsted acidity level was evaluated for ionic liquids to which a strong acid has been added. As a first approach, the evaluation method was based on the determination of the Hammett acidity functions H0 , using UV-Visible spectroscopy. The acidity of protons is mainly determined by their solvation state and consequently, the properties of protons depend on both the nature of the solvent and the nature and concentration of the acid. An apparent acidity scale was defined following this principle. It was found that, for the investigated ionic liquids, the cation does not play a dominant role on the acidity level ([BMIm] ~ [BHIm] ~ [ HNEt3 ] ), whereas changing the nature of the anion of the ionic liquid may lead to very different acidities ([ SbF6 ] > [ PF6 ] > [ BF4 ] > [ NTf2 ] > [OTf]). This “acidity scale” was tentatively compared with an “activity scale” obtained for the dimerization of isobutene into isooctenes. The tendencies concerning the cation effect were confirmed ([BMIm] ~ [BuMePyrr] ~ [ HNEt3 ] ). The anion effect in only partially validated with a different behaviour for NTf2 type ionic liquids ([ NTf2 ] ~ [ SbF6 ] > [ PF6 ] ~ [ BF4 ] > [OTf]). By an adequate choice of the ionic liquid, selectivity for isobutene dimers can reach 88 wt% (at 70% isobutene conversion) with possible recycling of the catalytic system without loss of activity and selectivity.","PeriodicalId":19444,"journal":{"name":"Oil & Gas Science and Technology-revue De L Institut Francais Du Petrole","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74735844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Cement-Polymer Composites for Oilwell Cementing 用于油井固井的水泥-聚合物复合材料

Oil & Gas Science and Technology-revue De L Institut Francais Du Petrole Pub Date : 2009-09-01 DOI: 10.2516/OGST/2009050

A. Chougnet, A. Audibert-Hayet, M. Moan, É. Lécolier, B. Guichard

{"title":"Cement-Polymer Composites for Oilwell Cementing","authors":"A. Chougnet, A. Audibert-Hayet, M. Moan, É. Lécolier, B. Guichard","doi":"10.2516/OGST/2009050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2516/OGST/2009050","url":null,"abstract":"The selection of an optimal cementitious material is critical to maintain zonal isolation for the lifetime of oil & gas or gas storage wells not only for primary cementing but also after well abandonment. Polymer powder/cement composites present good mechanical and durability properties since polymer latex promotes improved adhesion and flexibility to the hardened cement paste. So, for well constructions in aggressive environment, polymer powder/cement composites would be good candidates. During the well construction, the cement slurry placement strongly depends on its rheological behaviour. In this paper, we studied rheological properties of polymer powder/cement composite suspensions: they present a transition from a gel to a liquid behaviour in oscillatory shear. The replacement of cement particles by polymer particles induces a decrease of the storage modulus in the gel state. The good quality of the polymer particle dispersion and their high affinity for cement particles were observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Solid state NMR (29 Si and 27 Al) and calorimetry allowed to highlight the influence of the polymer addition on both the hydration and hardening of the cement matrix. All these results helped us to understand the relations between the slurry composition, its rheological behaviour and the properties of the hardened materials which allowed us to design new cementing materials.","PeriodicalId":19444,"journal":{"name":"Oil & Gas Science and Technology-revue De L Institut Francais Du Petrole","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82504683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Enhancement of Aqueous Emulsion and Foam Stability with Oppositely Charged Surfactant/Polyelectrolyte Mixed Systems 极性表面活性剂/聚电解质混合体系增强乳状液和泡沫稳定性

Oil & Gas Science and Technology-revue De L Institut Francais Du Petrole Pub Date : 2009-09-01 DOI: 10.2516/OGST/2009043

J. Argillier, S. Zeilinger, P. Roche

引用次数: 10

Simulating Non-Stationary Seismic Facies Distribution in a Prograding Shelf Environment 在推进陆架环境中模拟非平稳地震相分布

Oil & Gas Science and Technology-revue De L Institut Francais Du Petrole Pub Date : 2009-07-01 DOI: 10.2516/OGST/2009017

Hayet Chihi, G. Marsily

{"title":"Simulating Non-Stationary Seismic Facies Distribution in a Prograding Shelf Environment","authors":"Hayet Chihi, G. Marsily","doi":"10.2516/OGST/2009017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2516/OGST/2009017","url":null,"abstract":"A dense array of high-resolution seismic profiles of the underwater Rhone River deltain the Mediterranean Sea is used as the only input for developing a stochastic model of an analogue of anoil reservoir in a prograding shelf environment. The topographic elevations of the unit boundaries arefirst estimated from the seismic profile sections. The geometry of the envelopes of the seven identifiedstratigraphic units is then estimated by non-stationary geostatistics, after the inference of theirgeneralized covariance by the method of increments. A complete “3D architectural model” is thenproduced by filling the envelopes of the previously estimated sedimentary units with internal faciesdistributions. These facies are first defined by their seismic signature, based on their reflectionconfiguration, continuity and amplitude. The HERESIM geostatistical software is used in a nonstationarymode to analyse and simulate the vertical and the horizontal facies variability. The verticalvariability is quantified for each unit by a vertical proportion curve. The horizontal variability isanalysed by the horizontal facies variograms which measure the autocorrelation of a given facies as afunction of the distance. The remaining model parameters are adjusted to give an optimum match of themodel to the observed seismic data. The model results are used to interpret the deposition, erosion andtectonic mechanisms that have shaped this shelf environment.","PeriodicalId":19444,"journal":{"name":"Oil & Gas Science and Technology-revue De L Institut Francais Du Petrole","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76815517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

3D CFD Analysis of an Abnormally Rapid Combustion Phenomenon in Downsized Gasoline Engines 小型汽油机异常快速燃烧现象的三维CFD分析

Oil & Gas Science and Technology-revue De L Institut Francais Du Petrole Pub Date : 2009-05-01 DOI: 10.2516/OGST/2009005

B. Reveille, A. Duparchy

引用次数: 10

IFP-C3D: an Unstructured Parallel Solver for Reactive Compressible Gas Flow with Spray IFP-C3D:反应性可压缩气体流动与喷雾的非结构化并行求解器

Oil & Gas Science and Technology-revue De L Institut Francais Du Petrole Pub Date : 2009-05-01 DOI: 10.2516/OGST/2009016

J. Bohbot, N. Gillet, A. Benkenida

{"title":"IFP-C3D: an Unstructured Parallel Solver for Reactive Compressible Gas Flow with Spray","authors":"J. Bohbot, N. Gillet, A. Benkenida","doi":"10.2516/OGST/2009016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2516/OGST/2009016","url":null,"abstract":"IFP-C3D, a hexahedral unstructured parallel solver dedicated to multiphysics calculation, is being developed at IFP to compute the compressible combustion in internal engines. IFP-C3D uses an unstructured formalism, the finite volume method on staggered grids, time splitting, SIMPLE loop, sub-cycled advection, turbulent and Lagrangian spray and a liquid film model. Original algorithms and models such as the conditional temporal interpolation methodology for moving grids, the remapping algorithm for transferring quantities on different meshes during the computation enable IFP-C3D to deal with complex moving geometries with large volume deformation induced by all moving geometrical parts (intake/exhaust valve, piston). The Van Leer and Superbee slop limiters are used for advective fluxes and the wall law for the heat transfer model. Physical models developed at IFP for combustion (ECFM gasoline combustion model and ECFM3Z for Diesel combustion model), for ignition (TKI for auto-ignition and AKTIM for spark plug ignition) and for spray modelling enable the simulation of a large variety of innovative engine configurations from non-conventional Diesel engines using for instance HCCI combustion mode, to direct injection hydrogen internal combustion engines. Large super-scalar machines up to 1 000 processors are being widely used and IFP-C3D has been optimized for running on these Cluster machines. IFP-C3D is parallelized using the Message Passing Interface (MPI) library to distribute calculation over a large number of processors. Moreover, IFP-C3D uses an optimized linear algebraic library to solve linear matrix systems and the METIS partitionner library to distribute the computational load equally for all meshes used during the calculation and in particular during the remap stage when new meshes are loaded. Numerical results and timing are presented to demonstrate the computational efficiency of the code.","PeriodicalId":19444,"journal":{"name":"Oil & Gas Science and Technology-revue De L Institut Francais Du Petrole","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89747352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 62