Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development最新文献

{"title":"Determinants of Urban Poverty in Oromia: A Case Study in Some Selected District, Ethiopia","authors":"Tamiru Gabusho","doi":"10.7176/jpid/56-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jpid/56-03","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted in south west Shewa zone districts, Oromia National Region, Ethiopia. Stratified sampling techniques were applied in order to obtain a representative sample were selected to collect data by using these strata since in study there were constituted 3 urban areas were selected from a total of 4 towns in Waliso districts. Based on this condition sampling will be conducted separately in each subgroup or stratum. Descriptive statistics and binary logit were employed to determine factors that influence the economic status of households. A sum of twelve explanatory variables for the binary logit model was used, out of which eight variables were found to significantly affect the economic returns of households at 5%. These are: household family size, education of household head, the gender of household head, marital status, age of household head, , income of household head, house ownership, previous residence, and four of the following were at 10% like household health status, household head occupation, dependency ratio and saving of household and the other variables like household health status, household head occupation, and dependency ratio were not significant at a maximum of 10% significance level . The study recommends that the strong negative relationship between income and the probability of being poor point out that there must be a need to consider households income character by government and non-government organization in designing policies targeted to curb urban poverty intervening to household health status, household head occupation, dependency ratio and saving of household. Keywords: Rural poverty, Binary Logit Model, Waliso district. DOI: 10.7176/JPID/56-03 Publication date: November 30 th 2020","PeriodicalId":194383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125995080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women’s Economic Empowerment: An Integrative Review of Its Antecedents and Consequences","authors":"Kumari Dat","doi":"10.7176/jpid/56-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jpid/56-05","url":null,"abstract":"The World Bank defines women’s empowerment as a criterion for sustainable development and for the fulfilment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG). Economic empowerment has been identified as a main fragment of women’s empowerment in literature. Women’s economic empowerment would lead to an expansion of women’s labour force in order to participate as an important factor for inclusive growth of the country. Economic empowerment directly influences the improvement of women’s decision-making power and their financial well-being. The main purpose of this paper is to provide an integrative review of antecedents and consequences of Women’s Economic Empowerment. A comprehensive review of women’s economic empowerment is presenting as an important topic for the policy makers and future researches. An integrative framework and a detailed summary table are provided based on the previous literature. Based on the findings, five main determinants of women’s economic empowerment were identified namely, Decision making power , Controlling over the use of income and expenditure, Leadership in the community, Control over the time allocation and Financial wellbeing. Among the total consequences an inclusive growth revealed as main consequence. The compendium of antecedents and consequences of women’s economic empowerment can be used by policy makers for their policy decisions as to identify the most significant antecedent to improve economic empowerment and to formulate new economic strategies to achieve an inclusive growth as a main consequence of women’s economic empowerment. As new vistas emerge for furthering economic empowerment leading to inclusive growth, this paper provides a timely review and an integrative framework of existing research on women’s economic empowerment and, its antecedents and consequences. This paper contributes to the economics discipline both by integrating a wide body of research on an important economics topic and by offering broad avenues for further research. Keywords: Women’s Economic Empowerment, Decision making power , Controlling over the use of income and expenditure, Leadership in the community, Control over the time allocation and Financial wellbeing. DOI: 10.7176/JPID/56-05 Publication date: November 30 th 2020","PeriodicalId":194383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128483262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies on Rural Farm Households’ Income in case Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Garedew Aweke Gizaw","doi":"10.7176/jpid/57-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jpid/57-03","url":null,"abstract":"This study is an effort to determine the effect of climate change adaptation strategies on rural farm households’ income in case of Southern Ethiopia. The study used primary data which is collected by questionnaires distributed for 374 farm households in 2018. In analyzing the data, the researcher employed both binary logit and Ordinary Least Square econometric regression. Binary logit model is employed to assess the factors affecting climate change adaptation strategies in Southern Ethiopia and the Ordinary Least Square method is employed to know the effect of climate change adaptation strategies on rural farm households’ income. The study confirms that climate change adaptation strategy is found to be significant in boosting famers’ income level in the study area. The implication is that local policy makers and the Zone’s agricultural bureau have to work more on creation of awareness for farmers about the importance of climate change adaptation strategies. Keywords: Climate change, adaptation strategies, income level. DOI: 10.7176/JPID/57-03 Publication date: December 31 st 2020","PeriodicalId":194383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114720023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Gender, Poverty Status and Moisture Stress Affect Wheat Yield? Demonstration Results from Sire, Dodota, Ziway Dugda, and Negele Arsi Districts of Ethiopia","authors":"Abdi Etafa, Degefu Kebede","doi":"10.7176/jpid/56-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jpid/56-04","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat is an important stable crop in Ethiopia, it is produced in both highland and low land or under high moisture and moisture stress areas of Ethiopia. however, farmers lack of knowledge about appropriate and recommended practice is among bottle neck identified in food insecure and moisture stress areas. This demonstration project is initiated in response to finding appropriate, profitable wheat technology and evaluate improved production practice along farmers practice in moisture stress areas of East Shoa, Arsi and West Arsi zones. It used two improved variety along with local variety. Research recommendation on an area of o.25 for each variety is used. A total of 48 farmers of which 30% Women and 20% NPSNP and 80% famers are used for the experiment. Accordingly, average yield of kingbird is 33.8 quintal while that of Ogolcho is 32.8 quintals. The study result indicates that both men and women either, the poor or non-poor will harvest and achieve better yield if equally technically supported and accessed to technology. Due consideration to appropriate extension advisory service would enhance yield performance of both men and women and poor and non-poor households. It would be great if future, intervention enhanced availability of appropriate technology that addresses women and men interest. Frontline extension and advisory service providers should be considerate of pertinent issues so that both men and women, PSNP and NPSNP would benefit. Further, strengthening stakeholder partnership with research and development partners network and establishing feedback mechanism has of paramount importance. The use of meteorological information would also be important. Keywords: NPSNP [1] , PSNP [2] , demonstration, Gender, poor and non-poor, food insecurity DOI: 10.7176/JPID/56-04 Publication date: November 30 th 2020 [1] Non beneficiaries of productive safety net [2] Productive safety net beneficiaries","PeriodicalId":194383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114938224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Rights Impacts of Development Induced Displacement in Addis Ababa: The Case Study of Kirkos Sub City Woreda","authors":"Negera Gudeta Adula","doi":"10.7176/jpid/57-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jpid/57-01","url":null,"abstract":"Development induced displacement is an ever rising global phenomena which displaced people from their homes, home lands and place of usual residence. This study examines human rights impacts of development-induced displacement in Addis Ababa, kirkos sub city woreda 11. The study employed qualitative research approach. Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources. Primary sources of data were collected through key informant in-depth interview and observation. Purposive and snowballing sampling techniques were employed to select informants from target population. The secondary source of data was collected from books, journal articles, government reports, newspaper and published and unpublished materials to substantiate the data collected from primary sources. The finding of the study revealed that development-induced displacement amounted to the violation of human rights of displaced persons because the displaced people weren’t compensated and remedied adequately, and consulted and participated in the development project. Moreover, the study also uncovered that people have evicted arbitrarily from their homes without due process of law and the majority of displaced people have not yet access to social services for their human wellbeing after resettlement. The finding of the study suggested that, the displaced people by development project should be informed before displacement, participate and contributed to the development project which displaced them. The displaced people should be compensated and remedied adequately and take rehabilitation assistances after their resettlement.","PeriodicalId":194383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development","volume":"164 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114735937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Religious Social Ethtics of the Major World Religions","authors":"L. Chilufya, Prosper Ng’andu, B. Mumbi","doi":"10.7176/jpid/57-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jpid/57-04","url":null,"abstract":"Development, in human history, has been driven by various factors. Some of these have sheer human ingenuity and pressure to survive through the demands of different kinds of environment and circumstance. In any case, there have been certain values that have constantly informed human activity and strides. Such values have included social ethics of the major world religions.In this article, we have focused on how the values of social ethics of the world’s major religions inform development in so far as they exert control on human conduct, and which, in turn, either propel or hinder the agenda of development. On this basis, we have ultimately argued that development of countries and societies are interlocked with social ethics of these religious values. As such, these values should always be given a voice in deliberations regarding policymaking and politics surrounding the subject of development of countries and societies.","PeriodicalId":194383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116946713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinant of Rural Household Participation in Non-Farm and Level of Generated Household Income from the Activities: The Case of Haramaya Woreda, East Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia","authors":"Fami Abdurezak","doi":"10.7176/jesd/11-19-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jesd/11-19-02","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzed the determinant of rural household participation in non-farm and level of generated household income from the activities in Haramaya district, Ethiopia using cross-section data. Both primary and secondary data were collected for this study. Primary data were collected from 196 sample respondents using stratified random sampling. In this study both descriptive and econometric analysis was carried out. Descriptive statistics were applied to characterize the sample households in terms of economic, demographic and institutional factors. Heckman two stages selection model was used for estimation of determinant participation of rural households in non-farm activities and determinant level of income from non-farm activities. The result of factors affecting participation of rural households in non-farm activities indicated landholding size, use of irrigation, livestock holding and distance to nearest market negatively and significantly influenced participation while education, household size and non-farm training significant and positively affects participation of rural household in non-farm activities. In the result of determinant level of non-farm income shows that landholding size, use of irrigation, livestock holding and distance to the nearest market were significant and negatively affects level of non-farm income while household size and education status were significant and positively influenced level of non-farm income. In generally the study identified the determinant of rural household participation in non-farm activities and determinant level of income from non-farm activities. Therefore, Policy makers should integrate the promotion of non-farm activities in the framework of rural development policies and strategies. Keywords: participation, non-farm activities, household income, heckman two steps selection model DOI: 10.7176/JESD/11-19-02 Publication date: June 30th 2020","PeriodicalId":194383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116482317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IDENTIFICATION AND PREVENTION OF EXPECTED CYBERSECURITY THREATS DURING 2022 FIFA WORLD CUP IN QATAR","authors":"N. A. Khalifa","doi":"10.47604/jpid.1135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/jpid.1135","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This research aimed to identify cybersecurity threats expected at the upcoming FIFA World Cup in Qatar in 2022 and assess how they can be prevented. \u0000Methodology: This was done by adopting a quantitative research design and survey strategy with 167 respondents from Qatar. The respondents were purposively sampled from the event industry, and a Likert scale was used to quantify the responses for further statistical analysis. The quantitative data collected was analysed using the SPSS version 25 for data analysis. A hypothesis was tested as to whether the perceived expected cybersecurity threats are significantly associated with the perceived quality of measures to tackle these threats. The testing was done using multiple methods, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and cross-sectional linear regression analysis.  Further analysis was done using One-way ANOVA and correlation analysis, as well as, independent samples t-test. Descriptive statistics, such as percentages and frequencies were used, with tables and charts used in presenting the findings. \u0000Findings: The results revealed high loadings of potential cyberattacks on sponsors, fans, online ticket sales, government and the FIFA website based on the PCA. The regression analysis revealed a statistically significant association between the perception of the cybersecurity risks and perceived quality of measures undertaken to address the cyber threats. The research was limited, however, by not covering technical issues of cybersecurity, including the development of improvements to current security systems, which presents an area for future research with the implementation of machine learning technologies, big data and AI training. \u0000Contribution: The study provided recommendations for policymakers to invest in technologies for the protection of sensitive data, including online databases and hiring competent specialists in the field of cybersecurity. To address the risks for fans, policymakers are recommended to start a campaign aimed at increasing the awareness of cyberattacks on personal and financial information at large events.","PeriodicalId":194383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development","volume":"7 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121001032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on Agricultural Extension Impacts on Food Crop Diversity and the Livelihood of Farmers in Ethiopia","authors":"A. Keba","doi":"10.7176/jpid/55-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jpid/55-03","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural extension could be one tool in attaining the sustainable development goal related to the reduction of extreme poverty and hunger in developing countries like Ethiopia. This review aimed on agricultural extension impacts on food crop diversity and the livelihood of farmers in Ethiopia. According to this review results, agricultural extension impacts on food crop diversity are significantly affected positively and negatively with or without establishing annual joint planning, monitoring, learning, and evaluation, experience sharing through workshops, trainings and joint field visits in a cost-effective manner respectively. In addition, putting in place effective regulatory system and strategic framework for NGO’s extension services through developing extension governance structure are importantly affect agricultural extension towards of food crop diversity and also the possible explanation is that access to extension services is associated with the spread and adoption of new technologies through the provision of technical advice, credit availability, input supplies and even to the provision of market information and building the capacity of farmers, which might be directly re Cooperatives can provide specialized extension services by employing extension agents and/or contracting extension service providers to maximize their expected outputs to their members both in terms of improving the quantity and quality of their produce/ products. According to this review results, agricultural extension impacts the livelihood of farmers are affected by series of agricultural policies and strategies to nurture service provision and promote rural development, practical skills development and learning knowledge and trainings about crop production, natural resources management and animal production at different rates. Therefore, it is important for the government to focus on the awareness of the small holder farmers the way of enhancing the crop diversification and changing their own livelihood by using agricultural extension policies and strategy that is released or prepared by government or non-government organization.","PeriodicalId":194383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117194566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Open Government and Nigeria’s National Development: A Critical Evaluation","authors":"C. Okeke","doi":"10.7176/jpid/55-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jpid/55-02","url":null,"abstract":"Every society seeks constant improvement of quality of life of its population and enhancement of its environment. For Nigeria, achieving national development has been a goal of successive governments, both military and civilian administrations. But that aspiration is yet to be achieved. Extreme poverty, unemployment and inequality have remained high. In fact, Nigeria currently has the largest extreme poverty population in the world. The worry is even whether Nigeria will ever overcome its current state of underdevelopment without government’s transparency. Interrogating the role of open government in achievement of national development was the task of this paper. Thus, it adopted development communication theory as theoretical framework. Data was collated from secondary sources while qualitative descriptive approach was adopted for analysis. The paper found that failure to make government dealings open in Nigeria has deepened corruption. This has, in turn, hindered national development. It also found that the goal of attaining national development will continue to experience challenge if those in power continue to shroud government activities in secrecy. The paper therefore recommended a paradigm shift towards greater openness in government as a way to achieve national development. It equally recommended citizens’ participation in governance as prerequisite for national development. Keywords: national development, open government, corruption, poverty, underdevelopment DOI: 10.7176/JPID/55-02 Publication date: August 31 st 2020","PeriodicalId":194383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127099520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}