Ocular Oncology and Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Optical Coherence Tomography Features and Multimodal Imaging Findings in Choroidal Osteoma: A Case Series.","authors":"Selda Celik Dulger, Furkan Emre Söğüt, Mehmet Yasin Teke, Mehmet Citirik","doi":"10.1159/000553209","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000553209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of this study was to characterize optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in choroidal osteoma and evaluate their associations with subretinal fluid, choroidal neovascularization, and structural retinal changes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective descriptive case series included 7 patients (10 eyes) with choroidal osteoma evaluated at a tertiary referral center. All eyes underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examination and spectral-domain OCT imaging. OCT scans were analyzed for predefined structural features, including hyperreflective lamellar patterns, spongiform appearance, outer retinal alterations, and subretinal fluid. Subretinal fluid was classified as neovascular or non-neovascular based on OCT characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OCT revealed marked structural heterogeneity. Three eyes demonstrated isolated subretinal fluid without neovascular features, resolving spontaneously in two cases. Three eyes showed chronic subretinal fluid or intraretinal cystic changes with neovascular OCT features and responded favorably to repeated intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. One eye with long-term follow-up exhibited progressive tumor decalcification with severe retinal and choroidal thinning and poor visual outcome. Focal choroidal excavation was identified in one eye in association with choroidal neovascularization.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Choroidal osteoma exhibits heterogeneous OCT patterns reflecting different mechanisms of visual impairment. Careful OCT-based assessment may aid differentiation of neovascular and non-neovascular changes and guide clinical management.</p>","PeriodicalId":19434,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Oncology and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13427355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148654188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National Coordinated Care and Translational Research Program for Uveal Melanoma Pilot: Infrastructure, Biobanking, and Challenges in Liquid Biopsy Implementation in a Latin American Country.","authors":"Santiago A Sepúlveda, César Luna, Eduardo Labbé, María E Mánquez, Eugenio Vinés, Rodolfo Garretón, Juan Carlos Roa, Alex Di Genova, Carol Moraga, Leslie C Cerpa, Leidy Muñoz, Francisca Saavedra, Miguel N Burnier, Julia V Burnier, Pablo Zoroquiain","doi":"10.1159/000553241","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000553241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare malignancy in Latin America (LA), where coordinated clinical and translational research initiatives remain limited. We evaluated the implementation of a national referral and biobanking program for UM in Chile and assessed the feasibility of liquid biopsy workflows in a middle-income healthcare setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We established a coordinated national clinical and translational research program for UM in Chile, integrating centralized referral, standardized workflows, biobanking, and longitudinal sampling. Patients were prospectively recruited through a national referral network between 2021 and 2025. Both solid tissue and liquid biopsy biospecimens were processed under standardized protocols and assessed for downstream molecular analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 45 patients with UM were recruited nationwide. A total of 76 biospecimen sets were processed with complete pre-analytical traceability. Profiling of plasma-derived cell-free DNA showed characteristic fragment patterns. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE)-derived tumor DNA and paired non-tumor (matched) DNA met quality thresholds for next-generation sequencing (NGS). However, in this pilot setting, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) quantities were insufficient to consistently recover the full spectrum of tumor-associated genomic alterations identified in matched FFPE samples through NGS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates the feasibility of implementing a coordinated national clinical and translational research framework for UM within a middle-income healthcare setting with heterogeneous access to specialized molecular infrastructure. While standardized biospecimen collection and liquid biopsy workflows can be successfully established, limitations related to ctDNA abundance and persistent disparities in geographic and financial access to specialized care remain. This national model provides a scalable foundation for future multicenter studies, prospective biomarker validation, and biomarker-driven and molecularly informed studies in LA UM populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19434,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Oncology and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13461201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structured Clinicopathologic Data as a Prerequisite for Generalizable AI in Ocular Oncology.","authors":"Henry Bair, Mak Djulbegovic","doi":"10.1159/000552138","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552138","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19434,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Oncology and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13282120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148295846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment Delay and Risk of Orbital Exenteration in Periocular Sebaceous Carcinoma.","authors":"Grant M Welk, Caroline Y Yu, Rachel Israilevich, Lauren A Dalvin, Andrea A Tooley","doi":"10.1159/000553091","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000553091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This single-institution study characterizes outcomes in periocular sebaceous carcinoma and evaluates whether treatment delay is associated with orbital exenteration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective case series of all patients diagnosed with primary periocular sebaceous carcinoma between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2022, at a single academic institution. Clinical, histopathologic, treatment, and outcome data were analyzed. Association between time to treatment and orbital exenteration was assessed using logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 25 patients (median age 76.6 years). Prior misdiagnosis occurred in 21 (84%), most commonly as chalazia (<i>n</i> = 7) or blepharitis (<i>n</i> = 6). Most tumors were AJCC T1, with predominantly poor or moderate differentiation. Mean time from presentation-to-treatment was 5.67 months (range 0.26-28.52 months), with a subset experiencing prolonged delays. Most patients underwent wide local excision (52%) or Mohs surgery (32%), with 4 (16%) requiring exenteration. Each 3-month increase in time to treatment was associated with 16% greater odds of orbital exenteration (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.01-1.38; <i>p</i> = 0.042). Demographic and socioeconomic variables were not associated with differences in delays or outcomes. Median follow-up was 43 months, during which visual acuity remained stable in non-exenterated patients (median logMAR change -0.125). Local tumor recurrence occurred in 4 (16%) at a median of 26.46 months. Overall survival was 54.2% at 10 years, with no deaths attributed to sebaceous carcinoma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Treatment delay was associated with increased odds of orbital exenteration and not with measured socioeconomic factors. These findings suggest a potential relationship between time-to-treatment and extent of surgical management, with possible implications for vision preservation and quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":19434,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Oncology and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13427352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148654122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproducibility of Perfusion-Weighted and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with Ocular Tumours.","authors":"Pieter A M Janssen, Teresa A Ferreira, T H Khanh Vu, Jan-Willem M Beenakker, Lisa Klaassen","doi":"10.1159/000552801","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) can assess biological tumour characteristics of uveal melanoma (UM), the most common primary intraocular malignant tumour in adults. Recent studies propose that these techniques can aid in the differential diagnosis, provide prognostic information, and enable early assessment of treatment response following radiation therapy. However, it is important to determine the extent to which any observed differences can be attributable to true biological changes in the tumour rather than day-to-day physiological or measurement variations. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the reproducibility of ocular DWI and PWI measurements between two centres.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In this prospective study, 15 patients with UM were included. Each patient underwent two MRIs at two different centres with a mean interval of 28 days (range: 12-43 days). Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), relative peak intensity, and outflow percentage of the tumour were compared between the two timepoints. Mean absolute differences between the two timepoints were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean absolute differences between the two timepoints were 0.07 × 10^-3 mm²/s (95% CI, 0.04-0.11) for ADC, 0.11 (95% CI, 0.04-0.18) for relative peak intensity, and 6 (95% CI, 3-10) percentage points for outflow percentage.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study shows that DWI and PWI parameters demonstrate reproducibility in UM patients between two different centres, with variabilities smaller than differences typically observed in differential diagnosis or treatment response assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":19434,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Oncology and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13423369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148631085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug Rechallenge after Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Inflammation and Optic Nerve Disorders.","authors":"Julia Canestraro, Rebecca F Silverman, David H Abramson, Jasmine H Francis","doi":"10.1159/000550281","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aims of the study were to investigate clinical characteristics and spectrum of immune checkpoint inhibitor optic nerve disorders (ICI-OND), including ICI-optic neuritis (ICI-ON), ICI-optic disc edema (ICI-OE), ICI-optic perineuritis, and ICI-panuveitis; to understand the breadth of management options; to investigate long-term outcomes of these patients; and, importantly, to tackle the question of outcomes following rechallenge of these potentially life-preserving drug regimens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective analysis, single-center tertiary cancer hospital. Thirty-seven eyes in twenty consecutive patients with ICI-OND treated at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center between June 16, 2019, and June 5, 2025, were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 37 eyes with ICI-OND, the majority of patients had painless loss of vision (85%), bilateral involvement (70%), dyschromatopsia (59%), abnormal testing: visual field (79%), retinal nerve fiber layer optical coherence tomography (80%), and magnetic resonance imaging (56%). Time to diagnosis occurred following a median of 4.5 drug cycles and was shorter with combination ICI (two ICI's) versus monotherapy (one ICI). The 3 patients with pain all had concurrent intraocular inflammation. Following steroid treatment and ICI cessation, vision was improved in 84% of eyes, stable in 11%, and declined in 5%. Snellen lines regained was associated with baseline vision (<i>p</i> = 0.0002). Five patients were rechallenged, and we did not see nor detect recurrence of ICI-OND in 4 patients; 1 patient had recurrence which resolved with steroids and vision returned to baseline.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the majority of cases, ICI-OND occurs bilaterally with painless vision decline and color vision deficits. Cessation of drug along with initiation of systemic steroids can improve vision to 20/40 or better in at least one involved eye, and although we included a smaller subset of patients, we found that ICI can be rechallenged after completion of steroids, without documented recurrence of ICI-OND in most patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19434,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Oncology and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"69-80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12893765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146181272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraocular Extension in Melanoma at an Ocular Oncology Unit in Buenos Aires.","authors":"Carolina Gentile, Maria Valentina Ranno, Stephany Loraine Lucia Salcedo Camargo, Lucila Tajtelbaum, Juan Ignacio Simunovich Garnero, Charbel Viñolo Chaca, Paola De la Iglesia Niveyro","doi":"10.1159/000551168","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Extrascleral extension (EOE) of uveal melanoma is a known negative prognostic factor, more frequently observed in medium to large tumors. Although EOE is typically limited in size, extensive cases present significant challenges in treatment planning, and the optimal management approach remains controversial. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of EOE in patients with uveal melanoma and analyze the prognosis of patients treated at the Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires from 2007 to June 2024.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an observational, analytical, retrospective cohort study from 2007 to June 2024. Patients with EOE at diagnosis or during follow-up were identified. Epidemiological characteristics, tumor dimensions, timing of EOE, metastasis occurrence, and survival data were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 181 patients diagnosed with uveal melanoma were included, of whom twelve (6.62%) presented EOE, and 54.5% were male. The mean age was 64.41 years (SD 14.39). Six patients (50%) had EOE at diagnosis (average tumor thickness 9.51 mm, average diameter 17.7 mm), while six developed it during follow-up. The median time to event was 31.5 months (range: 8-120 months). Among these 12 patients, three developed metastases within the first year after diagnosis and treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>EOE is a poor prognostic factor and tends to occur in larger tumors. It may be present at diagnosis or appear years later, reinforcing the need for long-term surveillance. Early identification is crucial to ensure appropriate treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19434,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Oncology and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"128-136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13108970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147777495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uveal Melanoma: Changing Paradigms of Treatment.","authors":"Sophie Piperno-Neumann","doi":"10.1159/000549994","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549994","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite effective management of the primary tumor, up to 50% of patients with uveal melanoma develop metastases, with poor outcomes.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>In 2022, tebentafusp became the first approved systemic therapy to improve overall survival in metastatic UM. Tebentafusp is an immune-modulating bispecific fusion protein restricted to HLA A02:01, using a T-cell receptor targeting glycoprotein 100, a melanocyte lineage-specific antigen expressed on UM cells, capable of recruiting and activating polyclonal CD3 T cells. Reduction in circulating tumor DNA is associated with improved survival across all response categories and may serve as a surrogate biomarker to guide treatment decisions. Tebentafusp's mechanism of action and safety profile support combination trials with regional or systemic therapies and its evaluation in the ATOM adjuvant study for high-risk UM patients. As half of the patients are HLA A02:01 negative, alternative strategies are under investigation, including the protein kinase C inhibitor darovasertib in the NADOM neoadjuvant/adjuvant trial and in combination with crizotinib in metastatic UM. DYP688, a first-in-class PMEL17-targeting antibody-drug conjugate that inhibits GNAQ/11 signaling, has shown promise in metastatic UM and other GNAQ/11-mutant melanomas.</p><p><strong>Key message: </strong>The landscape of UM treatment is rapidly evolving following the identification of new targets and pathways such as PKC or PRAME. Combination of liver-directed therapies with personalized systemic immunotherapies or targeted agents in the metastatic disease, as well as the early use of systemic therapies in the primary tumor setting will refine treatment strategies in UM and suggest improved outcomes in the near future.</p>","PeriodicalId":19434,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Oncology and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"107-116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12962742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147377306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal Imaging Features of Bilateral Diffuse Uveal Melanocytic Proliferation: A Systematic Review of 82 Patients.","authors":"Almila Sarıgül Sezenöz, Aslan Aykut, Buse Güneri Beşer, Sarinee Juntipwong, Bernadete Ayres, Hakan Demirci","doi":"10.1159/000550536","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation (BDUMP) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by proliferation of benign melanocytes throughout the uveal tract. Our purpose was to quantify the prevalence of multimodal imaging findings in BDUMP and identify features that most reliably characterize this rare paraneoplastic syndrome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, searching PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Embase through September 2025. We included case reports and series providing patient-level data on BDUMP with associated imaging. Prevalence rates were calculated using a documented denominator approach with 95% Wilson score confidence intervals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-seven studies encompassing 82 patients were included. Median age was 67 years (range 35-88); 54.9% were female. Gynecologic (25.9%), gastrointestinal (22.2%), and lung (17.3%) cancers were most common. Optical coherence tomography revealed retinal pigment epithelium irregularities in 91.8% and subretinal fluid in 90.2% of patients, exceeding the prevalence of classical orange-red patches on fundus photography (82.6%). Fundus autofluorescence showed alternating hypo/hyperautofluorescence in 76.6%. Choroidal thickening was present in 88.9% on ultrasonography. Bacillary layer detachment was identified in 16.4% of cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>OCT-based structural abnormalities are more consistently present than Gass's classical funduscopic signs. These quantitative data may assist earlier recognition of BDUMP and suggest that updated diagnostic criteria should incorporate multimodal imaging findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19434,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Oncology and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"117-127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12987679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147463714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Clinical Observations after Photodynamic Therapy in Choroidal Osteoma: A Three-Case Series.","authors":"Javier Elizalde, Santiago Abengoechea, Anna Bruix","doi":"10.1159/000550572","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Choroidal osteoma is a benign intraocular tumor that often presents in the juxtapapillary or macular region of young adult females. Factors contributing to severe vision impairment include tumor growth to the fovea, isolated subretinal fluid (SRF), alterations of the retinal pigment epithelium, macular edema, or serosanguineous SRF related to the development of choroidal neovascularization. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in treating symptomatic SRF and preventing foveal involvement, providing valuable long-term data and highlighting some previously unreported minor complications related to the treatment.</p><p><strong>Case presentations: </strong>In case 1, a 23-year-old woman with a juxtapapillary choroidal osteoma and symptomatic SRF was treated with PDT. Two months later, the visual acuity improved from 20/50 to 20/20 with complete resolution of the fluid. In case 2, an asymptomatic 22-year-old woman with a juxtapapillary choroidal osteoma was treated with a single PDT session, and progressive tumor decalcification was observed. Visual field testing after the treatment revealed the development of two small deep scotomas inferior to the physiological blind spot, which were not perceived by the patient, while visual acuity has remained at 20/20 15 years after the treatment. In case 3, a 38-year-old woman with a paracentral scotoma related to a juxtafoveal choroidal osteoma was treated with a single PDT session to prevent potential complications. Twenty days after the treatment, a subretinal hemorrhage was observed between the posterior margin of the tumor and the fovea, and 2 months later it spontaneously disappeared. Tumor decalcification was noticed 4 months after the treatment, the visual acuity dropped to 20/30, and the paracentral scotoma increased. Since then, the functional parameters have remained stable.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reinforces the established role of PDT in the management of choroidal osteoma, resolving SRF, promoting tumor decalcification and preventing central tumor extension after long-term follow-up. However, it also highlights the occurrence of a self-limited subretinal hemorrhage following the application of PDT and the development of permanent paracentral scotomas as a treatment-related effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":19434,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Oncology and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"87-93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12959922/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147366075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}