Nigerian Journal of Animal Production最新文献

{"title":"Expression of major histocompatibility complex class II gene in commercial strains of broiler chickens administered varying levels of aqueous ginger extract","authors":"G. P. Okolo, S. S. A. Egena, B. O. Otu, A. B. Sikiru","doi":"10.51791/njap.v49i5.3773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v49i5.3773","url":null,"abstract":"Due to regulation on the usage of synthetic antibiotics as a result of the development of resistance by microorganisms, the expression of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II gene in three commercial strains of broiler chickens administered varying levels of ginger extract was investigated. Ninety each of Arbor acres Plus, Cobb 500 and Ross 308 were used in the experiment. The birds were randomly divided into three treatment groups, on breed basis, of 30 birds, designated as T1, T2, and T3. Each treatment per breed were further divided into 3 replicates of 10 chicks. The control was administered a leveled table spoonful of Oxytetracycline® in 2L of water as recommended by the manufacturer while 4% and 6% of aqueous ginger extract was given to treatment 2, and 3 birds, respectively via drinking water. A single phase diet (22.34% CP; 2948.05 ME kcal/kg) was fed to the birds for 8 weeks. Liver samples were collected at the end of the experiment, fixed in RNA Later, and used for the expression study. Results showed significant (P<0.05) effect of treatment on the expression of MHC complex class II gene of the birds. Arbor acres Plus, Cobb 500 and Ross 308 birds administered ginger extract expressed more of the gene compared to the control. For the breed effect, expression of MHC class II gene was better in Ross 308 strain (1.07 fold change) followed by Arbor acres plus (0.76 fold change) while Cobb 500 had the least (0.62 fold change). For the effect of varying ginger extract levels on the expression of MHC class II gene, it was observed to have been upregulated most in birds administered 4% ginger extract (1.26 FC), 6% ginger extract (1.19 FC), while the control (0% ) had the least value (0.00 FC). In conclusion, aqueous ginger extract could be used up to 6% in the drinking water of the three broiler chickens strains as it led to upregulation of the MHC class II gene expression which could help in conferring immunity to the birds against exogenous microbial infection.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; En raison de la réglementation sur l’utilisation d’antibiotiques synthétiques à la suite du développement d’une résistance par des micro-organismes, l’expression du gène de classe II du complexe majeur d’histocompatibilité (CMH) dans trois souches commerciales de poulets à griller administrées à des niveaux variables d’extrait de gingembre a été étudiée. Quatre-vingt-dix chacun des acres Arbor Plus, Cobb 500 et Ross 308 ont été utilisés dans l’expérience. Les oiseaux ont été divisés au hasard en trois groupes de traitement, sur la base de la race, de 30 oiseaux, désignés par T1, T2 et T3. Chaque traitement par race a ensuite été divisé en 3 répétitions de 10 poussins. Le témoin a reçu une cuillerée de table rase d’Oxytetracycline® dans 2L d’eau comme recommandé par le fabricant tandis que 4% et 6% d’extrait aqueux de gingembre ont été administrés aux oiseaux de traitement 2 et 3, respectivement via l’eau potable. Un régime à une seule phase (","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134974352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterosis of crossbred genotypes of muturu cows mated with white fulani bulls using modified co-synch protocol under natural grazing conditions","authors":"P. E. Nwakpu, E. U. Obianwuna, J. T. Ogunnupebi","doi":"10.51791/njap.v49i5.3761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v49i5.3761","url":null,"abstract":"Heterosis is the improved performance of the offspring over the parents. The experiment was carried out to determine the heterosis of some anthropometric traits from crossing of Muturu cows with the White Fulani bulls using artificial insemination (AI). This experiment was carried out during the period of dry season and on-set of rainy season (November to February) between 2016 and 2019. Sixty adult Muturu cows were inseminated using semen from 15 different White Fulani bulls. Fifty-one crossbred calves were produced (32 females and 19 males). Data on different anthropometric traits were taken of the calves when they were a yearling. The data was compared with the parent’s data at yearlings by analyzing using T test in SPSS version 19 window. The results showed that all the traits were significantly (P<0.05) different between the crossbred and the parents presenting direct and positive heterosis over and above the parents. Heterosis occurred in both the crossbred bull and heifer calves. Crossbred calves grow faster than their inbred parents.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; L’hétérosis est l’amélioration des performances de la progéniture par rapport aux parents. L’expérience a été réalisée pour déterminer l’hétérosis de certains traits anthropométriques du croisement des vaches Muturu avec les taureaux White Fulani par insémination artificielle (IA). Cette expérience a été réalisée pendant la période de saison sèche et au début de la saison des pluies (novembre à février) entre 2016 et 2019. Soixante vaches Muturu adultes ont été inséminées à partir de la semence de 15 taureaux White Fulani différents. Cinquante et un veaux croisés ont été produits (32 femelles et 19 mâles). Des données sur différents traits anthropométriques ont été prises sur les veaux lorsqu’ils étaient un an. Les données ont été comparées aux données des parents chez les yearlings en analysant à l’aide du T-test dans la fenêtre SPSS version 19. Les résultats ont montré que tous les caractères étaient significativement (P<0,05) différents entre les croisés et les parents présentant une hétérosis directe et positive au-delà des parents. L’hétérosis s’est produite à la fois chez les taureaux croisés et les génisses. Les veaux croisés grandissent plus vite que leurs parents consanguins.","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":"333 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134974357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of Spur Gene in the Nigerian Indigenous Chickens in the Guinea Savannah Region of Nigeria: Phenotypic Effects.","authors":"H. O. Ukwu, T. T. Tyo, D. J. Kuusu","doi":"10.51791/njap.v49i5.3764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v49i5.3764","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to investigate the expression of spur gene and its effects on body weight and body linear measurements of Nigerian indigenous chickens in Benue state, Nigeria. Four hundred (400) mature indigenous chickens were used for this study. Data were collected on body weight using weighing balance with accuracy of 0.1 Kg; linear body measurements (shank length, thigh length, body girth, toe length) were taken using a measuring tape, while shank thickness was measured using Vernier Calipers. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results of this study suggest that the calculated allele frequency of spur gene (0.808) in the indigenous chicken was significantly (P< 0.05) higher than the expected Mendelian frequency of 0.25. Nigerian indigenous chicken cocks recorded significantly higher means (P< 0.05) in terms of body weight and linear body measurements when compared to hens. Results also suggest that spurred cocks were better (P< 0.05) than spurless cocks and spurred hens in terms of body weight, shank length, thigh length, body girth, toe length, and shank thickness. Spurred hens were significantly (P< 0.05) better than spurless hens in terms of shank length, thigh length, and shank thickness. Correlations between body weight and linear body measurements were highly positive and significant (P< 0.01). Results of this study suggest that the presence of spur gene in a chicken population could have pronounced positive effect on body weight and linear body measurements of Nigerian native chickens in the guinea savannah region.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Cette étude a été conçue pour étudier l’expression du gène spur et ses effets sur le poids corporel et les mesures linéaires corporelles de poulets indigènes nigérians dans l’État de Benue, au Nigéria. Quatre cents (400) poulets indigènes matures ont été utilisés pour cette étude. Les données ont été recueillies sur le poids corporel à l’aide d’une balance avec une précision de 0,1 kg ; les mesures corporelles linéaires (longueur de la tige, longueur de la cuisse, circonférence du corps, longueur des orteils) ont été prises à l’aide d’un ruban à mesurer, tandis que l’épaisseur de la tige a été mesurée à l’aide de pieds à coulisse. Les données ont été analysées à l’aide du package statistique pour les sciences sociales (SPSS) version 20. Les résultats de cette étude suggèrent que la fréquence allélique calculée du gène spur (0,808) chez le poulet indigène est significativement (P < 0,05) supérieure à la fréquence mendélienne attendue de 0,25. Les coqs de poulet indigènes nigérians ont enregistré des moyennes significativement plus élevées (P &#x0D; <0,05) en termes de poids corporel et de mesures corporelles linéaires par rapport aux poules. Les résultats suggèrent également que les coqs éperonnés étaient meilleurs (P < 0,05) que les coqs sans spur et les poules éperonnées en termes de poids corporel, longueur de la tige, longueur d","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134974358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of wilting period on mineral contents of grass-legume silage mixtures in Umudike, South East, Nigeria","authors":"I. A. Ewetola, R. S. Onabanjo, N. P. Francis, G. S. Ojewola","doi":"10.51791/njap.v49i5.3759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v49i5.3759","url":null,"abstract":"Forage conservation in form of silage production remains best option to ensure availability of adequate feed resource in the rainforest zone of Nigeria due to high relative humidity that negatively affects hay quality. Grasses like Panicum maximum (Guinea grass), Pennisetum purpureum (Elephant grass) are predominantly grown in this zone throughout the year, but decline in nutritive quality when dry season was at the peak. Centrosema pubescens (Centro) has been reported to posses good nutritive value which could be explore to improve some nutrients deficiencies in the grass species when incorporated in the silage. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the mineral contents of grass-legume silage mixtures as affected by wilting period in Umudike, Rainforest zone, Nigeria. The experiment comprised two factors namely: wilting period at two levels (6 and 12 hours after chopping) and forage composition in 5 different constituents (sole Panicum maximum (Guinea grass), sole Pennisetum purpureum (Elephant grass), Panicum maximum-Centrosema pubescens (Panicum*Centro: 50:50) mixture, Pennisetum purpureum-Centrosema pubescens (Pennisetum*Centro: 50:50) mixture and sole Centrosema pubescens (Centro). Thus, the experiment was a factorial arrangement laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The mineral contents of silage were determined 12 weeks ensiling period. The results showed that wilting period and foragecomposition significantly (P<0.05) affected both macro and micro mineral concentrations of the silage. The ensiled materials wilted for 12 hours respectively recorded the highest values (0.291, 0.419, 0.316, 0.774 and 0.259 %) for Calcium (Ca), Phosphorus (P), Magnesium (Mg), Potassium (K) and Sodium (Na), when compared with 6 hours period of wilting. Meanwhile, Pennisetum*Centro silage mixtures recorded greater concentration of 0.323, 0.436, 0.319, 0.814 and 0.280 % for Ca, P, Mg, K and Na in relation to other forage composition. For micro mineral concentrations, similar (P<0.05) trend was observed on wilting period, while that of fforage composition slightly differed with sole Centro silage recorded the higher Copper concentration (17.58mg/kg). It was evident from the outcome of this study that wilting period and forage composition enhanced the mineral contents of the silage produced in Umudike, rainforest zone, Nigeria. Pennisetum*Centro silage mixture wilted for 12 hours is therefore recommended for ruminant production.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; La conservation du fourrage sous forme de production d’ensilage reste la meilleure option pour assurer la disponibilité de ressources alimentaires adéquates dans la zone de forêt tropicale du Nigeria en raison de l’humidité relative élevée qui affecte négativement la qualité du foin. Des graminées comme Panicum maximum (herbe de Guinée), Pennisetum purpureum (herbe d’éléphant) sont principalement cultivées dans cette zone tout au long de l’année, mais leur qualité nutritive décline lorsque ","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134974353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A biotechnology perspective of livestock nutrition on feed additives: a mini review","authors":"B. Okon, L. A. Ibom, Y. D. R. Anlade, A. Dauda","doi":"10.51791/njap.v49i5.3763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v49i5.3763","url":null,"abstract":"Biotechnology applications in livestock nutrition has significance in view of shortage of natural resources with associated conflicts, growing demand of animal products, by-products versus human population pressure necessitate needs for feed additives in livestock diets for better utilization of feeds and food materials which evolved from conventional, unconventional to novel alternative feed sources. The probiotic microorganisms, applications, mechanisms of action; advantages and safety of probiotics were explored. Prebiotics, their leading types, applications, safety of prebiotics and salient features of prebiotics as well as synbiotics, their impacts on livestock products (milk, meat, wool and eggs) quality as well as by-products. These microbes are involved in genetic manipulation of microbes in ruminants and monogastrics gastro-intestinal tracts (GIT’s) which are monumentally beneficial in the form of protection of protein microbes/requirements, amino acids and fats digestion, especially those from fibre in ruminants, and the reestablishment of natural and genetically modified microbes in the rumen. Genetically modified grains for nutritional improvements and anti–nutritional factors could include low phytate corn, high oil corn, and low oligosaccharide soybean. Growth promoters of phytochemicals and/or phytobiotic herbs are health boosters, in-feed enzymes, organic acids, digestive boosters, antimicrobial peptides, antibacterial and useful alternatives to antibiotics and hormones. Feed additives that also promote growth in heat stress conditions are electrolytes, betaine, amino acids, leaf extracts and trace minerals. Other additives for growth and better carcass quality products are in form of antioxidants as ractopamine, L-carnitine, amino acids, nucleotides in broiler diet, corn oil or fish oil. Organic acids (formic and propionic acids) serve as feed preservatives and are particularly effective. Others are lactic, citric, fumaric and sorbic acids plus their salts (such as calcium formate and calcium propionate). Mycotoxins are reduced through absorption and bioavailability by using numerous mycotoxin binders. Pre-mixtures are vitamins, minerals, carotenoids, acids, preservatives, needed in small amounts. Modern biotechnology holds promising diverse beneficial applications and solutions in different ways like environment protection, gut microbes’ manipulations, production of food (feeds, feed additives) for normal growth, better health, metabolic activities in a balanced diet, better welfare and well-being of our livestock and other emerging enterprises.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Les applications de la biotechnologie dans la nutrition du bétail ont une importance compte tenu de la pénurie de ressources naturelles avec les conflits associés, la demande croissante de produits animaux, les sous-produits par rapport à la pression de la population humaine nécessitent des besoins en additifs alimentaires dans les régimes alimentaires d","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134974365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of storage duration on egg quality, embryo mortality and hatching traits in Transylvanian naked neck chickens under humid tropical conditions","authors":"M. O. Abioja, O. F. Akinjute, H. T. Ojoawo, A. M. Shittu, M. B. Komolafe","doi":"10.51791/njap.v49i5.3762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v49i5.3762","url":null,"abstract":"Storage of hatching eggs for a period prior to incubation is unavoidable. Extended storage periods do affects egg quality, chick development and hatchability. There are variations in responses of eggs from different strains of chickens. Transylvanian naked neck chicken eggs were stored at 16±1.5℃ for either 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 or 18d. Forty-four eggs in each batch were set after egg quality determination with 6 eggs per batch. Egg weight and surface area (P<0.001) linearly decreased with increased storage length (R2 = 0.9756 and 0.9469 respectively). Eggshell in the 0d group was (P<0.01) heavier than those of 18d. Eggs in 0 and 3d storage groups had lower (P<0.001) yolk% than eggs in 15 and 18d storage. Yolk diameter was higher in 9 to 18d of storage than in fresh eggs (P<0.01). Higher yolk height and index (P<0.001) were observed in 0, 3 or 6d eggs than in prolonged storage. Albumen weight was reduced (P<0.001) in stored eggs. Egg stored for 15d recorded smaller albumen% (P<0.01) than 0 and 3d storage. Albumen diameter, height, index, Haugh, and internal quality unit (P<0.01) were higher in fresh eggs than in stored eggs. Hatchability declined (P<0.001) with the extension in storage duration. Storage beyond 6d caused a reduction in quality and hatching traits. Therefore, other mitigating interventions are required.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Le stockage des œufs à couver pendant une période précédant l’incubation est inévitable. Les périodes de stockage prolongées affectent la qualité des œufs, le développement des poussins et l’éclosion. Il existe des variations dans les réponses des œufs de différentes souches de poulets. Les œufs de poulet à cou nu de Transylvanie ont été stockés à 16 ± 1,5℃ pendant 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 ou 18 jours. Quarante-quatre œufs de chaque lot ont été pondus après détermination de la qualité des œufs avec 6 œufs par lot. Le poids et la surface des œufs (P < 0,001) ont diminué de manière linéaire avec l’augmentation de la durée de stockage (R2 = 0,9756 et 0,9469 respectivement). La coquille d’œuf du groupe 0 jour était (P<0,01) plus lourde que celle du groupe 18 jours. Les œufs des groupes de stockage 0 et 3 jours avaient un pourcentage de jaune inférieur (P<0,001) aux œufs des groupes de stockage 15 et 18 jours. Le diamètre du jaune était plus élevé dans les 9 à 18 jours de stockage que dans les œufs frais (P < 0,01). Une hauteur et un indice de jaune plus élevés (P < 0,001) ont été observés dans les œufs de 0, 3 ou 6 jours par rapport à un stockage prolongé. Le poids de l’albumen a été réduit (P<0,001) dans les œufs stockés. L’œuf stocké pendant 15 jours a enregistré un pourcentage d’albumen plus petit (P <0,01) que le stockage 0 et 3 jours. Le diamètre, la hauteur, l’indice Haugh et l’unité de qualité interne de l’albumen (P<0,01) étaient plus élevés dans les œufs frais que dans les œufs stockés. L’éclosion a diminué (P<0,001) avec l’allongement de la durée de stockage. Le stockage au-delà de 6 jours a entraîné u","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135996967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance, carcass features and economic indices of broilers fed diets supplemented with soaked and roasted Jatropha curcas","authors":"R. J. Ojo, P. O. Onowakpo, O. G. Olukahunsi, O. A. Shaba","doi":"10.51791/njap.v49i4.3705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v49i4.3705","url":null,"abstract":"Most African poultry farmers currently supplement the commercial feed with unconventional ingredients without recourse to their undesirable effects on the performance of the birds due to high cost of conventional poultry feed. This study therefore assessed the effect of commercial broiler finisher supplemented with soaked and roasted Jatropha curcas meal on performance, biochemical parameters, economic indices, carcass and organ features of broilers at the finisher phase. For the starter phase, the broilers were brooded for four weeks and fed with the standard commercial broiler starter diet before they were divided into their various experimental groups that received recomposed commercial broiler finisher containing 9.0% raw, soaked or roasted Jatropha curcas seed meal, respectively. After four weeks, blood samples were collected from each broiler for biochemical parameters. The performance, economic indices and carcass features were also assessed. The result revealed that inclusion of soaked and roasted Jatropha curcas in commercial diet resulted in significantly (p<0.05) decrease in the total cost of feed per kilogram body weight gain from ? 691.68 to ? 600.39. The cost of producing the roasted (? 993.67) and soaked (? 945.85) Jatropha curcas diet were also significantly lower than that of the control feed (commercial diet) (? 1,314.19). In terms of profit per kilogram weight gain per bird, the broilers fed soaked (? 1,199.61) and roasted (? 1,177.24) Jatropha curcas supplemented diets performed better than the control (? 1,108.32). Inclusion of detoxified Jatropha curcas reduced the feed conversion ratio from 2.67 to about 2.46.The carcass and organ characteristics of the broilers were not significantly affected (p<0.05) by soaked and roasted Jatropha curcas supplemented diet compare to the control, although the broilers fed with roasted and soaked Jatropha curcas presented 16.01% and 17.07% lower weight gain respectively. Similar packed cell volume (PCV) were observed in control (32.00 %) and the bird fed with the experimental diet (30.09% - 30.73%). Liver biomarkers (ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin and serum total protein) and kidney biomarkers (uric acid, urea and creatinine) showed that soaking and roasting reduced the negative effect of Jatropha curcas inclusion in the diet. It did not also raise the lipid content of the broiler making it safe for consumers who are scare of cholesterol in chicken. This study therefore showed that locally processed Jatropha kernel meal in limited quantity can be added to commercial feed for broiler production at finisher's phase to increase the profit margin without deleterious effect on the performance of broilers. \u0000  \u0000  \u0000  \u0000  \u0000La plupart des aviculteurs africains complètent actuellement les aliments commerciaux avec des ingrédients non conventionnels sans recourir à leurs effets indésirables sur les performances des oiseaux en raison du coût élevé des aliments conventionnels pour volailles. Cette étude a donc ","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":"159 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75163941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solvent and extraction methods have been established as one of the determinant of extract yield and its components. These influence the amount of phenolic compounds in the extracts that inhibit microbial growth in meat products during storage. However,","authors":"A. K. Tella, M. Isaac, D. S. Solomon, K. J. Tarhule, S. J. Nkwuda, J. Agashi, P. A. Ewache","doi":"10.51791/njap.v49i4.3708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v49i4.3708","url":null,"abstract":"Solvent and extraction methods have been established as one of the determinant of extract yield and its components. These influence the amount of phenolic compounds in the extracts that inhibit microbial growth in meat products during storage. However, the influence of different solvent extraction on grilled chicken has not been documented. Hence, the physicochemical, microbial and sensory properties of grilled chicken marinated in different onion skin solvent extraction were investigated. Ground Onion Skin-OS (0.25kg) was soaked in a litre of distilled water (45o C) for 24 hr. For ethanolic and methanolic extraction, ground OS (0.25kg) was soaked in a litre of 80% of each solvent for 24 hr. Extracts were filtered and concentrated using water bath. The yield was determined and extracts were stored. Nine broiler birds (1.9±0.2 kg) were slaughtered, defeathered and the breast portions were removed. Water, ethanol and methanol OS extract (3g each) representing three treatments were added each separately to 1 liter of water in three replicates. Each chicken breast was immersed in each container and stored at 4o C for 24 hr after which the meats were grilled in the oven at 250o C for 30min. Physicochemical and sensory properties of the grilled meats were determined after which the products were stored at 4o C for six days for microbial evaluation on day 0, 3 and 6. The OS extract yield from water was higher while the lower yield was recorded in methanolic extract. Microbial load of grilled chicken increased during storage with all extracts except for ethanol on day 3. Methanolic extract of OS significantly reduced microbial load compared to water and ethanol except for day 3 where extracts had similar effect (P>0.05) on grilled meat. While pH was not significantly affected by the treatments, cooking loss (%) in methanolic extraction (45.06) was significantly higher than water (50.99) and ethanolic (48.56) OS extracts. Cooking yield (%) had higher value in methanolic extraction (54.94) compared to water (50.99) and ethanol (51.44) OS extracts. While other sensory properties were not significantly affected, flavour (4.43) and juiciness (6.35) of grilled chicken from OS methanolic extract were higher than other treatments. Grilled chickens from water (5.67) and methanolic (5.34) OS extracts were more acceptable to the taste panelists. Extraction with water increased the yield of onion skin extract while methanolic extraction reduced microbial load and improved the physicochemical and sensory properties of grilled chicken. \u0000  \u0000  \u0000  \u0000  \u0000Les méthodes de solvant et d'extraction ont été établies comme l'un des déterminants du rendement de l'extrait et de ses composants. Ceux-ci influencent la quantité de composés phénoliques dans les extraits qui inhibent la croissance microbienne dans les produits carnés pendant le stockage. Cependant, l'influence de différents solvants d'extraction sur lepoulet grillé n'a pas été documentée. Par conséquent, les propriétés p","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74896092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Composition of African Black Plum (Vitex Doniana) Leaf Ensiled with Urea and Broiler Litter","authors":"R. Audu, A. B. Amin, M. Sadiq, A. Tijjani, L. Babangida, I. Abdullahi","doi":"10.51791/njap.v49i4.3711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v49i4.3711","url":null,"abstract":"Inadequacy of feed resources as well as their low nutritional quality especially during the dry season subject animals to nutritional stress. The nutritive value of feed resources can be improved for enhanced utilization by rumen microbes for optimum growth by treating with non-protein nitrogen sources. Conservation of grasses and other herbage to minimize loss in their nutrient composition can be achieved through ensilage. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritional potential of African black plum (Vitex doniana) leaf ensiled with broiler litter and urea. Four silages were prepared in which African Black Plum Leaf (ABPL) were ensiled alone (T1  ; control), with 1% urea (T2  ), 25% broiler litter (T3 ) and 25% broiler litter + 1% urea (T4 ) and replicated three times in bamma bottles for a period of 21 days. Physical properties, proximate and mineral composition of the silages were evaluated. Results of the physical properties of the silages showed that the silages were light brown for T1 and T2 and yellowish green for T 3 and T 4 . The aroma and texture were pleasant and firm for T1 and T2 while T3 and T4 had very sweet aroma with a firm texture. The values obtained for pH and temperature ranged from 6.50 – 7.87 and 28.17 – 29.60o C, respectively. Proximate and mineral composition showed significant (p<0.05) differences in the silages obtained. T3 (25% broiler litter) had the highest CP content (17.32 %) while T (25% broiler litter + 1% 4 urea) showed higher values for EE and NFE (3.70 % and 56.19 %, respectively). Sodium, potassium and magnesium were significantly (p<0.05) higher in T (0.61%, 1.72% and 2 0.83%, respectively)whereas T had higher content of iron and copper (80.4 mg/kg and 12.5 3 mg/kg, respectively). It could be concluded that the silages possessed good physical properties and appreciable proximate and mineral composition and thus, could be a potential feed resource that could be used to supplement animal feeds during periods of feed scarcity. \u0000  \u0000  \u0000  \u0000  \u0000Insuffisance des ressources alimentaires ainsi que leur faible qualité nutritionnelle, en particulier pendant la saison sèche, les animaux soumettent des animaux au stress nutritionnel. La valeur nutritive des ressources alimentaires peut être améliorée pour une utilisation améliorée par les microbes du rumen pour une croissance optimale en traitant avec des sources d'azote non protéiques. La conservation des graminées et d'autres herbages pour minimiser la perte de leur composition en nutriments peut être obtenue par l'écrivain.mL'expérience a été menée pour évaluer le potentiel nutritionnel de la feuille noire africaine (Vitex doniana) avec une litière de poulet et de l'urée. Quatre silages ont été préparés dans lesquels la feuille de prune noire africaine (FPNA) a été inscrite seule (T ; contrôle), avec 1%d'urée (T ), 25% de litière de poulet (T ) et 25% de litière de poulet + 1% d'urée (T ) et 2 3 4 reproduit trois fois dans des bouteilles de bamma pendant une ","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84821973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological and Coprological Changes Associated with Single and conjunct experimental infections of trypanosoma brucei and haemonchus contortus in west African dwarf goats","authors":"A. Onyeabor, E. Uwalaka, D. N. Onunkwor, H. A. Chimezia","doi":"10.51791/njap.v49i4.3714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v49i4.3714","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental study on the interaction between Trypanosoma brucei and Haemonchus contortus infections was conducted on 36 male West African Dwarf Goats (WADG) of 8–9 months old. Coprological and physiological observations were made on these animals in different groups of 6 groups of 6 animals each. In this study, experimental single infections of either T. brucei or H. contortus and conjunct infection of both parasites produced an acute infection in WADG with initial parasitaemia occurring 7- 14 days post-infection and initial detection of egg in faeces occurring 14 days post-infection. The pre-patent period of infection of T. brucei and H. contortus were influenced by conjunct infections resulting in the early detection of nematode egg in the faeces and trypanosome in the blood of the infected conjunct groups. A high level of parasitaemia was observed more in group 3 compared to other groups. The faecal egg count and worm burden were more in groups 3, 4, and 5 than group 2. Judging from the degree of clinical manifestation, animals in the conjunct group appeared to be more severely affected. Haematological parameter changes were particularly more marked in conjunct infected groups (3 and 5). These observations may not be unconnected with the stress of the conjunct infections and immunosuppressive effects of trypanosomosis. This was very evident in the significant sustained decrease in the levels of packed cell volume, mean haemoglobin concentration and total red blood cell counts following the onset of parasitaemia and patency in the infected goats. The above observation confirmed the long-held view that both parasites precipitate anaemia and immunosuppression in infected animals. \u0000  \u0000  \u0000  \u0000  \u0000Une étude expérimentale sur l'interaction entre les infections à Trypanosoma brucei et à Haemonchus contortus a été menée sur 36 West African Dwarf Goat (WADG) mâles âgées de 8 à 9 mois. Des observations coprologiques et physiologiques ont été faites sur ces animaux dans différents groupes de 6 groupes de 6 animaux chacun. Dans cette étude, des infections expérimentales uniques de T. brucei ou de H. contortus et une infection conjointe des deux parasites ont produit une infection aiguë dans le WADG avec une parasitémie initiale survenant 7 à 14 jours après l'infection et une détection initiale d'œufs dans les fèces survenant 14 jours après. -infection. La période d'infection pré-patente de T. brucei et H. contortus était influencée par des infections conjointes résultant en la détection précoced'œufs de nématodes dans les fèces et de trypanosomes dans le sang des groupes conjointsm infectés. Un niveau élevé de parasitémie a été observé davantage dans le groupe 3 par rapport aux autres groupes. Le nombre d'œufs fécaux et la charge de vers étaient plus élevés dans les groupes 3, 4 et 5 que dans le groupe 2. À en juger par le degré de manifestation clinique, les animaux du groupe conjoint semblaient être plus gravement touchés. Les modifications des paramèt","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73833440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}