Nigerian Journal of Animal Production最新文献

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of live body weight, linear body measurement and carcass characteristics of West African dwarf and red sokoto goats in Abak municipality, Akwa Ibom State","authors":"I. Sam, J. Ekpo","doi":"10.51791/njap.v49i4.3697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v49i4.3697","url":null,"abstract":"Goats are kept primarily for meat in Nigeria, their body weight and body dimensions are important carcass trait of interest. Several approaches have been adopted to utilize body weight and linear body measurement in predicting carcass composition in goats. However this information on prediction of carcass composition from body weight and linear body measurements is limited for goats raised in the southern region of Nigeria. A study was conducted to determine the relationship between live body weight, linear body measurements and carcass characteristics of West African dwarf (WAD) goats and Red Sokoto (RS) goats. Live body weight (LBW), Heart girth (HG), Body depth (BD), Rump height (RH), Height at wither (HW) and Body length (BL) were the linear body measurements. Neck, hind limbs, head, slaughtered weight; empty carcass, fore limb and warm carcass were measured for carcass traits. Internal offals weighed were spleen, liver, lung, heart, kidney and empty gut. Twenty West African Dwarf goats ( 10 males and 10 females weighed 15.00 ± 0.10kg and 14.25 ± 0.50kg respectively) and twenty Red Sokoto ( 10 males and 10 females weighed 21.80 ± 0.67kg and 20.50 ± 0.12kg respectively)between the ages of 2-3 years were used for this study. Data obtained were analyzed using t-test, correlation analysis and multiple regressions. Results showed that the mean live body weight of WAD goats and RS goats were 14.63±0.46 and 21.13±0.36, respectively. Average linear body measurements of WAD and RS goats showed significant (p<0.05) differences in all the parameters except BL with RS goats having higher values . Average carcass traits of the two breeds of goats were significantly (p<0.05) different in hind limb, slaughtered weight and fore limb weight in favour of RS goats. Internal edible offal weight of both breeds differed significantly (p<0.05) in spleen, heart and kidney. There were significant positive correlations (P<0.001) between live body weight and linear body measurements in both breeds Strong and positive significant correlation (P<0.05) were also observed between 2 linear body measurement and most of the carcass traits measured. The highest R values in both breeds of goat were obtained when all the body measurements were included in the regression equations. It can be concluded that the correlation between linear body measurements can serve as selection criteria in improving carcass traits for better meat production. Moreso, carcass traits could be estimated more accurately by combination of two or more linear measurements. \u0000  \u0000  \u0000Les chèvres sont élevées principalement pour la viande au Nigéria, leur poids corporel et leurs dimensions corporelles sont d'importants traits de carcasse intéressants. Plusieurs approches ont été adoptées pour utiliser le poids corporel et la mesure linéaire du corps dans la prédiction de la composition de la carcasse chez les chèvres. Cependant, ces informations sur la prédiction de la composition de la carcasse à partir du po","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73187573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of Yankasa Weaner Rams Fed Roughage and Concentrate Supplement at Different Sequences and Intervals","authors":"R. Adeleke, C. Alawa, S. Otaru","doi":"10.51791/njap.v49i4.3709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v49i4.3709","url":null,"abstract":"The production and productivity of small ruminant in humid West Africa is being limited by feed constraints, which are largely due to non-strategic utilization and combination of available feed resources to develop an efficient production feeding system, rather than absolute non availability. Farmers under semi-intensive system commonly offer feed supplements to their animals in the morning before grazing fibrous grasses all day. However, results of rumen degradability studies suggested that this system should be the opposite. This study was designed to investigate the effect of changing the sequence and interval of feeding concentrate supplement (CS) and roughage on performance of Yankasa weaner rams. A 90-day feeding trial was conducted using twenty eight 5-6 months old Yankasa weaner rams with average body weight of 14.96 ± 1.10 kg. The rams were randomly assigned to four treatments (CB1: CS fed 1 h prior to feeding grass hay (GH); CB2: CS fed 2h prior to feeding GH; GB1: GH fed 1 h before feeding CS; and GB2: GH fed 2 h before feeding CS) using a 2x2 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The rams were fed woolly finger grass (Digitaria smutsii Stent) hay and CS at the rate of 2.4% and 1.6% of body weight, respectively, and offered water ad libitum. Blood collection was done at four weeks interval pre- feeding and 4 h post- second feeding. Rumen fluid was collected pre- feeding and 3 h post-second feeding during the last week of feeding trial. Parameters measured include dry matter intake (DMI), total weight change, Average daily gains (ADG), Total volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ruminal pH values, and Blood creatinine levels. DMI was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by the interval of the feeding. The total weight change of GB2 and CB2 rams was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than that of CB1 and GB1 rams. ADG among treatments were affected (P < 0.05) by feeding interval. VFAs and ruminal pH values of the rams 3 h post-feeding were affected (P< 0.05) by the interval of feeding CS and GH. Pre-feeding blood creatinine levels and 4 h post-feeding, were also significantly (P< 0.05) affected by interval of feeding GH and CS. It is concluded that, even though, feed intake and growth rate of Yankasa rams were not markedly affected by the sequence as much as interval of feeding CS and GH, the GB2 rams had higher ADG and better feed efficiency. \u0000  \u0000  \u0000  \u0000La production et la productivité des petits ruminants en Afrique de l'Ouest humide sont limitées par des contraintes alimentaires, qui sont en grande partie dues à une utilisation non stratégique et à une combinaison des ressources alimentaires disponibles pour développer un système d'alimentation de production efficace, plutôt qu'à une indisponibilité absolue. Les éleveurs sous système semi-intensif offrent couramment des compléments alimentaires à leurs animaux le matin avant de faire paître des herbes fibreuses toute la journée. Cependant, les résultats des études de dég","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77881154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional evaluation and growth response of West African dwarf (WAD) sheep fed varying levels of soybean cheese waste diets","authors":"D. O. Ogunbosoye, T. Abegunde, T. O. Binuomote, K. B. Salau","doi":"10.51791/njap.v49i4.3713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v49i4.3713","url":null,"abstract":"Feed shortage and high cost of conventional feed ingredients in the tropics and the keen competition between man and other farm animals necessitated the need to search for alternative feed resources that are cheap, available at all times but not toxic for ruminants to enhance their productivity. Hence, this study examined the fermentation characteristics and performance of West African dwarf (WAD) sheep fed graded levels of soybean cheese waste (SBCW). Three diets were formulated at 0%, 10% and 20% levels of SBCW respectively as D1, D2 and D3. Eighteen WAD sheep averaging 14 kg were randomly allocated to the dietary treatments for 102 days. The crude protein (CP) content of the diets varied significantly (p < 0.05) with CP of D1 being lowest (12.18 %) and highest in D3 (17.75 %). The gas volume produced at the end of 24 hrs incubation for D3 was lower than in D1 and D2. The methane volume produced was least in D3 and highest in D1. The calculated organic matter digestibility (OMD), metabolizable energy (ME) and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) values were similar except for D3 which had higher OMD than D1 and D2. Daily dry matter intake (DDMI) of WAD sheep fed D3 was highest compared to other diets. A similar trend was observed in average daily weight gain (ADWG). D3 had the least cost per kg of diet among the others. From the results obtained, it was observed that diet D3 appeared to be the best and economically viable for sheep production. \u0000  \u0000  \u0000  \u0000La pénurie d'aliments et le coût élevé des ingrédients alimentaires conventionnels dans les tropiques et la vive concurrence entre l'homme et les autres animaux d'élevage ont nécessité la recherche de ressources alimentaires alternatives bon marché, disponibles à tout moment mais non toxiques pour les ruminants afin d'améliorer leur productivité. Par conséquent, cette étude a examiné les caractéristiques de fermentation et les performances des West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep nourris avec des niveaux gradués de déchets de fromage de soja (DFS). Trois régimes ont été formulés à des niveaux de 0 %, 10 % et 20 % de DFS respectivement en tant que D1, D2 et D3. Dix-huit moutons WAD pesant en moyenne 14 kg ont été répartis au hasard entre les traitements diététiques pendant 102 jours. La teneur en protéines brutes (PB) des régimes variait significativement (p < 0,05), la PB de D1 étant laplus faible (12,18 %) et la plus élevée de D3 (17,75 %). Le volume de gaz produit au bout de 24 heures d'incubation pour J3 était inférieur à celui de D1 et D2. Le volume de méthane produit était le plus faible en D3 et le plus élevé en D1. Les valeurs calculées de digestibilité de la matière organique (DMO), d'énergie métabolisable (EM) et d'acides gras à chaîne  courte (AGCC) étaient similaires, sauf pour D3 qui avait une DMO plus élevée que D1 et D2. L'apport quotidien en matière sèche (AQMS) des moutons WAD nourris au D3 était le plus élevé par rapport aux autres régimes. Une tendance similaire a été observée dans le gain","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76945234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary effect of garlic (Allium sativum) supplementation on growth performance, blood profile, carcass characteristics and cost benefit of broiler chicken","authors":"S. Odukoya, O. O. Awodola-Peters, M. Yahaya, A. Saka","doi":"10.51791/njap.v49i4.3703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v49i4.3703","url":null,"abstract":"Poultry scientists have been charged to opt for natural feed supplements to develop ideal, safe and cost effective feeds as against the synthetic ones. Thus, a 56 day feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of garlic bulb meal (GBM) as a natural feed additive on growth performance, blood profile, carcass characteristics and cost benefit of broiler chicken. A total of 150, one day old broiler chicks, were randomly allotted into four dietary treatments with three replicate of 12 birds each in a completely randomized design. Four diets were compounded to contain 0, 1, 5, 10 g/kg GBM respectively. Parameters assessed were feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, haematological, serum biochemical indices, carcass and cost benefits. Results showed that, GBM based diet significantly (P<0.05) influenced the feed conversion ratio across the dietary treatments as birds in D recorded the lowest FCR (1.64) values. The GBM supplementation groups had improved haematological parameters across the dietary treatments most especially in PCV (23.33 - 36.00%), Hb (7.66– 12.06 g/dL) and RBC (2.15 – 3.69 × 103 iu/L) values. Serum biochemical indices of broiler chicken observed in this study increased across the dietary treatments as GBM inclusion levels increased. Birds fed 5g/kg (13.66 and 4.10 g/L) and 10g/kg (14.13 and 4.23 g/L) GBM based diet recorded the highest total protein and globulin values. GBM supplemental diet had no (P>0.05) effect on carcass characteristics of broiler chicken except the spleen. The spleen (0.09 – 0.23%) of the experimental birds increased across the dietary treatments as GBM inclusion levels increased. It was therefore concluded that the garlic powder supplemented at 1g/kg in the diet of broiler chicken supported optimal performance of the birds. \u0000  \u0000  \u0000  \u0000Les scientifiques avicoles ont été chargés d'opter pour des compléments alimentaires naturels pour développer des aliments idéaux, sûrs et rentables par rapport aux aliments synthétiques. Ainsi, un essai d'alimentation de 56 jours a été mené pour déterminer l'effet de la farine de bulbes d'ail (FBA) en tant qu'additif alimentaire naturel sur les performances de croissance, le profil sanguin, les caractéristiques de la carcasse et le rapport coût-avantage du poulet à griller. Un total de 150 poussins de chair âgés d'un jour ont été répartis au hasard dans quatre traitements diététiques avec trois répétitions de 12 oiseaux chacune dans une conception entièrement randomisée. Quatre régimes ont été composés pour contenir respectivement 0, 1, 5, 10 g/kg de FBA. Les paramètres évalués étaient l'apport alimentaire, le gain de poids, l'indice de conversion alimentaire, les indices hématologiques et biochimiques sériques, la carcasse et les avantages en termes de coûts. Les résultats ont montré que le régime alimentaire à base de FBA influençait de manière significative (P<0,05) le taux de conversion alimentaire à travers les traitements diététiques, car les oiseaux de D2 e","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79776642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Bitterleaf (Vernonia amygdalina) meal on Haematology and Serum Chemistry of Broiler chickens","authors":"O. Ukoha, D. Onunkwo, I. O. Ewetola, C. N. Goodluck","doi":"10.51791/njap.v49i4.3706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v49i4.3706","url":null,"abstract":"Feeding is one of major components that determines performance of Broiler chickens. However, high cost of Broiler chicken production in the recent times has been equally attributed to extra cost incurred from the importation of some feed additives that enhance performance of the birds. Therefore, exploring locally available plant materials that have been proven to posses antibiotics properties could be considered important in order to  reduce cost of feeding due to importation of antibiotics. This study was conducted to evaluate effect of Bitterleaf (Vernonia amygdalina) meal in Broiler chicken diets on haematology and serum chemistry. Four experimental diets T (control, 0% BLM), T (5% BLM), T (10% 1 2 3 BLM) and T (15% BLM) were fed to 120 Broiler chickens replicated three times in a 4 Completely randomized design. Birds were offered feed and water ad-libitum. Data were collected on haematology and serum chemistry parameters. T was significantly (P<0.05) 3 higher than others on values of PCV and RBC. No significant (P>0.05) difference were recorded in Hb and WBC of T and T . Meanwhile, T was (P<0.05) higher than T and T in 2 3 4 2 3 WBC and T was (P<0.05) higher than that of T and T in MCH and MCHC. T and T were 2 3 4 2 3 (P<0.05) higher than T in lymphocytes, while T and T were (P<0.05) higher than T in the 4 3 4 2 monocytes. For serum chemistry, T was (P<0.05) higher than T and T in total protein and 3 2 4 albumin. There was (P<0.05) difference in the cholesterol content of the birds. Haematology and serum chemistry values recorded were within the standard ranges for good health condition of the Broiler chickens. Birds fed 5% Bitterleaf meal performed better than others. Therefore, 5% Bitterleaf meal in the diets of Broiler chickens producing birds with high immunity. \u0000  \u0000  \u0000  \u0000  \u0000L'alimentation est l'un des principaux composants qui déterminent les performances des poulets de chair. Cependant, le coût élevé de la production de poulets à griller ces derniers temps a également été attribué aux coûts supplémentaires occasionnés par l'importation de certains additifs alimentaires qui améliorent les performances des oiseaux. Par conséquent, l'exploration de matières végétales disponibles localement et dont il a été prouvé qu'elles possèdent des propriétés antibiotiques pourrait être considérée comme importante afin de réduire le coût de l'alimentation en raison de l'importation d'antibiotiques. Cette étude a été menée pour évaluer l'effet de la farine de Bitterleaf (Vernonia amygdalina) dans l'alimentation des poulets de chair sur l'hématologie et la chimie du sérum. Quatre régimes expérimentaux i. e T1 (témoin, 0 % BLM), T2 (5 % BLM), T3 (10 % BLM) et T4 (15 % BLM) ont été donnés à 120 poulets de chair répliqués trois fois dans un modèle entièrement randomisé. Les oiseaux ont reçu de la nourriture et de l'eau à volonté. Des données ont été recueillies sur les paramètres d'hématologie et de chimie sérique. T3 était significativement (P < 0,05) plu","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78839996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of commercially blended synbiotic product as a replacement for antibiotic growth promoters on growth performance and villi morphology of broiler chicks in dry hot season","authors":"K. N. Agbai, M. Afolayan, U. Obianwuna","doi":"10.51791/njap.v49i4.3698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v49i4.3698","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) have been widely used in poultry diets for years. The use of AGPs has been either regulated or banned because of public concerns over possible antibiotic residual problems and the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Consequently, there has been search for potential alternatives to AGPs. Probiotics and prebiotics have been suggested as useful dietary means for compensating the loss in productive performance when AGPs are removed from poultry diets. The study aimed at evaluating the combined effect of dietary probiotics and prebiotics on bird growth performance as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoter. Six hundred day old chicks were used for this study and were intensively managed. The chicks were randomly assigned into five treatments in a complete randomized design and administered as 0g, 1g, 2g, 3g of Poultrystar® Sol with oxytetracycline as positive control. Growth parameters (total feed intake, weight gain and FCR) were studied. Collected data were subjected to one-way Analysis of variance and significant differences in the means were separated using Dunnet® test at 95% probability. Result showed a significant (p<0.05) influence of Poultrystar® Sol on  weight gain, feed intake, FCR and cost of total feed intake. The birds on 3g Poultrystar Sol had better weight gain (1276.20g), FCR (0.74) and less cost of total feed intake (N123.70) when compared with birds on 0% inclusion, oxytetracycline and birds on other levels of Poultrystar® Sol. No mortality was recorded. Result showed a significant (p<0.05) influence of Poultrystar® Sol on villi morphology section of ileum of broiler . There were significant (P < 0.05) differences in all parameters measured. Birds on diet containing 3g inclusion of 2 Poultrystar® Sol had significantly (P<0.05) higher villi area (µm, 356210 µm ), villi perimeter (851.19 µm), villi height (345.95 µm) villi width (181.39 µm) and crypt depth (130.52 µm) when compared with birds on diet containing 0 inclusion (116652 µm, 493.60 ® µm , 203.50 µm , 113.81 µm and 87.58, respectively) of Poultrystar Sol, diet containing 2oxytetracycline (171659 µm , 780.81 µm , 309.33 µm, 157.87 µm and 92.47 µm, respectively) and birds on other treatments. It concluded that 3g/100kg inclusion of Poultrystar® Sol could be used to replace antibiotics in diets of broiler chicks to achieved better bird performance, reduced production cost, manage stress and produce healthier poultry products for human safe consumption. \u0000  \u0000  \u0000  \u0000Les promoteurs de croissance antibiotiques (PCAs) sont largement utilisés dans l'alimentation des volailles depuis des années. L'utilisation des AGP a été soit réglementée, soit interdite en raison des inquiétudes du public concernant d'éventuels problèmes résiduels d'antibiotiques et le développement de bactéries résistantes aux antibiotiques. Par conséquent, il y a eu une recherche d'alternatives potentielles aux PCAs. Les probiotiques et les prébiotiques ont été suggér","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81953594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Distribution and Management of Muturu Cattle in Southwest Nigeria: Implications for genetic conservation","authors":"F. T. Ajayi, O. Akintayo, A. Tiamiyu, T. Omodele, S. O. Omotoso","doi":"10.51791/njap.v49i4.3710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v49i4.3710","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to identify the production locations of the Muturu breed of cattle which is an indigenous breed in Nigeria. The breed is endangered as the population has been reducing with time. To reverse this trend and enhance its conservation and renew production, its distribution and production constraints need to be documented. A survey was conducted in sixteen communities in Southwest Nigeria where sixty-eight Muturu cattle farmers were interviewed using structured questionnaire. Data obtained were analyzed using simple statistics. Results revealed that the age range of the rearers was between 31 and 60 years and majority of them are males (88.2%) with over 20 years experience. Many of the farmers had no formal training in cattle rearing and management while 4.4% had training in cattle production. The primary occupation of the rearers (63.9%) is farming while 36.1% had other  vocations apart from Muturu cattle farming. The farmers (55.8%) flock-mate their cattle while 27.9% of the farmers tether-mated their cattle. Average herd size was four, a low figure in relation to the few farmers rearing the Muturu breed in Southwest Nigeria. In order for this endangered cattle breed not to go extinct, efforts must be made towards its genetic conservation. \u0000  \u0000  \u0000  \u0000  \u0000Cette étude visait à identifier les lieux de production de la race bovine Muturu qui est une race indigène au Nigeria. La race est en voie de disparition car la population a diminué avec le temps. Pour inverser cette tendance et améliorer sa conservation et renouveler sa production, ses contraintes de distribution et de production doivent être documentées. Une enquête a été menée dans seize communautés du sud-ouest du Nigeria où soixante-huit éleveurs de bétail Muturu ont été interrogés à l'aide d'un questionnaire structuré. Les données obtenues ont été analysées à l'aide de statistiques simples. Les résultats ont révélé que la tranche d'âge des éleveurs se situait entre 31 et 60 ans et que la majorité d'entre eux étaient des hommes (88,2 %) ayant plus de 20 ans d'expérience. Beaucoup d'agriculteurs n'avaient aucune formation formelle en élevage et gestion de bétail tandis que 4,4% avaient une formation en production bovine. L'occupation principale des éleveurs (63,9%) est l'agriculture tandis que 36,1% ont d'autres vocations en dehors de l'élevage bovin Muturu. Les agriculteurs (55,8 %) s'accouplent avec leur bétail tandis que 27,9 % des agriculteurs s'accouplent avec leur bétail. La taille moyenne des troupeaux était de quatre, un chiffre faible par rapport aux quelques agriculteurs élevant la race Muturu dans le sud-ouest du Nigeria. Pour que cette race bovine menacée ne disparaisse pas, des efforts doivent être faits pour sa conservation génétique.","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72560554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotype impact on body weight and linear body measurements of main and reciprocal crosses of Isa Brown and local chickens","authors":"U. C. Isaac, H. C. Ezejesi","doi":"10.51791/njap.v49i3.3524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v49i3.3524","url":null,"abstract":"The indigenous chickens of Nigeria are known for low productivity due to their unimproved genetic condition. However, the chickens are well adapted to hash environmental conditions and resistant to many endemic diseases. A lot of research works have been carried out with the aim of improving the local chickens, but little or no sustainable results are yet to be achieved. The present study seeks to improve growth traits of frizzle feathered, naked neck and normal feathered chickens through main and reciprocal crossbreeding with exotic Isa Brown chicken. Genotype impact on body weight (BWT), shank length (SL), drumstick length (DL), body girth (BG), body width (BW), keel length (KL), body length (BL) and wing length (WL) of 531 crossbred chickens was studied at 2, 10 and 20 weeks of age. The chickens were produced in 12 hatches at day-old. They comprised 123 Isa Brown x frizzle feathered, 49 Isa Brown x naked neck, 116 Isa Brown x normal feathered, 137 frizzle feathered x Isa Brown, 42 naked neck x Isa Brown and 64 normal feathered x Isa Brown genotypes. Data were subjected to two-way analysis of variance. The NxIB, IBxN and IBxNa genotypes recorded higher significant (P<0.05) mean BWT at 2 (59.12±1.07 g), 10 (451.92±6.10 g) and 20(1133.66±12.00 g) weeks of age. Higher significant (P<0.05) meanSL (2.61 ±0.05cm), BW (10.06±0.12 cm), KL (3.44±0.06 cm), BL (11.26± 0.18cm) and WL (5.69 ±0.07cm) were obtained from IBxN while DL (4.74± 0.07cm) and BG (8.38± 0.08 cm) were obtained from NaxIB genotype at 2 weeks. At 10 weeks of age, higher significant (P<0.05) mean SL (5.24± 0.06 cm) and DL (10.44± 6.92 cm) from IBxNa; BG (16.74 ± 0.20 cm) and BW (20.59± 0.18 cm) from IBxN; KL (7.01± 0.07 cm) from NxIB; BL (26.78±1.42 cm) from FxIB and WL (13.72± 0.09 cm) from IBxF genotypes were recorded. The SL, DL, KL of IBxNa; BW of FxIB and BL of NaxIB genotypes had higher significant means at 20 weeks. The NxIB and IBxN genotypes which depicted outstanding growth performace at 2-10 weeks should be selected for improvement of fast growing chcikens while IBxNa, FxIB, NaxIB genotypes which recorded better performance at 20 weeks may be considered for development of egg-type chickens. \u0000  \u0000  \u0000  \u0000Les poulets indigènes du Nigéria sont connus pour une faible productivité en raison de leur état génétique non amélioré. Cependant, les poulets sont bien adaptés aux conditions environnementales de hachage et résistantes à de nombreuses maladies endémiques. Beaucoup de travaux de recherche ont été réalisés dans le but d'améliorer les poulets locaux, mais peu ou pas de résultats durables ne doivent pas encore être atteints. L'étude actuelle cherche à améliorer les traits de croissance de frisée à plumes, au cou nu et à des poulets à plumes normaux à travers une traversée principale et réciproque avec du poulet exotique Isa Brown. Impact de génotype sur le poids corporel (PC), la longueur de la tige (LT), la longueur de la batterie (LB), la girthe corporelle (GC), la largeur du corp","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81922597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation and cost assessment of three protein lick block supplements in Adamawa State","authors":"M. Yahya, N. Haruna, M. A. Ahmed","doi":"10.51791/njap.v49i3.3561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v49i3.3561","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional livestock owners have recently been discouraged from incorporating the conventional block licks available in the market to the livestock diets. This is due to high cost, which makes it unaffordable to the majority of the small-scale farmers. These farmers are unaware that the lick blocks can be formulated with the non-conventional local resources. This experiment was conducted to substitute the conventional molasses with nonconventional local resources, assess the cost of compounding different Protein Lick Blocks (PLB) and determine their acceptability by Yankasa Rams in 90 days. Three varieties of PLB were compounded using the conventional molasses and non-conventional sweet potatoes and mango pulps and designated into four treatments; T1, T2, T3 and T4. While T1 was a control group and contained only basal feed with no PLB, T2, T3 and T4 contained basal feeds and molasses, potatoes and mango pulps lick blocks respectively. A total number of 16 rams divided into four were assigned into each treatment. The parameters used for this study were feed intake rate and the cost of compounding the non-conventional lick blocks. The results showed that T2 was more acceptable, recording a higher daily intake of lick block of 110g, followed by T4, then T3 recording 83g and 75g respectively. On the economic aspect, Rams in T2 were found to consume more, recording higher daily expenditure of ? 29.26, followed by T3 then T4, with daily expenditure of ? 15 and ? 10 respectively. This experiment shows that, sweeter ingredients were more palatable than the less sweet ones, hence consumed more. Economically, although protein lick block containing mango pulp was consumed more than that of potatoes, it was found to be cheaper than all the other two protein lick block. \u0000  \u0000  \u0000  \u0000  \u0000Les propriétaires de bétail traditionnels ont récemment été découragés d'incorporer les blocs à lécher conventionnels disponibles sur le marché aux régimes alimentaires du bétail. Cela est dû à son coût élevé, qui le rend inabordable pour la majorité des petits agriculteurs. Ces agriculteurs ignorent que les blocs à lécher peuvent être formulés avec les ressources locales non conventionnelles. Cette expérience a été menée pour remplacer la mélasse conventionnelle par des ressources locales non conventionnelles, évaluer le coût de la composition de différents blocs protéiques à lécher (BPL) et déterminer leur acceptabilité parYankasa Rams en 90 jours. Trois variétés de BPL ont été composées en utilisant la mélasse conventionnelle et les patates douces non conventionnelles et les pulpes de mangue et désignées en quatre traitements ; T1, T2, T3 et T4. Alors que T1 était un groupe témoin etne contenait que des aliments de base sans BPL, T2, T3 et T4 contenaient respectivement des aliments de base et des blocs à lécher de mélasse, de pommes de terre et de pulpe de mangue. Un nombre total de 16 béliers divisés en quatre ont été affectés à chaque traitement. Les paramètres utilisés pou","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74615184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discriminant analysis of growth traits in indigenous, crossbred and exotic turkeys in Nigeria: A review","authors":"M. O. Oyebanjo, P. L. Komolafe, R. B. Fagbenro, M. O. Ajayi, V. O. Ajayi, E. O. Obi, P. David, B. Ajao, A. J. Adejumobi, E. I. Okiweli, M. A. Afolayanka, A. Balogun, O. Badmus, M. Olanrewaju, M. Oke, O. Babayemi","doi":"10.51791/njap.v49i3.3527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v49i3.3527","url":null,"abstract":"In rural areas where measuring scales are expensive and unavailable, linear body measurements can be used as predictors of body weight. Breast girth (BG), body length (BL), wing span (WS), wing length (WL), and thigh length (TL) of Nigerian local turkeys are the best discriminating variables in differentiating the birds, according to recent studies. There are also significant physical differences between the sexes, as well as differences in trait associations within each sex. Genetic differences may account for the majority of morphological differences in turkeys. In developing and underdeveloped countries, discriminant analysis provides a practical analytical framework for characterizing and managing turkey's genetic resources. To fully understand the genetic variation among indigenous, crossbred, and exotic turkeys, this study should be followed up with molecular approaches. The ability to distinguish the growth traits of indigenous or native, exotic and crossbred turkeys in Nigeria using multivariate discriminant analysis could aid in the implementation of a conservation and improvement strategy for indigenous turkeys, ensuring the long-term development of animals using their genetic merits. \u0000  \u0000  \u0000Dans les zones rurales où les échelles de mesure sont chères et indisponibles, les mesures corporelles linéaires peuvent être utilisées comme prédicteurs du poids corporel. La circonférence de la poitrine (CP), la longueur du corps (LC), l'envergure des ailes (EA), la longueur des ailes (LA) et la longueur des cuisses (LC) des dindes locales nigérianes sont les meilleures variables discriminantes pour différencier les oiseaux, selon des études récentes. Il existe également des différences physiques significatives entre les sexes, ainsi que des différences dans les associations de traits au sein de chaque sexe. Les différences génétiques peuvent expliquer la majorité des différences morphologiques chez les dindes. Dans les pays en développement et sous-développés, l'analyse discriminante fournit un cadre analytique pratique pour caractériser et gérer les ressources génétiques de la dinde. Pour bien comprendre la variation génétique parmi les dindes indigènes, croisées et exotiques, cette étude devrait être suivie d'approches moléculaires. La capacité de distinguer les traits de croissance des dindes indigènes ou indigènes, exotiques et croisées au Nigeria à l'aide d'une analyse discriminante multivariée pourrait aider à la mise en œuvre d'une stratégie de conservation et d'amélioration des dindes indigènes, assurant le développement à long terme des animaux en utilisant leurs mérites génétiques.","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73885990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}