Occupational medicine and health affairs最新文献

{"title":"Depressive Symptoms and Risk of Occupational and Non-occupational Injury inthe US Working Population","authors":"Jaeyoung Kim","doi":"10.4172/2329-6879.1000200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6879.1000200","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to examine the association between depressive symptoms and the subsequent incidence of injury by its work-relatedness in the US working population. This study analysed pooled panel data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) for 31,138 workers, aged 18 to 64 years, during the years 2000-06. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the EuroQoL (EQ-5D), a general mental distress scale (K-6) and Patients Health Questionnaire 2 item depression screener (PHQ-2). Injuries were identified from the medical conditions captured in personal interviews and coded using the ICD-9 by coders trained in the MEPS. A discrete time proportional odds model was used to calculate the relative risks. A total of 7.9% of workers had depressive symptoms at the baseline. Among workers with depressive symptoms at baseline, 13.1% reported a nonoccupational injury, 6.2% reported an occupational injury during follow-up. Workers with depressive symptoms are at an increased, but a similar risk of both occupational and non-occupational injury. For workers treated with antidepressants, the analysis did not reveal a different pattern of association with either type of injury occurrence. This association between depressive symptoms and injury diminished over time. Earlier intervention for workers with depressive symptoms in the workplace could be beneficial for preventing injuries.","PeriodicalId":19397,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine and health affairs","volume":"74 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76060771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency, Intensity, Time And Type Of Tasks Performed During Wildfire Suppression","authors":"M. Phillips, K. Netto, W. Payne, D. Nichols, Cara Lord, Neil Brooksbank, B. Aisbett","doi":"10.4172/2329-6879.1000199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6879.1000199","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To quantify the frequency, intensity, duration, and type of tasks performed by Australian rural fire crews when suppressing wildfires. \u0000Methods: Twenty-eight Australian rural firefighters worked across four, six-hour shifts fighting to curtail the spread of wildfire. Each firefighter wore a heart rate monitor and personal global positioning system (GPS) unit and was followed by a researcher filming their work activity. Video footage of each firefighter was synchronized with their heart rate and GPS data to quantify the frequency, intensity and duration of individual fireground tasks. Fireground tasks were isolated using a previously conducted job task analysis. \u0000Results: Firefighters performed 32 distinct fireground tasks. Task frequencies ranged from once to 103 times per six-hour shift. Individual tasks lasted 4 ± 2 s to 461 ± 387 s, were performed at speeds ranging from 0.12 ± 0.08 m•s-1 to 0.79 ± 0.40 m•s-1 and elicited mean heart rates that ranged between 97 ± 16 beats•min-1 (55.7 ± 8.7 percentage of age-predicted maximum heart rate (HRmax)) and 157 ± 15 beats•min-1 (86.2 ± 10.8%HRmax). \u0000Conclusion: Fireground tasks were, generally speaking, shorter, slower, and elicited lower heart rates than equivalent tasks previously simulated and reported in the literature. The differences between naturally occurring and simulated tasks question the value of isolated task simulations for conducting physical demands analyses en-route to developing job-specific fitness tests.","PeriodicalId":19397,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine and health affairs","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80404799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxygen Uptake and Heart Rate during Simulated Wildfire Suppression Tasks Performed by Australian Rural Firefighters","authors":"M. Phillips, W. Payne, K. Netto, Shane Cramer, D. Nichols, G. McConell, Cara Lord, B. Aisbett","doi":"10.4172/2329-6879.1000198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6879.1000198","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Australian rural fire crews safeguard the nation against the annual devastation of wildfire. We have previously reported that experienced firefighters identified seven physically demanding tasks for Australian rural fire crews suppressing wildfires. These firefighters rated the operational importance, typical duration, core fitness components, and likely frequency of the seven tasks. The intensity of these duties remains unknown. The aim of this study was to quantify the oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR) and movement speed responses during simulations of these physically demanding wildfire suppression tasks. \u0000Method: Twenty six rural firefighters (20 men, six women) performed up to seven tasks, during which time their HR and movement speed were recorded. The VO2 for each task was also calculated from the analysis of expired air collected in Douglas bags. Firefighters’ HR and movement speed were measured using HR monitors and portable global positioning system units, respectively. \u0000Results: The hose work tasks elicited a VO2 of 21-27 mL·kg-1·min-1 and peak HR of 77-87% age-predicted maximal HR (HRmax). Hand tool tasks were accompanied by VO2 of 28-34 mL·kg-1·min-1 and peak HR of 85-95%HRmax. Firefighters’ movement speed spanned 0.2 ± 0.1 to 1.8 ± 0.2 m·s-1 across the seven tasks. The cardiovascular responses in the hand tool tasks were, in most cases, higher (P<0.05) than during those elicited by the hose work tasks. \u0000Conclusions: The cardiovascular responses elicited during simulations of physically demanding wildfire suppression approximated those reported for similar tasks in urban and forestry fire fighting jurisdictions. The findings may prompt Australian rural fire agencies to consider cardiovascular disease risk screening and physical selection testing to ensure that healthy and fit firefighters are deployed to the fire ground.","PeriodicalId":19397,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine and health affairs","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87650022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnitude of Occupational Injuries and Associated Factors among Small-Scale Industry Workers in Mekelle City, Northern Ethiopia","authors":"A. Berhe, Dejen Yemane, Azeb Gebresilassie, Wendwossen Terefe, Lalit T. Ingale","doi":"10.4172/2329-6879.1000197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6879.1000197","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Occupational injuries are important public health problems that comprise a major part of injury burden in Ethiopia. The present study investigates the magnitude and associated factors with occupational injuries among small-scale industry workers in Mekelle city, Northern Ethiopia in 2013. \u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 774 small-scale industry workers from March to April 2013. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select the study participant’s. A pre-tested and structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on the occurrence of occupational injuries and allied factors. Data was analyzed using STATA software version 12. Bi-variate and multivariate analysis was carried out to ascertain the association between dependent and independent variables. \u0000Results: A total of 758 (97.9%) small-scale industry workers were interviewed. A one-year prevalence rate of at least one occupational injury among the small-scale industry workers was 58.2%. Use of personal protective equipments [AOR=3.43, 95%CI: 2.39-4.94], age of respondent’s [AOR=1.51, 95%CI: 1.02 - 2.25], number of years worked in the same job [AOR=2.89, 95%CI: 1.88-4.43], number of hours worked per week [AOR=2.73, 95%CI: 1.92- 3.87], and the job category; metalworkers [AOR=3.17, 95%CI: 2.07-4.85] and wood workers [AOR=2.34, 95%CI: 1.39-3.92] were found to be significantly associated factors with occupational injury among small-scale industry workers. \u0000Conclusion: This study concludes that the prevalence of occupational injuries among small-scale industry workers was considerably high. Hence, promoting occupational safety and health through appropriate prevention programs and provision of comprehensive occupational health and safety services with the provisions of personal protective devices, and focused interventions for young, less experienced, workers who work for extended hours (>48 hours per week) and workers working on metal and wood works are highly advised.","PeriodicalId":19397,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine and health affairs","volume":"84 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90159206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIV /AIDS and the Oral Manifestations Associated with the Disease","authors":"M. Cecaro, K. Naidu","doi":"10.4172/2329-6879.1000E108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6879.1000E108","url":null,"abstract":"HIV/AIDS is considered one of the world’s largest pandemics affecting millions of people across the globe. For the latter part of the twenty century, HIV/AIDS has dominated much of the headlines with regard to media attention owing to the devastating consequences that it inflicts to those infected with this dreadful disease. It has attracted both international medical and political attention. It has a great impact on society both as an illness, that of discrimination and economic impact. Hence it’s always been the focus of mass attention particularly the media. The media plays a large role with regard to providing the most valuable, up to date and informative healthcare information regarding this pandemic. This ensures that the public is well informed, educated but above all a public that is armed with the necessary knowledge to counter act this growing pandemic. An important aspect surrounding public information is proper information handed to them by the relevant healthcare professionals. The aim of this short informative editorial is to focus on oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS. It is hoped that valuable information can be gathered by the public regarding these important clinical manifestations and in doing so assist them with identifying some of the signs and symptoms that will prompt them to seek help.","PeriodicalId":19397,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine and health affairs","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80056682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Vascular Occlusion in Concentration of Growth Hormone andLactate in Athletes during Strengthening Quadriceps Exercise","authors":"S. N. Leite, A. C. Reis, Gustavo Lacreta Toledo Colnezi, F. H. Souza, Haroldo Fernando Silva Ferracini, P. Lucareli, S. S. Lodovichi","doi":"10.4172/2329-6879.1000195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6879.1000195","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of this comparative experimental study designed is analyze the possible changes in GH serum and lactate during the performance of resistance exercise-induced ischemia in young athletes. A possible outcome will be to promote greater strength gains and muscle hypertrophy during the training protocol. \u0000Design: This survey was conducted with 18 male football players 18 years of age. The athletes were divided into two groups; one group was subjected only to quadriceps exercises; the other group was subjected to quadriceps exercises associated with vascular occlusion. Levels of lactate and GH were observed before and after resistance exercise. \u0000Results: Comparing intergroup data, there were no statistically significant results. However, when comparing data within the groups, there was an increase in Group 2 obtained for both the lactate threshold and GH. Group 1 showed an increase in the lactate threshold, but a decrease in GH. \u0000Conclusions: This new method of resistance training should be analyzed, and further experiments are needed to optimize the protocol to reach optimum high intensity resistance training in young athletes.","PeriodicalId":19397,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine and health affairs","volume":"39 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88468308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Warning Preparedness, Surveillance and a New Understanding may be Our Solution to Multi-drug Resistant Organisms","authors":"Cecaro Massimo, Yog, ree Ramsamy","doi":"10.4172/2329-6879.1000E107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6879.1000E107","url":null,"abstract":"In reality, humans do need bacteria to carry out normal physiological functions in addition serve as a protective barrier against colonization with more pathogenic and virulent strains of organisms. The human host forms a niche and provides nutrition for colonizing microbes. The microbe in turn occupies a space that a potential parasite or pathogen may otherwise invade. This relationship that has been in existence since the begging of man has been essentially mutualistic until now....","PeriodicalId":19397,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine and health affairs","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88832133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Manual Force on Lumbar Side Bending Range of Motion","authors":"Tomonori Sato","doi":"10.4172/2329-6879.1000194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6879.1000194","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: We evaluated the immediate changes in intervertebral motion after application of lumbar manual force. \u0000Methods: Fifteen male volunteers (aged 26–43 years) with no history of significant low back pain were recruited to participate as a study group (manual traction). Control group (without manual traction) consisted of fifteen male volunteers who are matched with age (age 21-45 years). Consenting volunteers were referred for three radiographs (neutral position, right side bending position prior to manual force and right side bending position after manual force). The L3/4 segment was chosen for manual force, which was performed by a single examiner. Frontal angular rotation of each lumbar spine segment and total lumbar spinal motion were measured radio graphically before and after manual force by a single investigator (radiologist). Within-group differences were assessed with the paired t test. \u0000Results: Analysis of the pre-and post-manual force radiographs showed a significant average increase at the L3/4 segment from 4.9° to 6.4° and an improvement in the total range of motion from 17.8° to 19.5° in the study group. No significant increase was found at the L1/2, L2/3, or L4/5 segments in the study group. In the control group, there were no significant changes in all measurements. \u0000Conclusion: These results suggest that manual force targeting the L3/4 segment results in an immediate increase in the angular motion of the L3/4 segment and improvement in total motion of the lumbar spine.","PeriodicalId":19397,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine and health affairs","volume":"221 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77784777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Camel Bites - A Unique Experience","authors":"D. Sharma, S. Devgarha, R. Mathur","doi":"10.4172/2329-6879.1000192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6879.1000192","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Camel bites injuries are occupational and seasonal hazards which can cause serious limb, neck and chest injuries, potentially threatening the vascularity of the limbs with skin and soft tissue injuries. Proper health education of the people involved in handling camels and precautions and protective mask to camel's mouth during late winter and early summer can avoid these injuries. Proper referral, urgent revascularization can restore the vascularity of limb and prevent limb loss. Material and methods: We from the Department of CTVS, Sawai Mansingh Medical College and Hospitals, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India carried out a study of all the camel bite cases those presented to us or were referred to us for vascular and thoracic injuries, the factors that were responsible for the bite, its treatment and consequences were fully analyzed and studied. Observations: Between August 2008 to December 2013, 31 cases of Camel bite were encountered, out of which 23 cases were arterial injuries and 6 were thoracic wall bites and 2 were neck injuries. All were caused by domesticated camels, involved dominant side upper limbs/neck in 17 out of 23 arterial injury cases, dominant side of chest wall in 4 out of 6 thoracic wall bites, all bites were unprovoked, occurred during work or feeding, seasonally most occurred between december to march (during late winter and early summer) which can be co-related to mating season of camels. Results: 100% limb salvage was achieved with end to end repair in 13 cases and reverse saphenous vein interposition graft in 10 cases, with trunk flap in 2 and latissimus dorsi flap in 1 to give soft tissue cover. One case of Right axillary artery injury was encountered which was treated with subclavian to brachial bypass. 4 thoracic wall bites had hemothorax which were treated with intercostal tube drainage.","PeriodicalId":19397,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine and health affairs","volume":"76 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86174839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Pyriproxyfen on Viability and Increase of Intracellular Lipids in HepG2 Cell Line","authors":"M. Lamberti, A. Stellavato, A. Pirozzi, A. D'Agostino, G. Panariello, N. Sannolo, C. Schiraldi","doi":"10.4172/2329-6879.1000189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6879.1000189","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Introduction: Pyriproxyfen, (2-[1-methyl-2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy) ethoxy] pyridine) (PPF) is an insecticidal used in household, agricultural, and horticultural applications to control many insect species. We tested its hepatic toxicity in hepatoma HepG2 cell line, we also evaluate if PPF could induce nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. \u0000Materials and methods: The hepatoma HepG2 cell line was exposed for 24-48 hrs with serum-free DMEM to the active principles at different concentrations. The cell viability was assessed by measuring reduction of the tetrazolium dye 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). For the evaluation of in vitro steatosis, the cells were rinsed with cold phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde. Images of cell were captured using an optic microscope and stained lipid droplets were then extracted with isopropanol (60%) for quantification by measuring its absorbance at 510 nm. \u0000Results: The MTT-test showed that PPF is cytotoxic at all concentrations tested both at 24 h and 48 h. Cell viability is below 50% for concentrations 1-10 ppm while the viability is less than 10% for the concentration 100 ppm. PPF induces the increasing intracellular lipids from 1 ppm concentration. The maximum effect is observed at 100 ppm. \u0000Discussion: In our in vitro study we found a loss of cell viability of about 50% for concentrations from 1-10 ppm by the MTT-Test that measures mitochondrial enzyme activity. Because the mitochondrial enzyme activity affected major changes at the starting/beginning of the apoptotic this condition suggested that PPF is strongly cytotoxic to human hepatocytes in the presented assays. Already at 1 ppm concentration PPF induces the increasing intracellular lipids, in HepG2 in vitro culture.","PeriodicalId":19397,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine and health affairs","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81461022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}