Novelty in Biomedicine最新文献

{"title":"Examination of the Steps and Attachment Circumstances of the Poly Lactic-co-glycolic Acid (PLGA) Nano-particle to Increase the Effect of Nanomedicine on Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Faecalis","authors":"Bahare Rafian, A. Eghdami, G. Moradi","doi":"10.22037/NBM.V6I4.21596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/NBM.V6I4.21596","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Infectious diseases continue to be one of the biggest health challenges around the world, followed by problems caused by antibiotic resistance and excessive use of antibiotics. In general, Enterococcus faecalis is the main cause of nosocomial infections and is the most common cause of surgical ulcer infections. This study examines how a vancomycin nanomedicine attaches to poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticle. Determining the role of vancomycin nanomedicine on reducing the drug resistance of vancomycin in E. faecalis (clinical hospital isolates) and determining the cytotoxicity effects of nanomedicine. M aterials and Methods: In this method, first, attachment made through chemical processes such as emulsion between vancomycin antibiotic and a PLGA nanoparticle, and resultant antibiotic tested on vancomycin resistant E. faecalis . R es ults: The results of this study indicate that the method of nanomedicine attachment to antibiotics was an effective method and it was determined by X-ray Diffraction that the attachment was precisely performed. In the antibiogram method, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the nanomedicine increased in respect to vancomycin antibiotic. Conclusion: The results showed that produced Nano-antibiotics had a better effect than resistant antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":19372,"journal":{"name":"Novelty in Biomedicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"157-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84478898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Assessment of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV Scoring System in Outcome of Patients fallowing Acute Poisoning","authors":"Farideh Khodabandeh, S. Shadnia, Matien Pormatine","doi":"10.22037/NBM.V6I4.21277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/NBM.V6I4.21277","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The present study aims to assess the ability of the acute physiology, chronic health evaluation IV (APACHE IV) scoring system to predict in-hospital mortality of intensive care unit (ICU) patients with acute poisoning. M aterials and Methods: Using data from 622 consecutive ICU admitted poisoned patients, Loghman-e-Hakim Hospital, Tehran, during May 2015-April 2016. Various statistical tools used to assess the correlation, significance, and predictability. R es ults: Overall APACHE IV scoring system was statistically significant (P=.001). Death rate prediction, increased from 79.4% to 86.8 % by model, with SMR =0.83%. A meaningful association between APACHE-IV score and the risk of mortality with good discrimination and, calibration (p value of 0.978) was evident. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that the APACHE IV system performs acceptably in our patients with acute poisoning and can be utilized as a performance assessment tool in poisoning centers.","PeriodicalId":19372,"journal":{"name":"Novelty in Biomedicine","volume":"58 4 1","pages":"174-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89553953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Narrative Exposure Therapy on the Severity of Posttraumatic Stress and the Co-Morbid Symptoms of Iranian Survivors of Mina Disaster","authors":"E. H. Manesh, S. A. Mar'ashi, T. Doroudi, M. Saberi, Seyed Hossein Modjtahedi, P. Kolivand, Abbas Masjedi Arani","doi":"10.22037/NBM.V6I4.23200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/NBM.V6I4.23200","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mass gathering has not received much attention of researches as one of the potentially traumatic events in the field of psychological studies. Mina (Mecca, Saudi Arabia) disaster during 2015 hajj occurred in this context. Individuals may be at risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and somatic symptoms following traumatic events. Narrative exposure therapy (NET (has been known as a therapeutic protocol for PTSD and trauma-related disorders. The present study was carried out aimed to investigate the effectiveness of narrative exposure therapy on the severity of posttraumatic stress symptoms and the co-morbid symptoms of Iranian survivors of Mina disaster. M aterials and Methods: The present study is based on single-case experimental design (SCED) with baseline. Eight Survivors of Mina disaster who met the criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder and completed inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups NET and control. The experimental group participant received twelve NET sessions individually. Data collection tool included PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and Beck depression inventory-II (BDI-II), patient health questionnaire 15 (PHQ-15). Data was analyzed using the cut-off point, percentage improvement index, RCI and the Hedges' g effect size. R es ults: Total percentage improvement of participant receiving NET for PTSD, was 68.25%, depression 63.25%, and somatic symptoms was 53.75%. All changes in the participant receiving NET were clinically significant in severity of PTSD, depression and somatic symptoms (RCI≥1.96). C onclusion: According to the results of this study, NET has a significant effect on the reduction of PTSD symptoms and its co-morbid symptoms.","PeriodicalId":19372,"journal":{"name":"Novelty in Biomedicine","volume":"52 1","pages":"185-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90976289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of Oculocardiac Reflex in Pediatric Population Undergoing Corrective Strabismus Surgery: Comparison between Sevoflurane and Total Intravenous Anesthesia","authors":"F. Roodneshin, M. P. Z. N. Kermany, Pooya Rostami, Omid Niksan","doi":"10.22037/NBM.V6I4.23199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/NBM.V6I4.23199","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Oculocardiac reflex (OCR) is a life threatening, possible complication of corrective strabismus surgery and is more common among the pediatric patients. Sevoflurane and Propofol are the most commonly used agents in pediatric surgery. This study aimed to compare the effect of these two agents on oculocardiac reflex during corrective strabismus surgery in pediatrics patients. M aterials and Methods: A total of 89 children were divided in two groups and no significant demographic data difference was between the two groups. Group 1 (n=45) received sevoflurane 6-8% as induction agent followed by 2-3% for maintenance, group 2 (n=44) was injected with propofol 3mg/kg as induction agent followed by 200µg/kg/min infusion as the maintenance dose, bispectral index (BIS) was kept 40-60 in both groups. Oculocardiac reflex was compared between the two groups. R es ults: Incidence of OCR of group 1was showed a significant decrease. C onclusion: Sevoflurane reduced the incidence of OCR. Sevoflurane may be the agent of choice in corrective strabismus surgery, compared to propofol.","PeriodicalId":19372,"journal":{"name":"Novelty in Biomedicine","volume":"67 4 1","pages":"180-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90713337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Gram-negative Bacteria Isolated from Patients with Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Intensive Care Units of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahwaz, Iran","authors":"S. Borsi, Maryam Haddadzadeh Shoushtari, Hanieh Raji, F. Ghalavand","doi":"10.22037/nbm.v6i4.23198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/nbm.v6i4.23198","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common nosocomial infection among hospitalized patients who have undergone intubation and mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours. Patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) are at risk of developing life-threatening VAP due to specific conditions, especially with Gram-negative pathogens with advanced drug resistance. Hereby, the control of these agents and its monitoring is of particular importance. In this study, the pattern of antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from tracheal culture of patients with VAP investigated in ICU of Imam Khomeini Hospital of Ahwaz. M aterials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, tracheal samples were collected during April 2016 to April 2017 from patients who were on mechanical ventilation in ICU of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahwaz, Khuzestan province, southwest of Iran. After isolation, bacterial strains were identified using biochemical tests. Then, antimicrobial resistance pattern of these isolates investigated using standard disc diffusion according to clinical and laboratory standards institute 2016 (CLSI 2016) guidelines. R es ults: A total of 111 bacterial isolates were identified which were as following; Acinetobacter baumannii , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Escherichia coli , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia , and Serratia marcescens , with prevalence of 54%, 19.8%, 14.4%, 6.4%, 4.5%, and 0.9%, respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility test of isolates showed that almost all isolates had high resistance to treatment antibiotics and were multi-drug resistance (MDR). The A . baumannii isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and piperacillin-tazobactam, but ampicillin-tazobactam had a good effect. C onclusion: The results of this study showed that patients admitted to ICU due to their conditions of treatment are more likely to develop VAP by Gram-negative pathogens. The empirical treatment of VAP due to predominant bacterial causes and emerging drug resistance has become more challenging. It requires to use of multidrug regimens for routine clinical practice. It should be noted that in order to appropriate antimicrobial therapy, precise and correct diagnosis is very important.","PeriodicalId":19372,"journal":{"name":"Novelty in Biomedicine","volume":"84 1","pages":"167-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90832378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of HIV Infection among Hemodialysis Patients","authors":"D. Yadegarynia, Sara Rahmati Roodsari, Zahra Arab-Mazar","doi":"10.22037/NBM.V6I3.21738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/NBM.V6I3.21738","url":null,"abstract":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) belongs to human retrovirus family and transmitted by blood transfusion and blood products. 36.9 million People were living with HIV infection worldwide in 2014 approximately 1 , during which 2 million (1.9–2.2 million) new infections with HIV had occurred. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients treated by hemodialysis (HD) are more susceptible for infection by human immunodeficiency virus infection. Renal failure can be an associated condition or could be a direct consequence of HIV infection 2 , 3 . Advanced HIV disease which is indicates by a low CD4 cell count is development of renal diseases subsequently 4 , however many other causes now may cause renal failure in patients with HIV, including drug-induced toxicity, hypertensive nephroangiosclerosis, and diabetes 5 . HIV infection and hemodialysis have same consequences such as cardiovascular diseases, immunosuppression, anemia, weight loss, and osteodystrophy 6 , 7 . Compared with rate of infection with other viral infection such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV), the risk of HIV infection among hemodialysis patients is lower as the contact with contaminated sources. Although intensive HIV research has been done for 20 years, we have a little knowledge about mortality risk factor in ESRD on HIV-infected patients. Hemodialysis patients who have HIV-infected are assumed to a high risk for death 4 . The finding the current study demonstrated the prevalence of HIV in hemodialysis patients which was conducted in 5 hemodialysis centers in Tehran province, Iran, in the 2016. All the enrolled participants were informed about study and written informed consent was obtained. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS version 16 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA).  Among 360 patients, 213 (59.17%) of patients were men and 147 (40. 83%) were females; the mean age of patients was 53.43. HIV Ab was negative in all cases. This result has been confirmed in other studies as well 8 . The highest frequency for duration of dialysis is 1-5 years. Nowadays viral transmission via hemodialysis routes is controlled and limited since more effective screening of blood donor. Screening and early diagnosis of kidney disease will improve outcomes in patients with HIV infection. Considering all of these evidences, further studies are recommended strongly to evaluate the real prevalence of HIV in these patients.","PeriodicalId":19372,"journal":{"name":"Novelty in Biomedicine","volume":"30 1","pages":"155-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84020694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International Hospital Performance Assessment: Developing a Questionnaire","authors":"M. Mohammadnia, K. Hajinabi, M. Farahani, Ali Komeli","doi":"10.22037/NBM.V6I3.20813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/NBM.V6I3.20813","url":null,"abstract":"Background: As there is no valid questionnaire for assessing international hospital performance from providers’ perspective, this study aimed to develop a reliable as well as valid questionnaire for Iranian hospitals. M aterials and Methods: To develop the International Hospital Performance Assessment (IHPA) questionnaire, literature review did and comparative study conducted for extracting relevant items from twenty leader hospitals in all over the world. After that, to design the questionnaire and estimate its content validity index and ratio (CVI, CVR), 20 medical tourism experts selected. Then, questionnaire‘s construct validity (CVI & CVR) determined by using SPSS version 21 as well as exploratory factor analysis. Finally, reliability assessed by calculating Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. R es ults: The content validity of the questionnaire determined as (CVI= 0.85, CVR= 0.60). According to expert opinion 5 dimensions of the questionnaire selected from World Health Organization hospital performance framework, which were clinical effectiveness and patient safety, efficiency, patient centeredness, governance responsiveness and even staff orientation. Furthermore, results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the questionnaire contained 45 items and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.687. C onclusion: Results indicated that standard IHPA questionnaire with 45 items in 5 dimensions developed as a tool for measuring hospitals’ quality of care in Iran.","PeriodicalId":19372,"journal":{"name":"Novelty in Biomedicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"111-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87794961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining Induction Conditions for Expression of Truncated Diphtheria Toxin and Pseudomonas Exotoxin A in E. coli BL21","authors":"Sahel Amoozadeh, M. Hemmati, M. Farajollahi, N. Akbari, P. Tarighi","doi":"10.22037/NBM.V6I3.20537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/NBM.V6I3.20537","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Targeted cancer therapies have played a great role in the treatment of malignant tumors, in the recent years. Among these therapies, targeted toxin therapies such as immunotoxins, has improved the patient’s survival rate by minimizing the adverse effect on normal tissues, whereas delivering a high dose of tumoricidal agent for eradicating the cancer tissue. Immunological proteins such as antibodies are conjugated to plant toxins or bacterial toxins such as Diphtheria toxin (DT) and Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE) . In this case optimizing and expressing Diphtheria toxin and Pseudomonas exotoxin A which their binding domains are eliminated play a crucial role in producing the desired immunotoxins. Materials and Methods: We expressed the truncated DT and PE toxin in a genetically modified E.coli strain BL21 (DE3). For this reason we eliminated the binding domain sequences of these toxins and expressed these proteins in an expression vector pET28a with the kanamycin resistant gene for selection. The optimization of Diphtheria toxin and Pseudomonas exotoxin A expression was due to different IPTG concentration, induction and sonication time. Results: We observed that the optimal protein expression of the Diphtheria toxin was gained in 4 hours of 0.4 mM IPTG concentration at 25˚C on the other hand the optimization of Pseudomonas exotoxin A protein occurred in 4 hours of 0.5 mM IPTG concentration at 25 ˚C. Conclusion: Our study also showed lower IPTG concentrations could result in higher protein expression. By optimizing this procedure, we facilitate the protein production which could lead to acceleration of the drug development.","PeriodicalId":19372,"journal":{"name":"Novelty in Biomedicine","volume":"87 1","pages":"131-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76341017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Effect of Methanolic and Acetonic of Zataria Multiflora, Capsicum Annum L. and Piper Nigrum L. Extracts on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Patients Hospitalized in the Burn Ward of Shahid Motahari Hospital in Tehran","authors":"H. Goudarzi, A. Hashemi, Sajedeh Chinigarzadeh","doi":"10.22037/NBM.V6I3.19211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/NBM.V6I3.19211","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is one of the main causes of nosocomial infection. Burn patients are at high risk of acquiring this bacterium due to skin damage and their immune deficiency, and mortality rate in these infected patients is high (40-50%). Therefore, due to antibiotic resistance of MBL containing strains in this bacterium, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of methanol and acetone of Zataria multiflora, Capsicum annum L. and Piper nigrum L. on strains containing MBL in this bacterium. M aterials and Methods: This lab study was conducted on samples from burn patients, which were gathered between 2015 and 2016. In this study first, disc diffusion and MIC were done based on the CLSI protocol; and using a combined disk, we detected metallo-beta-lactamase. Next, the bla (IMP) and bla (VIM) genes were identified by the PCR method. In order to investigate the effect of three plants extract on bacteria, the bacteria was affected by triple extracts using MIC and disk diffusion. R es ults: According to the results, all three plants had an acceptable effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains containing metallo-beta-lactamase, and to be more precise, the acetone type of extract of Capsicum Annum L at a concentration of 1.5 mg / ml had the best effect in treating of these bacteria. C onclusion: The results of this study indicate the presence of several mechanisms of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics among Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains collected from burn patients. The emergence of these types of XDRs has led to health problems, especially in burn patients. According to the results, the methanolic and acetonic extract of all three plants have been shown to be effective in inhibiting the growth of MBL-containing Pseudomonas aeruginosa .","PeriodicalId":19372,"journal":{"name":"Novelty in Biomedicine","volume":"65 1","pages":"118-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82434618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Borreliosis: Early Diagnosis based on Clinical Suspicious","authors":"M. Davari, Amirhossein Moghtader Mojdehi, Sahar Babaali","doi":"10.22037/NBM.V6I3.19146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/NBM.V6I3.19146","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lyme disease, (LD) is the most common tick-born disease. It is caused by borrelia burgdorferi. Lyme disease is a systemic illness. It can involve different organs, causing a large variety of clinical manifestations. LD is potentially lethal in chronic and late stages, so it is important to consider the antibiotic therapy at early stages. Cases Report : Here we present a 29-year-old young woman who was admitted to the hospital with fatigue. She claimed to be bitten one day before the admission. She was otherwise a healthy individual. C onclusion: Through this reported case, we highly recommend the early clinical diagnosis of Lyme disease in endemic areas.","PeriodicalId":19372,"journal":{"name":"Novelty in Biomedicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"152-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88170427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}