{"title":"In silico design and molecular docking evaluation of antisense oligonucleotides targeting IDO1 mRNA in the context of depression.","authors":"Hao Lin, Kexin Liu, Yuan Xue, Xiaopeng Wei, Rui Guo","doi":"10.1080/15257770.2026.2747398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15257770.2026.2747398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depression is a prevalent mental disorder worldwide, often accompanied by severe complications that significantly impair patients' daily lives. Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), a key metabolic enzyme in the kynurenine pathway, is considered a promising therapeutic target for depression treatment. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are small nucleic acid drugs characterized by high specificity, high potency, minimal drug-drug interactions, a prolonged duration of action, and a low risk of off-target activity, making them effective tools for targeting molecules previously considered undruggable. Consequently, this study designed a novel ASO targeting the IDO1 gene using a computational approach as a fundamental basis for further investigation. Based on rational design criteria, five candidate ASOs were screened and utilized for molecular docking simulations with their corresponding IDO1 mRNA fragments. Furthermore, the intermolecular interactions and binding affinities of the resulting complexes were comprehensively evaluated. The results demonstrated that strong interactions were established across the five complexes. Among them, ASO1 displayed the strongest binding affinity. Notably, its binding site is located within the coding region (CDS) of the mRNA, suggesting its potential to effectively inhibit IDO1 gene expression and exert therapeutic efficacy for depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":19343,"journal":{"name":"Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149183105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Association of BMAL1, CLOCK, and CRY1 gene polymorphisms with metabolic syndrome and glycemic phenotypes: a case-control study in a Turkish population.","authors":"Ebru Teberik Kama, Naci Senkal, Merve Guzel Dirim, Yasemin Oyaci, Sevde Hasanoglu Sayin, Alpay Medetalibeyoglu, Sacide Pehlivan, Tufan Tukek","doi":"10.1080/15257770.2026.2743625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15257770.2026.2743625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises cardiometabolic abnormalities that elevate the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Growing evidence links circadian rhythm disruption to obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and MetS. This study investigated functional polymorphisms in circadian rhythm-related genes and their associations with MetS and key clinical parameters. A total of 200 patients with MetS and 104 healthy controls were enrolled. Genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP. Univariate and age-adjusted multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate independent genetic risk factors. The GC genotype of the <i>CRY1</i> rs2287161 polymorphism was found to be significantly more frequent in the MetS group compared with healthy controls (<i>p</i> = 0.009). After adjusting for age in multivariable logistic regression, the <i>CRY1</i> rs2287161 GC genotype remained a significant, independent factor for MetS (<math><mrow><mtext>adjusted OR</mtext><mo>=</mo><mtext>0.381</mtext></mrow></math>, <math><mrow><mn>95</mn><mi>%</mi><mtext> CI: </mtext><mn>0.175</mn><mo>-</mo><mn>0.831</mn></mrow></math>, <math><mi>p</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.015</mn></math>). No significant differences were observed between the MetS and control groups in terms of genotype distributions of <i>BMAL1</i> rs7950226 and <i>CLOCK</i> rs1801260 (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Among MetS patients, individuals carrying the <i>BMAL1</i> rs7950226 AA genotype exhibited significantly higher fasting plasma glucose levels compared with those carrying the GA and GG genotypes (<i>p</i> = 0.039). An altered distribution of the <i>CRY1</i> rs2287161 polymorphism was observed in this Turkish cohort, with the GC genotype showing an age-independent statistical association with MetS risk. Additionally, <i>BMAL1</i> rs7950226 variation modulates glycemic parameters within MetS patients, reinforcing the role of core circadian genes in metabolic regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19343,"journal":{"name":"Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149171934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fabrication, spectral characterisation and exploration of DNA/RNA binding affinity and biological potential of transition metal complexes incorporating isoniazid and aromatic nitrogen-donor ligands.","authors":"Lakshmanan Ramgeetha, Freeda Selva Sheela Selvaraj, Samuel Michael, Porkodi Jeyaraman, Karuppiah Arunsunai Kumar, Natarajan Raman","doi":"10.1080/15257770.2026.2740079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15257770.2026.2740079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Four mixed-ligand transition metal(II) complexes, [ML(L<sub>1</sub>)Cl<sub>2</sub>] (where M = Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn; L = Schiff base derived from isoniazid and 3-nitrobenzaldehyde; L<sub>1</sub> = 1,10-phenanthroline), were synthesised and characterised using elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-Vis, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, EPR (for Cu), and molar conductance measurements. Physicochemical and spectroscopic data suggested an octahedral geometry for all complexes. Antimicrobial assays revealed that the complexes exhibited greater activity than the free Schiff base ligand, with inhibition zones of 14-22 mm against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>, compared to 8-12 mm for the free ligand. Similarly, antifungal screening showed zones of 12-20 mm against <i>Candida albicans</i> and <i>Aspergillus niger.</i> Predicted drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic properties using the SWISSADME tool indicated favourable absorption and permeability. DNA/RNA binding studies demonstrated intercalative interaction, with binding constants (K<sub>b</sub>) in the range of 5.12 × 10<sup>-4</sup> to 6.89 × 10<sup>-4</sup> M<sup>-1</sup> and 6.12 × 10<sup>-4</sup> to 7.25 × 10<sup>-4</sup> M<sup>-1</sup>, supported by viscosity and UV-Vis titration data. Molecular docking against the antibacterial and antifungal targets (PDB IDs 1W5D and 8IWD) yielded binding energies between -8.1 and -9.2, and 8.8 and 10.1 kJ/mol highlighting π-π stacking and hydrogen-bonding interactions. In comparison to the free ligand, chelation and the auxiliary 1,10-phenanthroline improved the metal complexes' overall biological activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19343,"journal":{"name":"Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids","volume":" ","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149112819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"USP53 regulates glycolytic reprogramming and accelerates Abdominal aortic aneurysm progression and rupture.","authors":"Yihui Chen, Shichai Hong","doi":"10.1080/15257770.2026.2738805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15257770.2026.2738805","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture remains a fatal vascular event with limited mechanistic understanding beyond diameter-based risk assessment. Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic reprogramming contributes to aneurysm progression, yet regulators linking metabolism to rupture remain poorly defined. An AngII/BAPN-induced mouse model generated intact (iAAA) and ruptured AAA (rAAA) tissues. Bulk RNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics profiled transcriptomic and metabolic alterations across sham, iAAA, and rAAA groups. Candidate ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) were screened by integrated transcriptomic analysis. Functional studies in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) used USP53 knockdown and overexpression. Glycolytic activity was evaluated by glucose uptake, lactate production, ATP levels, and related gene/protein expression. <i>In vivo</i> relevance was assessed using AAV-mediated USP53 silencing in the AAA model. Transcriptomic analysis revealed inflammatory and immune activation during AAA formation, but limited gene changes distinguished rAAA from iAAA tissues. Metabolomic profiling demonstrated metabolic divergence among groups, with ruptured aneurysms showing enrichment of nucleotide metabolism, cAMP/cGMP signaling, energy pathways. Integration analysis identified USP53 as a deubiquitinase upregulated during AAA development and rupture. In HASMCs, USP53 promoted glycolytic metabolism, increased glucose transporter expression, lactate production, reduced oxidative phosphorylation markers. <i>In vivo</i>, USP53 knockdown attenuated vascular remodeling, reduced proliferative activity, partially normalized metabolic disturbances in aneurysmal tissues.AAA rupture is associated with distinct metabolic remodeling beyond inflammatory gene activation. USP53 functions as a previously unrecognized regulator of vascular metabolic reprogramming, promoting glycolysis and contributing to aneurysm progression. Targeting USP53 may represent a potential strategy to mitigate AAA instability and rupture risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":19343,"journal":{"name":"Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149112824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suman Acharyya, Bipasha Behera, Ritika Pradhan, Jitendra Debata, Pratap Kumar Patra, Soubhanik Giri, H K Kumar
{"title":"\"The pharmacological potential of CRISPR-Cas9: Revolutionizing gene therapy and drug development\".","authors":"Suman Acharyya, Bipasha Behera, Ritika Pradhan, Jitendra Debata, Pratap Kumar Patra, Soubhanik Giri, H K Kumar","doi":"10.1080/15257770.2026.2740083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15257770.2026.2740083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>CRISPR-Cas9 has entered the mainstream of genetic research and therapeutic development, offering a level of programmable and targeted gene editing that has substantially expanded the possibilities of genetic manipulation. This review focuses on the discovery to development of CRISPR-Cas9 and its recent practice in pharmacological and biotechnology field. We discuss further advancements in CRISPR technology such as high-fidelity CRISPR and new systems Cas12 and Cas13 which increases efficiency of editing and opens more opportunities. CRISPR technology has been further advanced when combined with Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning; guide RNA is now optimized while the off-target effects are predicted. The review also focuses on the new targets for therapy, recent trials, the legal and the social and ethical relevance of the CRISPR approach. With the development of CRISPR-Cas9 promising and revolutionary preliminary achievements in the fields of drug development and disease management and tissue engineering are anticipated. Although, in its application, there are questions that have been raised concerning side effects, carriers, and ethics, it is important to take advantage of it in the right manner. As seen in this review, CRISPR-Cas9 plays the crucial part of the development of biomedical studies and therapeutic paradigms.</p>","PeriodicalId":19343,"journal":{"name":"Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids","volume":" ","pages":"1-33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149075446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khaled Alsubeeh, Ahmet Yaltır, Ali Erdinç Yalın, Nil Doğruer Ünal, Serap Yalın
{"title":"From genomic instability to epigenetic regulation: the role of DNA repair gene variants and non-coding RNAs in colorectal carcinogenesis.","authors":"Khaled Alsubeeh, Ahmet Yaltır, Ali Erdinç Yalın, Nil Doğruer Ünal, Serap Yalın","doi":"10.1080/15257770.2026.2735915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15257770.2026.2735915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis is a multi-step process characterized by a transition from genomic instability to complex epigenetic regulation, wherein DNA repair gene variants and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a critical role in carcinogenesis. By synthesizing data on chromosomal instability (CIN), signal transduction dysregulation, and the \"sponge\" effect of lncRNAs, this review highlights how these polymorphic and epigenetic landscapes dictate disease susceptibility and therapeutic response. Through the examination of major DNA repair pathways-including Mismatch Repair (MMR), Base Excision Repair (BER), Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER), and Double-Strand Break Repair (DSBR)-it is evident that variants in genes such as <i>MLH1</i>, <i>MUTYH</i>, <i>ERCC1</i>, and <i>BRCA1</i> compromise genomic stability, while polymorphisms in key signaling axes like Wnt/β-catenin, MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, and apoptotic regulators such as <i>Bax</i>, <i>Bcl-2</i>, and <i>TP53</i> significantly contribute to the adenoma-to-carcinoma transition and chemotherapy resistance. Furthermore, emerging evidence underscores the dual role of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as both potent epigenetic regulators and promising noninvasive biomarkers, although challenges regarding clinical standardization and ethnic variability persist. Ultimately, a comprehensive understanding of these genetic markers is essential for transitioning toward personalized oncology, as integrating multi-omic polymorphic data into clinical practice will enhance early detection strategies and facilitate the development of targeted therapeutic interventions tailored to the patient's unique genetic profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":19343,"journal":{"name":"Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids","volume":" ","pages":"1-42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149017715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"miR-324-5p acts as an independent prognostic biomarker and inhibits pediatric medulloblastoma progression by targeting HOXA9.","authors":"Shengjuan Wang, Xueyu Yang, Yaning Sun, Wenjing Wu, Xiting Guo, Xuehui Cao, Jiangshun Fang","doi":"10.1080/15257770.2026.2733331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15257770.2026.2733331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pediatric medulloblastoma (MB) represents an aggressive central nervous system malignancy in children, frequently associated with a dismal clinical prognosis. Uncovering novel epigenetic modulators is therefore paramount to advancing targeted therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to elucidate clinical relevance and dissect the post-transcriptional regulatory network of miR-324-5p in pediatric MB. miR-324-5p and HOXA9 levels were evaluated in 113 pediatric MB samples and cell lines <i>via</i> qRT-PCR. Prognostic significance was assessed using Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Phenotypic alterations were explored through CCK-8 and Transwell rescue assays following oligonucleotide transfection. Luciferase reporters validated direct binding. miR-324-5p was markedly reduced in MB tissues and lines, displaying tight correlation with 17p deletion and aggressive molecular subtypes. Survival models identified diminished miR-324-5p expression as an independent predictor of adverse overall survival. <i>In vitro</i>, ectopic miR-324-5p expression markedly attenuated MB cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. miR-324-5p was shown to directly bind to HOXA9. HOXA9 was upregulated in MB tissues and inversely correlated with miR-324-5p. Forced HOXA9 expression partially counteracted the phenotype suppression elicited by miR-324-5p mimic <i>in vitro</i>. Our findings suggest that miR-324-5p functions as a critical tumor suppressor in pediatric medulloblastoma <i>in vitro</i> by post-transcriptionally silencing HOXA9. This axis represents a promising prognostic indicator and therapeutic target.</p>","PeriodicalId":19343,"journal":{"name":"Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149017686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fluorescence properties of 9,10-diphenylanthracene-modified DNA hairpins: Influence of salt-induced B-Z transition and thermal fluctuations.","authors":"Mitsunobu Nakamura, Yu-Ichi Sakamoto, Tadao Takada","doi":"10.1080/15257770.2026.2729480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15257770.2026.2729480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We developed new fluorescent DNA hairpins having 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) units. Both <b>DNA1</b> (one DPA) and <b>DNA2</b> (two DPAs) showed a salt-induced B-Z transition in 5 M NaCl. Interestingly, <b>DNA2</b> exhibited a significant twofold increase in fluorescence intensity when heated to 80 °C under high-salt conditions. The unique \"turn-on\" response is likely due to the structural relaxation of the DPA stacking arrangement in the Z-form. In contrast, <b>DNA1</b> showed no such enhancement. Furthermore, the fluorescence response of <b>DNA2</b> was highly reversible and stable. Our findings suggest that <b>DNA2</b> is a promising candidate for developing sensitive fluorescent thermo-sensors.</p>","PeriodicalId":19343,"journal":{"name":"Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148977505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-technique spectroscopic and computational modeling approaches for elucidation of the binding mechanism between two disperse azo dye derivatives and DNA.","authors":"Shabnam Jampour Kolour, Hamid Dezhampanah","doi":"10.1080/15257770.2026.2727418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15257770.2026.2727418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using multi-spectroscopy and molecular docking techniques, the binding mechanism between two azo dyes and the calf thymus (Ct-DNA) was investigated under physiological settings. After the addition of Ct-DNA, each azo dye exhibited a hypochromic effect and slightly increased the wavelength of the maximum absorption. This suggested that the probes and Ct-DNA interacted <i>via</i> a groove binding mode, which was corroborated by the molecular docking data. The thermodynamic parameters, <i>ΔG°</i>, <i>ΔH°</i>, and <i>ΔS°</i>, were determined by calculating the binding constants from the maximum absorption spectra of both azo dyes at different Ct-DNA concentrations at different temperatures. Moreover, fluorescence resonance energy transfer indicates that the interval between the donor (EB-Ct-DNA) and acceptor (azo dye) is suitable for energy transfer. Hydrogen bonds and π electrons on the azo dye's benzene ring are essential for binding the dye to Ct-DNA, according to molecular modeling research. These probes bind to the minor groove of Ct-DNA, and the molecular docking results are in good agreement with the spectroscopic findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19343,"journal":{"name":"Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vladimir Neschadimenko, Morris J Robins, Stanislaw F Wnuk
{"title":"Hydration at C5'-C6' double bond of adenosine substrates by <i>S</i>-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase.","authors":"Vladimir Neschadimenko, Morris J Robins, Stanislaw F Wnuk","doi":"10.1080/15257770.2026.2722689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15257770.2026.2722689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It was previously demonstrated that (<i>E</i>)-5',6'-didehydro-6'-deoxy-6'-fluorohomoadenosine (EDDFHA) undergoes addition of water across the isolated C5'-C6' double bond by <i>S</i>-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (AdoHcy) hydrolase without prior oxidation at C3' (<i>J. Biol. Chem.</i><b>1993</b>, <i>268</i>, 17030). Addition of water at the 5' position results in the formation of 6'-deoxy-6'-fluoro-5'-hydroxyhomoadenosine <b>(</b>DFHHA). We now describe preparation of EDDFHA, its <i>Z</i>-isomer and their 6'-[<sup>2</sup>H]-labeled analogues as well independent syntheses of DFHHA and 6'-deuterio-DFHHA. These compounds allow the assignment of absolute configuration at the 5' carbon atom of DFHHA as well as a determination of the overall stereochemistry of enzymatic addition of water at the 5' carbon atom and protonation at the 6' carbon atom.</p>","PeriodicalId":19343,"journal":{"name":"Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids","volume":" ","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148891747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}