Global Health Economics and Sustainability最新文献

{"title":"Implication of close contact testing in eliminating an epidemic: Application to COVID-19 epidemic in South Korea and New York City","authors":"S. P. Vega-Royero, G. J. Sibona","doi":"10.36922/ghes.0873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/ghes.0873","url":null,"abstract":"After the first wave of the coronavirus epidemic, temporary stability in the disease spread dynamics was observed in many regions. This behavior can potentially be attributed to the measures implemented to contain the spread, particularly close contact testing. We propose a deterministic mathematical model that simulates the dynamic spread of the disease while considering the actions of the public health system. The developed model achieves a non-forced balance in daily confirmed cases, reproducing the observed epidemic behavior during the COVID-19 outbreak in South Korea and New York City. Our finding indicated that, although the quasi-steady state behavior can only be attained within a certain range of model parameters, an increase in the health system’s interventions does not eliminate the epidemic. We conclude that the observed stationary state of daily COVID-19 cases does not result from setting the basic reproductive number to one. Instead, it emerges as a natural consequence of the policies implemented by authorities to mitigate its spread.","PeriodicalId":193088,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Economics and Sustainability","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124543395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of clinician’s knowledge and attitude toward health extension program in Ethiopia: An exploratory factor analysis","authors":"Merhawi Gebremedhin Tekle, Esie Gebrewahd Gebre, G. Medhin, A. Teklu, D. Tadesse, Genet Gebrehiwot, Sentayehu Tsegaye, Eskinder Wolka, Gebrehiwot Gebretsadik, C. DeGraff, Mihajlo Jakovljevic","doi":"10.36922/ghes.0887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/ghes.0887","url":null,"abstract":"Health extension workers (HEWs) are the primary implementers of the health extension program (HEP) – a government-led community-based health-care program, but clinicians are anticipated to play a critical part in providing extensive support, thus, this study aimed to assess clinicians’ knowledge and perceptions of HEP, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 1239 clinicians. A set of 54-item questions was created based on HEP guidelines and relevant literature. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) identified latent variables with Eigenvalues matrix >1. Cluster variables were derived through orthogonal varimax factor rotation, and internal reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. A composite score was generated for each constructed factor, and the associations between variables were determined using a one-way analysis of variance. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to eliminate confounders, with statistical significance set at P < 0.05. EFA provides three factors explaining 91% of the total variance and labeled as “clinician-perceived attitude towards the skill of HEWs” (F1), “clinician knowledge on HEP activities” (F2), and “clinician-perceived attitude towards the impact of HEP” (F3). Internal reliability for the 54 items was 0.96, and it was 0.93, 0.90, and 0.89 for F1, F2, and F3, respectively. 75.5% and 76.2% of clinicians had favorable attitudes toward F1 and F3, respectively, and 70.2% had good knowledge of F2. F1 was positively correlated with participation in HEP review meetings, home visits, HEP outreach, and willingness to work in HEP but negatively correlated with degree holders. F2 was positively correlated with participation in HEP review meetings, home visits, being married, and non-medical doctors but negatively correlated with willingness to work in HEP, older age, female, and degree holder clinicians. Three factors, focusing on knowledge, skill, and the impact of HEP, were found and fall under the second-generation HEP framework. Therefore, strengthening HEP guidelines is essential to ensuring the delivery of sustainable and pro-poor HEP.","PeriodicalId":193088,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Economics and Sustainability","volume":"568 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113966762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life conditions and emotional health of musicians during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil","authors":"Luciana Pires de Sá Requião, M. Lima, Clara Sandroni, Daniela Maria Ferreira, Carlos Sandroni","doi":"10.36922/ghes.0434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/ghes.0434","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents results of a research on the musicians’ job market during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a descriptive study performed with data collected through an online questionnaire (RedCap). It was possible to identify demographic and socioeconomic features of musicians from the larger regions of Brazil. We also compared the intensity of social distancing and the living conditions of musicians in the initial period of the COVID-19 pandemic, their income and working conditions, as well as their emotional health, with the same parameters before the study period. Most of the musicians who responded to this survey have graduate degree (38.7%), but 32% was not graduated; 8% of musicians living with half a monthly minimum wage (MW) family per capita, 31.4% with 2 – 4 MW, and just 18% declare earnings of 4 or more MW per capita. Most musicians (68.2%) reported loss of income during the pandemic. Furthermore, 48.5% reported working in a home office during the social distancing period, but 46.7% were not working. Most musicians made use of digital technologies before the pandemic and continue to use it; 64.2% of respondents who did not use these technologies started to use them during the pandemic period.","PeriodicalId":193088,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Economics and Sustainability","volume":"239 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116066111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilience, art activities, and income of artists in a low-to-middle-income country during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"C. Panebianco, W. Staden, C. Lotter, R. D. Plessis","doi":"10.36922/ghes.0911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/ghes.0911","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the experienced impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the resilience, art activities, and income among performance and visual artists in a low- to middle-income country, including the relationship between resilience and art activities. Practicing artists in South Africa with a tertiary qualification in visual or performance art were recruited through social media platforms. Amid the pandemic, 109 participants completed a questionnaire that incorporated the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, income variables before and during the pandemic, 26 art activity items that captured the experienced impact of the pandemic on their commitment, productivity, social connection and engagement, financial implications, and changes in their art activities. The results revealed that the resilience of participants decreased significantly during the pandemic (t-test = 7.631; p < 0.001), whereas no relationship was found between resilience preceding the pandemic and changes in art activities. Higher resilience scores during the pandemic were associated with being more productive (β = 0.244, t = 2.56, p = 0.012), stimulated in commitment (β = 0.263, t = 2.796, p = 0.006), and less inhibited (β = −0.552 – −0.541, t = −6.749 − −6.594, p < 0.001) in art activities. The income of participants decreased significantly during the pandemic (Fisher’s exact test = 98.193; p < 0.001), causing apprehension in art activities, especially for those who were less resilient (β = −0.306, t = −3.314, p < 0.001), and the situation was compounded by being self-employed (p = 0.003). Despite decreased resilience and loss of financial income during the pandemic, participating artists in South Africa explored new ways of doing their art, were stimulated in their commitment, and sought social connections in their art activities.","PeriodicalId":193088,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Economics and Sustainability","volume":"284 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122966330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroinclusive workplaces and biophilic design: Strategies for promoting occupational health and sustainability in smart cities","authors":"James Hutson, Piper Hutson","doi":"10.36922/ghes.0549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/ghes.0549","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the impact of biophilic design on occupational health and productivity, with a particular focus on addressing the needs of diverse populations, including the neurodiverse, during the post-pandemic return to work. With an estimated 15 – 20% of the global population considered neurodiverse, it is crucial to understand and accommodate their specific needs, such as those with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum condition, and learning disabilities. These individuals face increased occupational stress, necessitating the development of targeted strategies. The renewed interest in sustainability and employee well-being has led to a resurgence of biophilic design in the workplace. Grounded in the concept that humans possess an inherent inclination to affiliate with nature, the biophilic design integrates natural elements and art into the built environment. This integration has been found to reduce activity in the amygdala, promoting stress recovery, prolonged attention, and increased productivity among employees. To effectively acclimate neurodiverse individuals in the work environment, biophilic design should be complemented using extended reality (XR) technology supported by artificial intelligence. Virtual reality, in particular, has been shown to facilitate individuals’ comfort in new workspaces, aid in self-assessments through biofeedback, and enable the adjustment of surroundings for self-regulation. Furthermore, biophilic design has the potential to promote sustainability in smart cities by integrating natural elements into the built environment. This integration helps reduce the carbon footprint of buildings and enhances energy efficiency. By creating workplaces that prioritize biophilic design principles, organizations can contribute to a more inclusive, sustainable, and productive work environment.","PeriodicalId":193088,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Economics and Sustainability","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131483458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}