Neurology, neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics最新文献

{"title":"The evolution of interferon therapy in multiple sclerosis","authors":"O. Boyko, N. Smirnova, A. N. Boyko","doi":"10.14412/2074-2711-2023-1s-58-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2023-1s-58-64","url":null,"abstract":"The article reviews the evolution of interferon-β (IFN-β) in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) from the first high-dose interferons to the most recent pegylated forms. The results of pivotal trials are presented and discussed. The main problems of the first IFN-β were: 1) moderate efficacy in the presence of neutralizing antibodies (NAB, in 20% of treated patients), leading to a decrease in efficacy, 2) poor tolerability due to frequent injections (every other day), 3) severe local reactions and flu-like syndrome. Pegillation made it possible to extend the duration of administration to one injection every 14 days and to reduce the probability of NAB to less than 1% of all treated patients. The first drug administered subcutaneously had a pronounced flu-like syndrome; the domestic drug SamPEG-IFN-β1a administered intramuscularly was better tolerated with similar efficacy.","PeriodicalId":19252,"journal":{"name":"Neurology, neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78336311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic criteria and treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD)","authors":"T. Simaniv, K. Bakhtiyarova, A. Belova, Z. Goncharova, S. Sivertseva, N. Spirin, N. Totolyan, T. Trushnikova, E. L. Turova, T. Khaibullin, M. Sherman, A. N. Boyko","doi":"10.14412/2074-2711-2023-1s-71-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2023-1s-71-75","url":null,"abstract":"Neuromyelitis optic spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are rare, severely disabling diseases of the central nervous system. They are characterized by periodic, unpredictable exacerbations that lead to an accumulation of irreversible neurologic damage. Despite existing possibilities for diagnosing NMOSD, it can be difficult to make the correct diagnosis in clinical practice. Current treatment options for NMOSD include drugs that affect the pathogenesis of the disease, including complement C5 inhibitors, with which experience is still limited, but published data from clinical trials demonstrate high efficacy of these drugs with an acceptable safety profile. The article reviews the main current approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of NMOSD.","PeriodicalId":19252,"journal":{"name":"Neurology, neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83508900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delayed diagnosis of the neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder","authors":"S. A. Dzhukkaeva, E. V. Ermilova, Sh. R. Nabiev, O. N. Voskresenskaya","doi":"10.14412/2074-2711-2023-1s-31-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2023-1s-31-34","url":null,"abstract":"Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are a group of autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. In 2015, International Expert Panel established diagnostic criteria for NMOSD. The majority of patients with NMOSD have aquaporin-4 autoantibody (AQP4-IgG). This case describes a 43-year-old woman who presented with weakness in her limbs followed by intractable vomiting. One year and 3 months later, she experienced acute visual impairment, which recurred several times. MRI of the spinal cord revealed a T2-hyperintense signal lesion at the cervical level extending over 4 vertebral segments. MRI of the brain showed involvement of the brainstem. AQP4-IgG was detected in her blood serum. It took 30 months from the onset of symptoms to establish the correct diagnosis. During this time, several incorrect diagnoses were made, including ischemic stroke, functional movement disorder and vertebrobasilar insufficiency. As a result of delayed diagnosis and treatment, the patient developed severe irreversible visual impairment. This case underscores the importance of early diagnosis and early treatment of NMOSD.","PeriodicalId":19252,"journal":{"name":"Neurology, neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87319892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The place of virtual reality in the rehabilitation of patients with multiple sclerosis","authors":"Iu. E. Korzhova, A. A. Fuks, A. Klochkov, A. E. Khizhnikova, N. Suponeva, M. Zakharova","doi":"10.14412/2074-2711-2023-1s-8-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2023-1s-8-14","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that limits the ability to work and lead an active lifestyle, mostly in young adults. Physical activity, along with drug therapy, is an essential part of the life of a person with MS. In the last decades, rehabilitation of MS patients has made great progress. However, the problem of compliance is still relevant. Virtual reality (VR) based rehabilitation can not only improve the quality of the training process but also increase patient compliance.Objective: to study the literature data on the effectiveness of the techniques of VR in reducing the severity of symptoms of MS and improving the quality of life.Materials and methods. A thorough literature search of the MEDLINE (Pubmed), eLibrary, and Google Schcolar databases was performed. Papers that met two criteria were included in the study: study population – patients with MS; presence of at least one comparison group (standard therapy or no therapy).Results. Based on the results of the analysis, 44 articles were selected. The efficacy of VR in reducing symptoms of MS such as fatigue, balance disturbances, risk factors for falls, mobility, apraxia, impaired hand function was described, as well as the impact on overall quality of life and its components.Conclusions. The VR rehabilitation can have its own place in the general system of physical rehabilitation and also become an effective tool to increase motivation and quality of life at all stages of rehabilitation.","PeriodicalId":19252,"journal":{"name":"Neurology, neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics","volume":"151 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74871239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical course features of atypical demyelinating optic neuritis: case series","authors":"N. L. Sheremet, D. D. Eliseeva, V. V. Bryukhov, N. Andreeva, N. V. Zhorzholadze, Y. Murakhovskaya, A. K. Kalashnikova, M. Zakharova","doi":"10.14412/2074-2711-2023-1s-35-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2023-1s-35-42","url":null,"abstract":"Optic neuritis (ON) can often occur at the onset of a demyelinating autoimmune CNS disease or as one of its clinical manifestations. The introduction of novel laboratory techniques, technical advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electrophysiologic studies, and ocular imaging have significantly expanded the spectrum of autoimmune optic neuropathies. Identification of different forms of ON based on clinical and instrumental data can lead to early diagnosis of the underlying neurologic disorder. According to current guidelines, one can distinguish between typical ON, which are mainly associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), and atypical ON, which are the main clinical manifestation of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and diseases associated with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOGAD). In this paper, we present four clinical cases of atypical ON at the onset of NMOSD and MOGAD and illustrate the high diagnostic value of a multidisciplinary approach.","PeriodicalId":19252,"journal":{"name":"Neurology, neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73351554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuromyelitis optic spectrum disorders (NMOSD): from pathogenesis to targeted therapy","authors":"P. A. Zaitseva, A. N. Boyko","doi":"10.14412/2074-2711-2023-1s-49-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2023-1s-49-57","url":null,"abstract":"In the review, we present the main pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of neuromyelitis optic spectrum disorders (NMOSD) associated with the appearance of anti-aquaporin-4 (APQ4-IgG) autoantibodies: damage to astrocytes, including complement-dependent and complement-independent cytotoxicity, with subsequent damage to oligodentrocytes, axons, and demyelination. Based on these data, the main directions of pathogenetic treatment of NMOSD are discussed, which has two main directions: treatment of exacerbations and prevention of relapses. In recent years, the second direction has been actively developing, and two drugs of monoclonal antibodies have been approved in Russia, which have as their main indication the treatment of patients with NMOSD and antibodies to APQ4-IgG: e eculizumab and satralizumab. The remaining drugs are still prescribed in necessary cases by decision of medical commissions.","PeriodicalId":19252,"journal":{"name":"Neurology, neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81609536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of B-lymphocytes to the production of Interleukin-17 in multiple sclerosis","authors":"N. V. Sursyakova, E. Kuklina, T. Baidina, I. Nekrasova, T. Trushnikova","doi":"10.14412/2074-2711-2023-1s-15-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2023-1s-15-21","url":null,"abstract":"The study of pathogenic systems involved in multiple sclerosis (MS) is essential for the development of new therapies.Objective: to determine the contribution of B-lymphocytes to the production of IL-17 in MS with an assessment of the ability of B-cells to induce the differentiation of Th17 and the own production of IL-17 by B-lymphocytes in this pathology.Material and methods. A total of 81 subjects were examined, 68 of whom were patients diagnosed with MS, 13 were healthy individuals. The concentrations of IL-17A, IL-10, BAFF and total IgG were analyzed in blood serum by ELISA. The additional study included 13 MS patients and 11 healthy donors. Mononuclear cells were isolated from the blood, from which B-lymphocytes and CD4+T-lymphocytes were obtained. B-lymphocytes were incubated with tetanus toxoid or with myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), after which they were washed from unbounded antigen and cultured together with autologous CD4+T-lymphocytes or with peripheral blood mononuclear cells, then the content of Th17 cells in the sample was evaluated. Flow cytometry ex vivo assessed the expression of RORγt by B-lymphocytes and CD4+T-lymphocytes. The level of IL-17 in blood serum and cell culture supernatants was determined by ELISA.Results. High IL-17 serum levels in MS patients are associated with elevated BAFF concentrations, and in patients with high IgG levels, IL-17 concentrations were also twice as high. A statistically significant higher level of IL-17-positive B-lymphocytes was detected in MS.Conclusion. B-lymphocytes may contribute to the production of IL-17 in MS in two ways – by inducing the differentiation of T-lymphocytes producing this cytokine and by their own synthesis of IL-17.","PeriodicalId":19252,"journal":{"name":"Neurology, neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76082929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MicroRNAs as biomarkers of multiple sclerosis progression","authors":"N. Baulina, I. Kiselev, O. Kulakova, E. Popova, O. O. Favorova, A. N. Boyko","doi":"10.14412/2074-2711-2023-1s-4-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2023-1s-4-7","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. The disease is characterized by a heterogeneous clinical course, which is reflected in the fact that there are various types, such as relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), primary and secondary progressive MS (PPMS and SPMS, respectively). Currently, there is an active search for MS biomarkers capable of predicting and assessing disease progression with high sensitivity and specificity, which would be of great benefit in determining treatment tactics and evaluating their efficacy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (21–25 nucleotides) non-coding RNA molecules that are primarily involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. miRNAs play an essential role in tissue development, homeostasis, immune system regulation, and immune cell maturation; they are also involved in the pathophysiology of MS. In addition, high hopes are pinned on miRNAs as disease biomarkers, mainly due to their stability and ability to be released from cells into the extracellular space and circulate there for a long time. The review considers published data on miRNAs in different types of MS. In the future, changes in their levels may be used to create a panel of prognostic markers for disease progression. Studies of miRNAs levels in both circulating fluids (plasma, serum, cerebrospinal fluid) and brain tissue of MS patients were reviewed. Based on the aggregated data from the studies reviewed, it can be confirmed that the accumulated data are quite sufficient to recognize that regulatory miRNAs molecules are involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of MS progression. However, there is still a long way to go to establish a panel of circulating miRNAs that predict the rate of progression of MS.","PeriodicalId":19252,"journal":{"name":"Neurology, neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80388994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of trimethylamine-N-oxide in the development of cerebrovascular disease (brief review)","authors":"M. Kutlubaev, A. R. Rakhmatullin, R. F. Kutlubaeva","doi":"10.14412/2074-2711-20234-100-104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-20234-100-104","url":null,"abstract":"Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMO) is one of the best studied metabolites of the gut microbiota. It increases the risk of stroke and dyscirculatory encephalopathy, independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The mechanisms of the negative effects of TMO on the cardiovascular system are related to the acceleration of atherosclerosis progression, platelet activation, and the development of aseptic inflammation. Currently, elevated TMO levels are an indication for a strict diet with restriction of foods rich in TMO precursors. Future research should clarify the role of TMO in the development of cerebrovascular disease (CVD). It is necessary to continue the investigation of new compounds that can reduce TMO levels in patients at high risk for developing CVD.","PeriodicalId":19252,"journal":{"name":"Neurology, neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83222185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical experience with the use of citicoline in mild cognitive impairment of vascular origin","authors":"L. Shchepankevich, I. Gribacheva, T. Popova, E. Taneeva, K. V. Roerich, E. Petrova, M. Shchepankevich","doi":"10.14412/2074-2711-2023-4-74-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2023-4-74-79","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular factors significantly increase the risk of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Currently, there are no specific treatments for VCI. A promising therapeutic strategy is the administration of citicoline, which has a neuroprotective effect.Objective: to evaluate the effect of treatment with citicoline (Noocil®) on cognitive function and quality of life (QoL)in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) developed in a background of arterial hypertension and cerebral arteriosclerosis.Material and methods. An open-label prospective observational study enrolled 32 patients with neuroimaging-confirmed vascular cognitive impairment who received baseline therapy (antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and antiplatelet therapy) and achieved target blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. All patients were assessed with a neuropsychological status assessment (MoCA-test). The efficacy of therapy was assessed by the Short Form-36 Quality of Life Questionnaire (SF-36).Results. The most common complaints of the patients were poor concentration, fatigue, forgetfulness, mood lability, sleep disturbances, more often in the form of early waking, and headaches. After 3 months of taking the drug Noocil®, all patients noted an increase in the ability to work, an improvement in concentration, memory and reproduction of the information received, both physical and mental indicators of QoL improved. The positive dynamics in terms of cognitive status (especially the functions of attention, short-term memory, several aspects of executive functions), QoL of patients, which was associated with the effect of Noocil® therapy, was accompanied by the absence of adverse events. A distinctive feature of domestic citicoline (Noocil®) is the presence of an original dosage form – a 240 ml bottle for oral administration, which improves adherence to long-term therapy.Conclusion. The efficacy, safety and good tolerability of Noocil® therapy in patients with predemental VCI was demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":19252,"journal":{"name":"Neurology, neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics","volume":"24 7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89335099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}