microrna作为多发性硬化进展的生物标志物

N. Baulina, I. Kiselev, O. Kulakova, E. Popova, O. O. Favorova, A. N. Boyko
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摘要

多发性硬化症(MS)是一种中枢神经系统自身免疫性炎症性神经退行性疾病。该疾病具有异质性的临床病程,表现为多种类型,如复发缓解型MS (RRMS)、原发性和继发性进行性MS(分别为PPMS和SPMS)。目前,人们正在积极寻找能够以高灵敏度和特异性预测和评估疾病进展的MS生物标志物,这将对确定治疗策略和评估其疗效有很大的好处。MicroRNAs (miRNAs)是短的(21-25个核苷酸)非编码RNA分子,主要参与基因表达的转录后调控。mirna在组织发育、体内平衡、免疫系统调节和免疫细胞成熟中发挥重要作用;此外,人们对mirna作为疾病生物标志物寄予厚望,主要是因为它们的稳定性和从细胞释放到细胞外空间并在那里长时间循环的能力。该综述考虑了不同类型ms中已发表的mirna数据。在未来,mirna水平的变化可能用于创建疾病进展的预后标记。综述了MS患者循环液(血浆、血清、脑脊液)和脑组织中miRNAs水平的研究。根据所回顾的研究汇总数据,可以证实,积累的数据足以认识到调控miRNAs分子参与MS进展的病理生理机制。然而,要建立一组循环mirna来预测MS的进展速度,还有很长的路要走。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
MicroRNAs as biomarkers of multiple sclerosis progression
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. The disease is characterized by a heterogeneous clinical course, which is reflected in the fact that there are various types, such as relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), primary and secondary progressive MS (PPMS and SPMS, respectively). Currently, there is an active search for MS biomarkers capable of predicting and assessing disease progression with high sensitivity and specificity, which would be of great benefit in determining treatment tactics and evaluating their efficacy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (21–25 nucleotides) non-coding RNA molecules that are primarily involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. miRNAs play an essential role in tissue development, homeostasis, immune system regulation, and immune cell maturation; they are also involved in the pathophysiology of MS. In addition, high hopes are pinned on miRNAs as disease biomarkers, mainly due to their stability and ability to be released from cells into the extracellular space and circulate there for a long time. The review considers published data on miRNAs in different types of MS. In the future, changes in their levels may be used to create a panel of prognostic markers for disease progression. Studies of miRNAs levels in both circulating fluids (plasma, serum, cerebrospinal fluid) and brain tissue of MS patients were reviewed. Based on the aggregated data from the studies reviewed, it can be confirmed that the accumulated data are quite sufficient to recognize that regulatory miRNAs molecules are involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of MS progression. However, there is still a long way to go to establish a panel of circulating miRNAs that predict the rate of progression of MS.
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