Neuropsychobiology最新文献

{"title":"Psychological Mediators of the Association between Obesity and Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress.","authors":"Joana Henriques, Vera Afreixo, Human Unterrainer, Hugo Senra","doi":"10.1159/000542767","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There is still paucity of knowledge about which factors can mediate the link between obesity and mental health problems. This study aimed to investigate psychological mediators of the association between different weight profiles (healthy, overweight, and obesity) and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A sample of 407 adults (≥18 years old) with different weight profiles recruited from general population was assessed for symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, and dimensions of emotion regulation and body investment/body image. Robust regression and robust mediation analyses were employed to investigate predictors and mediators of mental health outcomes in relation to different weight profiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Body investment difficulties in relation to body image and body care, and emotion regulation difficulties related to a tendency towards negative secondary responses to negative emotions, and/or denial of distress, significantly mediated the association between obesity and symptoms of depression. The association between obesity and symptoms of anxiety and stress was significantly mediated by body investment difficulties related to body image concerns.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current study brings evidence on specific dimensions of emotion regulation and body image that play a key role for the co-occurrence of mental health problems in individuals with obesity.</p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There is still paucity of knowledge about which factors can mediate the link between obesity and mental health problems. This study aimed to investigate psychological mediators of the association between different weight profiles (healthy, overweight, and obesity) and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A sample of 407 adults (≥18 years old) with different weight profiles recruited from general population was assessed for symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, and dimensions of emotion regulation and body investment/body image. Robust regression and robust mediation analyses were employed to investigate predictors and mediators of mental health outcomes in relation to different weight profiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Body investment difficulties in relation to body image and body care, and emotion regulation difficulties related to a tendency towards negative secondary responses to negative emotions, and/or denial of distress, significantly mediated the association between obesity and symptoms of depression. The association between obesity and symptoms of anxiety and stress was significantly mediated by body investment difficulties related to body image concerns.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current study brings evidence on specific dimensions of emotion regulation and body image that play a key role for the co-occurrence of mental health problems in individuals with obesit","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":" ","pages":"26-37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11797918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142716672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual Reality-Based Running Exposure to Target the Acute Urge to Be Physically Active in Anorexia Nervosa: A Case Series.","authors":"Margherita Boltri, Giulia Brizzi, Federico Brusa, Carolina Gabutti, Giulia Cera, Alberto Scalia, Francesca Manzo, Emanuela Apicella, Gianluca Castelnuovo, Giuseppe Riva, Leonardo Mendolicchio","doi":"10.1159/000547031","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe and complex eating disorder (ED), whose incidence has increased following the COVID-19 pandemic, straining specialized healthcare systems worldwide. Although patients often resort to compulsive exercise as a means of weight control, prolonged fasting intensifies the urge to move, leading to increased motor restlessness. Despite progress in understanding AN, interventions often overlook the crucial role that the urge to be physically active plays in reinforcing the ED itself. This case series tested the feasibility of a Virtual Reality-based Running Exposure (VR-RE) protocol to target the acute urge to be physically active in inpatients with severe AN undergoing rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three female inpatients with severe AN (body mass index ≤15 kg/m2), aged 21, 23, and 26, participated in a 4-week VR-RE protocol, involving four sessions of simulated jogging in a VR environment. Pre- and post-intervention assessments evaluated ED symptoms and traits characteristics, such as compulsive exercise and physical activity addiction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although treatment outcomes were only partially achieved and there was little change observed in clinical parameters such as weight and body mass index, reductions in the acute urge to move were observed for all after each VR session. Additionally, reliable and clinically relevant changes were observed in drive for thinness, body image dissatisfaction, interoceptive deficits, and emotional regulation. Two patients also reported a decrease in both trait and addictive physical activity at the end of the protocol and rehabilitation program. Qualitative feedback revealed perceived synchronization with the avatar and endorsed the protocol's potential for outpatient settings. No cybersickness was reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study presents a structured VR-based protocol targeting the acute urge to be physically active in severe AN, integrated into a rehabilitation setting. Future research with longer, personalized, and controlled trials is needed to validate its clinical utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":" ","pages":"184-196"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Childhood Trauma and Anxiety on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Chronic Subjective Tinnitus with Distress.","authors":"Laura Lucia Maria Cassiers, Filip Van Den Eede, Koen Schruers, Annick Gilles, Vincent Van Rompaey, Bernard G C Sabbe","doi":"10.1159/000542066","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There is some evidence for hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hypofunction in chronic tinnitus, but findings are contradicting possibly due to clinical heterogeneity. This study aimed to assess differential effects of childhood trauma and anxiety on HPA-axis functioning in adults suffering from chronic subjective tinnitus with distress.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Salivary cortisol data were collected in 22 chronic subjective tinnitus sufferers (without major depression) and 29 healthy controls after awakening, at baseline, and after a low-dose (0.5 mg) dexamethasone challenge. A factorial ANCOVA was conducted to compare the main effects of group (tinnitus versus. controls), trauma, and their interaction effect on the cortisol awakening response (CAR). Linear mixed models were fitted for baseline and post-dexamethasone cortisol levels with group, sampling time, trauma, and their interactions as fixed factors and subject as the random effect. The Beck Anxiety Index, Anxiety Sensitivity Index, and Panic Disorder Severity Scale were included to investigate effects of anxiety.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant interaction between group and trauma (F [1, 47] = 6.9755, p = 0.0112) was found, with the tinnitus group showing lower CARs (M = 5.1808, SD = 0.5821) than the comparison group (M = 5.9974, SD = 0.5251) in traumatized individuals only. No effects were found for baseline or post-dexamethasone cortisol. Anxiety scores had no effects on any of the outcome variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A differential effect of childhood trauma, but not anxiety, on the HPA-axis function in chronic subjective tinnitus was partly confirmed by the finding of a blunted CAR in tinnitus sufferers reporting early-life adversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":" ","pages":"15-25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142687172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography in Bipolar Disorder: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Elena M D Schönthaler, Haleh Aminfar, Nina Dalkner, Frederike T Fellendorf, Johanna Georgi, Melanie Lenger, Andreas Wedrich, Eva Z Reininghaus","doi":"10.1159/000543290","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543290","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Bipolar disorder (BD) is a psychiatric condition with significant health implications due to its comorbidities, premature mortality, and functional impairments. Despite extensive research on treatment and rehabilitation, gaps remain in diagnosis and monitoring. Therefore, there is a need for biomarkers to identify individuals at risk for disease progression or exacerbation. Developmentally part of the central nervous system, the retina represents a possible marker for observing BD-related structural and functional alterations in the brain.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Summary: &lt;/strong&gt;The retina's structure can be assessed through optical coherence tomography (OCT), a noninvasive and cost-effective method. Retinal alterations, particularly in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL), have been associated with neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders in cross-sectional OCT studies. This scoping review discusses findings on retinal changes in BD as well as their association with disease characteristics like symptom severity and illness duration and highlights OCT as a potential diagnostic tool in BD treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key findings: &lt;/strong&gt;The majority of studies indicate RNFL and GCL thinning in BD patients, which was found to correlate with clinical characteristics in some studies. Although the data are currently limited, there is a possibility that retinal biomarkers could facilitate monitoring of BD, but more research needs to be conducted to observe the relationship between these parameters and BD. Moreover, other factors (e.g., treatment, metabolic and inflammatory conditions) may impact retinal changes, which highlights the need for longitudinal studies to clarify these relationships. Further research should focus on replicating current findings, understanding the role of inflammation, and differentiating between retinal regions affected by BD.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Bipolar disorder (BD) is a psychiatric condition with significant health implications due to its comorbidities, premature mortality, and functional impairments. Despite extensive research on treatment and rehabilitation, gaps remain in diagnosis and monitoring. Therefore, there is a need for biomarkers to identify individuals at risk for disease progression or exacerbation. Developmentally part of the central nervous system, the retina represents a possible marker for observing BD-related structural and functional alterations in the brain.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Summary: &lt;/strong&gt;The retina's structure can be assessed through optical coherence tomography (OCT), a noninvasive and cost-effective method. Retinal alterations, particularly in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL), have been associated with neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders in cross-sectional OCT studies. This scoping review discusses findings on retinal changes in BD as well as their association with disease characteristic","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":" ","pages":"100-112"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142886065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut Microbiome in Impulsively Violent Female Convicts.","authors":"Michaela Langmajerová, Janet Ježková, Jakub Kreisinger, Jaroslav Semerád, Ivan Titov, Petra Procházková, Tomáš Cajthaml, Václav Jiřička, Jan Vevera, Radka Roubalová","doi":"10.1159/000542220","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542220","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Impulsivity and aggression are often interlinked behavioral traits that have major implications for our society. Therefore, the study of this phenomenon and derivative interventions that could lead to better control of impulsive aggression are of interest.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We analyzed the composition and diversity of the gut bacterial microbiome of 33 impulsively violent female convicts with dissocial personality disorder and 20 non-impulsive age-matched women. Further, levels of assorted neurotransmitters and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were analyzed in serum and stool samples. We also assessed all participants using a battery of psychological questionnaires and tested possible correlations between the collected clinical data and the composition and diversity of their microbiomes and metabolites.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;We identified four bacterial amplicon sequencing variants that were differentially abundant in non-impulsive versus impulsive women - the genera Bacteroides, Barnesiella, and the order Rhodospirillales were more abundant in impulsive women. In contrast, the genus Catenisphaera was more abundant in non-impulsive women. Fecal tryptophan levels were significantly higher in impulsive women. Association analysis revealed a strong positive intercorrelation between most fecal SCFAs in the entire dataset.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Our study demonstrated possible associations between gut microbiomes and their metabolites and impulsive behavior in a unique cohort of prisoners convicted of violent assaults and a matched group of non-impulsive women from the same prison. Genus Bacteroides, which was differentially abundant in the two groups, encoded enzymes that affect serotonin pathways and could contribute to this maladaptive behavior. Similarly, increased fecal tryptophan levels in impulsive individuals could affect neuronal circuits in the brain.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Impulsivity and aggression are often interlinked behavioral traits that have major implications for our society. Therefore, the study of this phenomenon and derivative interventions that could lead to better control of impulsive aggression are of interest.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We analyzed the composition and diversity of the gut bacterial microbiome of 33 impulsively violent female convicts with dissocial personality disorder and 20 non-impulsive age-matched women. Further, levels of assorted neurotransmitters and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were analyzed in serum and stool samples. We also assessed all participants using a battery of psychological questionnaires and tested possible correlations between the collected clinical data and the composition and diversity of their microbiomes and metabolites.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;We identified four bacterial amplicon sequencing variants that were differentially abundant in non-impulsive versus impulsive women - the genera","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11797940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The St. Göran Project: A Multipronged Strategy for Longitudinal Studies for Bipolar Disorders.","authors":"Mikael Landén, Lina Jonsson, Anna Luisa Klahn, Mathias Kardell, Andreas Göteson, Christoph Abé, Andreas Aspholmer, Benny Liberg, Aurimantas Pelanis, Timea Sparding, Erik Pålsson","doi":"10.1159/000543335","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543335","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;The St. Göran Bipolar Project (SBP) is a longitudinal outpatient study investigation aimed at identifying predictive factors associated with long-term outcomes in individuals with bipolar disorder. These outcomes include cognitive function, relapse rate, treatment responses, and functional outcomes. The study employs a multifaceted approach, integrating brain imaging, biochemical analyses of cerebrospinal fluid and blood, and genetics. This paper provides an overview of the research methods used in the SBP, along with a summary of the main findings to date.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;SBP is a collaborative effort between academia and healthcare, enrolling study participants from bipolar outpatient clinics in Stockholm (SBP-S) and Gothenburg (SBP-G), Sweden. Healthy controls were recruited through Statistics Sweden. Data and samples were collected using structured interviews, self-rated questionnaires, blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples, magnetic resonance imaging, and neuropsychological tests. Follow-up visits are conducted 7 and 14 years after baseline.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The SBP has generated numerous original findings and has contributed to advancing knowledge on cognitive function, personality, cerebrospinal and blood biomarkers, neuroimaging, and genetics. Further, as data collection nears completion, new research questions can be addressed. The study's strengths include detailed, multimodal information from each study visit and a long follow-up period. The naturalistic setting ensures that findings are relevant to real-world scenarios. However, variability in data completeness can introduce selection bias. Additionally, the control population, while randomly selected, may not be fully representative due to the voluntary nature of participation. Future projects will focus on longitudinal analyses and novel methods to exploit the study's multifaceted approach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;The St. Göran Bipolar Project (SBP) is a longitudinal outpatient study investigation aimed at identifying predictive factors associated with long-term outcomes in individuals with bipolar disorder. These outcomes include cognitive function, relapse rate, treatment responses, and functional outcomes. The study employs a multifaceted approach, integrating brain imaging, biochemical analyses of cerebrospinal fluid and blood, and genetics. This paper provides an overview of the research methods used in the SBP, along with a summary of the main findings to date.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;SBP is a collaborative effort between academia and healthcare, enrolling study participants from bipolar outpatient clinics in Stockholm (SBP-S) and Gothenburg (SBP-G), Sweden. Healthy controls were recruited through Statistics Sweden. Data and samples were collected using structured interviews, self-rated questionnaires, blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples, magnetic resonance imaging, and neuropsychologica","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":" ","pages":"86-99"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142921627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse Childhood Experiences Are Associated with Mental Health Problems Later in Life: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Biruk Beletew Abate, Ashenafi Kibret Sendekie, Abebe Merchaw, Gebremeskel Kibret Abebe, Molla Azmeraw, Addis Wondmagegn Alamaw, Alemu Birara Zemariam, Tegene Atamenta Kitaw, Amare Kassaw, Tilahun Wodaynew, Ayelign Mengesha Kassie, Gizachew Yilak, Mulat Awoke Kassa","doi":"10.1159/000542392","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542392","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Evidence suggested a link between early adversity and mental health problems. However, it is unclear how much adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) contribute to mental health problems because researchers have produced inconsistent findings. Therefore, the objective of this umbrella review was to combine the contradictory data regarding the effect of ACEs on the development of mental health problems later in life in the global context.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Sciences, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, and Google Scholar which reported the effect of ACEs on the development of mental health problems was searched. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR). A weighted inverse variance random-effects model was applied to find the pooled estimates. The subgroup analysis, heterogeneity, publication bias, and sensitivity analysis were also assessed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Forty-three SRM with 14,707,614 study participants were included. The pooled effect of ACEs on the development of mental health problems later in life in the global context is found to be (AOR = 1.66 [1.46, 1.87]). Subgroup analysis based on country revealed (AOR = 1.67 [1.23, 2.11]) in UK, (AOR = 0.61 [0.41, 0.81]) in Canada, (AOR = 1.55 [1.40, 1.69]) in Brazil, (AOR = 5.65 [4.12, 7.18]) in Ethiopia, (AOR = 1.92 [1.45, 2.38]) in USA, (AOR = 2.30 [1.89, 2.72]) in Australia, and (AOR = 1.66 [1.46, 1.87]) in Ireland. While subgroup analysis based on types of adverse childhood adverse experience: domestic violence (AOR = 4.13 [1.96, 6.30]), maltreatment (AOR = 1.5 [0.79, 2.21]), physical abuse (AOR = 1.56 [1.43, 1.63]), sexual abuse (AOR = 2.07 [1.63, 2.51]), child abuse (AOR = 5.66 [4.12, 7.18]), parental mental health problem (AOR = 1.73 [1.39, 2.08]), bullying (AOR = 1.99 [1.69, 2.29], neglect (AOR = 2.11 [1.53, 2.69]), and parental divorce (AOR = 1.66 [1.46, 1.87]). Based on the type of mental health problem, the pooled effect size is 1.87 (1.45, 2.30) for depression and 1.67 (1.22, 2.13) for anxiety.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;This umbrella review revealed that ACE is significantly associated (with 66% increased risk) with anxiety and depression later in life in a global context. This association is most noticeable when one is subjected to domestic violence, maltreatment, physical abuse, sexual abuse, child abuse, parental mental health problems, bullying, neglect, and parental divorce. Childhood periods are a critical window of opportunity for reducing the risk of developing mental illness in the future and for implementing intervention measures. Preventing childhood maltreatment and addressing psychiatric risk factors can prevent psychopathology. Longitudinal studies are needed to optimize healthcare responses to ACEs. Increased awareness and public health interventions are needed to prevent childhood adversity a","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":" ","pages":"48-64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142668628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking Lithium Monitoring: Insights from a Comparative Analysis of Saliva, Plasma, and Erythrocytes.","authors":"Darko Vlahović, Vivian Andrea Badžim, Ivan Ljoka, Dalibor Karlović, Vjekoslav Peitl, Zoran Karlović","doi":"10.1159/000548149","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000548149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Lithium carbonate is a valuable and effective medication for treating and preventing mood disorders, especially bipolar disorder. Its narrow therapeutic window necessitates regular blood lithium monitoring. Existing literature does not conclusively support the reliability of salivary or erythrocyte lithium measurements. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive relationships between lithium concentrations in saliva, plasma, and erythrocytes at multiple time points during the day in patients receiving lithium carbonate treatment. The goal was to assess the temporal dynamics and relative utility of these biological matrices for therapeutic monitoring, while also considering the potential clinical advantages of noninvasive sampling methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Subjects were recruited from patients undergoing treatment at the Clinical Department of Psychiatry, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia, during the period between August 2024 and December 2024. We measured lithium levels in saliva, erythrocytes, and plasma of n = 77 participants with bipolar disorder or other psychiatric conditions at six time points during the day. A spectrophotometric method was used to determine lithium concentration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regression analyses demonstrated that erythrocyte lithium concentration was the most consistent and robust predictor of plasma levels across most time points. Salivary lithium showed weaker and more variable performance, but was significantly associated with plasma levels at selected time points in univariate models. The strongest overall model fit in the multiple linear regression analysis was observed at 3:00 PM (r2 = 0.665, p < 0.01), primarily driven by erythrocyte lithium.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings support the use of erythrocyte lithium as a reliable and robust biomarker for estimating plasma levels, particularly in complex clinical scenarios where intracellular lithium may better reflect treatment response or toxicity. While salivary lithium demonstrated weaker and more time-dependent predictive accuracy, it still holds conditional clinical value as a noninvasive alternative - particularly in outpatient, emergency, or resource-limited settings where individualized or more accessible monitoring may be beneficial.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":" ","pages":"219-230"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Neuro-Inflammatory Biomarkers of Generalized Anxiety Disorder from Lymphocyte Subsets Based on Machine Learning Approaches.","authors":"Jingjing Lu, Weiwei Liang, Lijun Cui, Shaoqi Mou, Xuedan Pei, Xinhua Shen, Zhongxia Shen, Ping Shen","doi":"10.1159/000543646","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Activation of the inflammatory response system is involved in the pathogenesis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize inflammatory biomarkers in the diagnosis of GAD based on machine learning algorithms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The evaluation of peripheral immune parameters and lymphocyte subsets was performed on patients with GAD. Multivariable linear regression was used to explore the association between lymphocyte subsets and the severity of GAD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the predictive value of these immunological parameters for GAD. Machine learning technology was applied to classify the collected data from patients in the GAD and healthy control groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 340 patients enrolled, 171 were GAD patients, and 169 were non-GAD patients as healthy control. The levels of neutrophil, monocytes, and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) were significantly elevated in GAD patients (p < 0.01), and the count and proportion of immune cells, including CD3+CD4+ T cells, CD3+CD8+ T cells, CD19+ B cells, and CD3-CD16+CD56+ NK cells (p < 0.001), have undergone large changes. The classification analysis conducted by machine learning using a weighted ensemble-L2 algorithm demonstrated an accuracy of 95.00 ± 2.04% in assessing the predictive value of these lymphocyte subsets in GAD. In addition, the feature importance analysis score is 0.255, which was much more predictive of GAD severity than for other lymphocyte subsets.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the presented work, we show the level of lymphocyte subsets altered in GAD. Lymphocyte subsets, specifically CD3+CD4+ T %, can serve as neuroinflammatory biomarkers for GAD diagnostics. Furthermore, the application of machine learning offers a highly efficient approach for investigating neuroinflammatory biomarkers and predicting GAD. Our research has provided novel insights into the involvement of cellular immunity in GAD and highlighted the potential predictive value and therapeutic targets of lymphocyte subsets in this disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":" ","pages":"74-85"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood Maltreatment and Somatic Symptoms in Adulthood: Establishing a New Research Pathway.","authors":"Antonia M Lüönd, Görkem Ayas, Rahel Bachem, Julia Carranza-Neira, David J Eberle, Natalia E Fares-Otero, Mohammad Hashim, Naved Iqbal, Dan Jenkins, Saman Kamari Songhorabadi, Katharina Ledermann, Nino Makhashvili, Chantal Martin-Soelch, Ertaç Nebioğlu, Misari Oe, Juliet N Olayinka, Miranda Olff, Laura Picot, Soraya Seedat, Tanya Tandon, Dany L Wadji, Jacqueline S Womersley, Ulrich Schnyder, Vedat Sar, Monique C Pfaltz, Deniz Ceylan","doi":"10.1159/000543438","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Somatic symptoms, such as chronic pain, fatigue, and gastrointestinal disturbances, are commonly reported in individuals with a history of childhood maltreatment (CM), which includes various forms of abuse and neglect experienced before age 18. Although CM is strongly associated with somatic symptoms, the specific relationships between CM subtypes and these symptoms, as well as the mechanisms connecting them, remain insufficiently understood. This review examines the complex interaction between CM and somatic symptoms, which often coexist with mental disorders and significantly impact quality of life and healthcare systems.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Somatic symptoms, frequently a mix of \"explained\" and \"unexplained\" conditions, are associated with personal distress and pose diagnostic challenges. CM has been linked to these symptoms through neurobiological mechanisms, such as HPA axis dysregulation and allostatic load, while theoretical models emphasize the roles of hyperawareness, cultural factors, and vulnerability in symptom development. However, existing research often fails to account for specific CM subtypes, the full range of somatic symptoms, and cultural and situational factors, leading to inconsistencies in findings.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Bridging gaps in literature requires adopting the World Health Organization's CM subtype definitions and ICD-11 codes (MA00-MH2Y) to encompass a broader spectrum of somatic symptoms. Employing rigorous methodologies, such as systematic reviews and meta-analyses, is essential for advancing understanding. These approaches can enhance diagnostic accuracy, support tailored interventions, and promote a biopsychosocial framework for CM research, ultimately improving patient outcomes and alleviating societal burdens.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":" ","pages":"113-120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}