Neuropsychobiology最新文献

{"title":"Anhedonia and Reward Learning in Major Depression: State or Trait?","authors":"Ahmet Gürcan, Koray Başar, Sevilay Karahan","doi":"10.1159/000553592","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000553592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Anhedonia and reward processing deficits are core features of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, their persistence following remission remains unclear, hindering the differentiation between state versus trait characteristics. This study investigated clinically assessed anhedonia and reward-related learning in individuals with current MDD (MD), remitted MDD (RMD), and healthy controls (HCs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed 26 individuals with current MDD, 35 with RMD, and 37 HC. Anhedonia was measured using the Clinician-Administered Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS-C-TR). Reward-related learning was evaluated using the probabilistic reward task (PRT). Depressive and anxiety symptoms were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MD group exhibited significantly higher anhedonia and greater depressive and anxiety symptoms compared to both RMD and HC groups. Crucially, anhedonia scores did not differ between the RMD and HC groups. While a significant learning effect on the PRT was observed across the entire sample, there were no significant differences in task performance among the three groups, even after controlling for covariates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clinically assessed anhedonia appears to be a state-dependent symptom that normalizes with remission. In contrast, reward-related learning, assessed via the PRT, was not significantly impaired in either current or remitted depression. These findings suggest a potential dissociation between the experience of clinically assessed anhedonia and reward learning deficits in MDD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148562409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monoamine Neurotransmitters in Saliva: Novel Biomarkers of CNS Function and Therapeutic Response?","authors":"Layla Bleibel, Rami Altabbouche, Bojana Vuksan, Azin Sirwan Hassan, Michal Seweryn Karbownik","doi":"10.1159/000553317","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000553317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Monoamine neurotransmitters, including catecholamines (i.e., norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine), and the indolamine serotonin play important roles in signaling in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Alterations in neurotransmission may be suggestive of neuroendocrine or psychiatric disorders, may reflect therapeutic responses, and are often considered relevant to mental health. Monoamine modulators and their metabolites are detectable in saliva, suggesting that saliva could represent an attractive, noninvasive, and cost-effective matrix for identifying and monitoring conditions in both healthy and diseased individuals. Accordingly, measuring salivary monoamine neurotransmitters may have scientific and possible clinical relevance.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>In this review, we summarize and critically evaluate current evidence on salivary dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin, and their respective metabolites.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Although further research is required to clarify their biological significance and clinical applicability, existing findings suggest that salivary monoamine measurement may hold potential, albeit with important limitations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148549937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autonomic Nervous System Regulation in Women: Electrophysiological Signatures of Stress Reactivity across the Female Lifespan.","authors":"Hasan Kazdağlı, Tülin Altınoluk","doi":"10.1159/000553294","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000553294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Women exhibit distinct stress-response patterns shaped by dynamic interactions between ovarian hormones, the autonomic nervous system (ANS), and cortical stress-processing circuits. Across the female lifespan, hormonal transitions, including the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, postpartum period, perimenopause, and menopause, are associated with heightened vulnerability to mood and anxiety disorders, underscoring the need for sex-specific physiological frameworks. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on how hormonal fluctuations modulate stress physiology in women, with a particular focus on noninvasive biomarkers derived from heart rate variability (HRV), electrodermal activity (EDA), and electroencephalography (EEG).</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>HRV emerges as a key marker of female stress reactivity, reflecting shifts in sympathetic-parasympathetic balance that vary across hormonal states and life stages. Estrogen is generally associated with enhanced vagal modulation and higher HRV, whereas progesterone and estrogen withdrawal are linked to reduced vagal modulation and relatively greater sympathetic activation, patterns that are especially pronounced during the luteal phase, pregnancy progression, postpartum, and menopause. Complementary measures provide additional insight: EDA indexes sympathetic arousal and captures hormonally driven changes in emotional reactivity, while EEG reflects cortical dynamics underlying affective style, cognitive control, and stress sensitivity. Current evidence suggests that multimodal HRV-EDA-EEG assessment may provide a more comprehensive physiological characterization of stress-related autonomic and cortical regulation by integrating complementary signals across central and peripheral systems. However, its clinical and predictive utility remains to be established in longitudinal, hormone-informed studies.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>By consolidating findings across key female life stages, this review highlights how hormonal modulation of ANS-brain interactions contributes to sex-specific stress profiles and psychiatric risk. We conclude that multimodal physiological assessment represents a promising research framework for characterizing women's stress physiology, while its translation into personalized prevention or intervention strategies requires further validation through standardized, longitudinal, and hormone-informed studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148437403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kynurenic Acid Offers Added Value in Predicting ECT Outcomes in Depression.","authors":"Annelies Dellink, Jean-Baptiste Belge, Pascal Sienaert, Simon Lambrichts, Didier Schrijvers, Linda Van Diermen, Manuel Morrens, Violette Coppens","doi":"10.1159/000552240","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is among the most effective treatments for severe depression, yet determining who will benefit remains challenging due to the lack of reliable predictors of treatment response. While clinical characteristics such as higher age and psychotic features are associated with increased odds of treatment success, their limited predictive value underscores the need for multimodal prediction models that integrate biological markers. Identifying such predictive biomarkers could facilitate a more personalized treatment strategy, optimize patient selection and increase ECT response rates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective cohort study (n = 74), we developed multivariable linear and logistic regression models to assess the predictive value of plasma immune markers and their added contribution to clinical prediction models for ECT outcomes. Depressive symptom reduction was measured using the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS-C).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Kynurenic acid (KYNA) emerged as a significant predictor of the percentage symptom reduction and remission after ECT and significantly improved the prediction of response when added to clinical predictors. Subgroup analyses revealed stronger predictive value for KYNA in unipolar depression, males, and patients without comorbid inflammation (i.e., without acute infections or chronic inflammatory disease), suggesting its relevance in specific patient populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>KYNA shows promise as a predictive biomarker for ECT outcomes. Future research should validate its robustness across diverse cohorts and patient subgroups to enable its clinical integration into personalized treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148278301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decreased Specific Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer Effect in Internet Gaming Disorder following Short-Term Abstinence from Gaming.","authors":"Yanyin Zhou, Yelu Liu, Dantong Wu, Xiaohong Peng, Yanjie Peng, Yu Sun, Yuanfeng Wang, Zhibin Zhou, Chi Su, Yu Huang, Wenxin Xu, Jing Chen, Wei Lei","doi":"10.1159/000552850","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Enhanced game-related specific Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (SPIT) has been observed in Internet gaming disorder (IGD). However, it remains unclear whether this effect is malleable. This study examined whether short-term abstinence from gaming modulates game-related SPIT effect in this population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty young adults with IGD were recruited and assigned to two groups. The abstinence group (n = 29) refrained from gaming for 7 days, with compliance verified through daily mobile screenshots and self-reports; the control group (n = 31) maintained their usual gaming routines. Game-related SPIT was measured before (D0) and after (D7) the abstinence period, and social-reward general PIT (GPIT) was assessed as a comparison. During the Pavlovian phase, three abstract patterns (conditioned stimuli, CSs) were each paired with game-, social-, or shopping-related rewards. In the instrumental phase, 2 keys (G and F) were paired separately with game- and shopping-related rewards. Game and pleasure- and arousal-matched shopping and social-reward images were used as rewards in training. Finally, the influence of the CSs on instrumental responses (PIT effects) were tested in the transfer phase. Linear mixed models were applied to assess the change of SPIT and GPIT effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>(1) We observed a significant three-way CS × time × group interaction in the choice rate for game-related rewards; the abstinence group demonstrated a significant declined G-key choices from D0 to D7 (b = -1.413, z = -3.521, p < 0.001, OR = 0.243), whereas the control group remained stable, indicting a selective attenuation of SPIT effect following abstinence. (2) There was a significant time × group interaction for IGDS scores (F_{1, 58} = 8.008, p = 0.006, η_p2 = 0.121), where the abstinence group showed more reduction in IGDS scores over time than controls. (3) Within the abstinence group, the magnitude of the SPIT reduction was significantly correlated with the decrease in IGDS scores (r = 0.395, p = 0.046). (4) No significant changes of social-reward-related GPIT effect were observed in either group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings demonstrate a declined game-related SPIT effect in young adults with IGD after a brief period of gaming abstinence. This points to a reversible incentive sensitization process in IGD, where heightened motivational salience attributed to gaming cues may diminish following abstinence, supporting the potential clinical value of integrating short-term, supervised abstinence within therapeutic interventions for IGD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148259127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Psychotic Symptoms and Their Clinical Correlates in Elderly Major Depressive Disorder Patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism.","authors":"Xiu-Wen Wang, Min Li, Xiao-Qian Wang, Jian-Jun Zhang, Xiang-Yang Zhang","doi":"10.1159/000552979","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552979","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), thyroid dysfunction is highly correlated with depression severity and psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. However, the prevalence and clinical correlates of psychotic symptoms in older MDD patients with subclinical hypothyroidism are rarely reported in China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 172 older patients with first-episode and untreated MDD (aged ≥50 years). We used the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale positive subscale, and Global Impression of Severity Scale to assess depression, anxiety, psychotic symptoms, and disease severity, with each symptom/dimension evaluated in turn.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of psychotic symptoms was 18.6% (95% confidence interval: 13.5%-25.1%) in older MDD patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and HAMA scores were clinical correlates for psychotic symptoms in older MDD patients with subclinical hypothyroidism.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results suggest that psychotic symptoms are common and higher TSH levels may indicate more psychotic symptoms in older MDD patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. Serum thyroid hormones screening is crucial in older MDD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148259169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicians' Preferences and Attitudes toward the Use of Lithium in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorders in Mexico.","authors":"Carlos Arnaud-Gil, Manuel Sánchez de Carmona, Bernardo Ng, Alejandro Molina López, Ana Fresán-Orellana, Gabriela de Los Santos Cardó, David Eduardo Saucedo Martínez, Jesús Eduardo Hernández de León, José Carlo Frausto González, Guillermo Barrenechea-Quijano, Joanna Jiménez-Pavón","doi":"10.1159/000551619","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Lithium remains a crucial treatment for bipolar disorder, with well-supported effectiveness in stabilizing mood and preventing suicide. A global decline in lithium prescriptions has been observed - often due to safety concerns, demand, and issues with clinician training. In Mexico, recent data on prescribing habits and barriers to lithium use are lacking. This study aimed to assess current trends, challenges, and clinical opinions about lithium among psychiatrists and psychiatry residents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 27-item Spanish questionnaire, adapted from the ISBD Lithium Task Force survey, was distributed electronically through national psychiatric associations and professional networks between April and June 2025. Descriptive and stratified analyses were performed based on practice setting and years of clinical experience, and a multivariable logistic regression identified predictors of frequent lithium avoidance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 267 clinicians participated in the survey. Lithium was the preferred first-line option for maintenance therapy (46.1%), yet 52.5% of respondents reported avoiding it. During maintenance, 53.8% of clinicians aimed for serum lithium levels between 0.5 and 0.8 mEq/L. For manic episodes, higher targets were common: 65.0% aimed for 0.8-1.0 mEq/L, and 10.9% sought levels above 1.0 mEq/L. Early-career clinicians in public settings reported the greatest structural barriers, such as limited access to serum monitoring and medication shortages. Overall, nearly half faced availability challenges, with medication unavailability being the strongest predictor of lithium avoidance in multivariable models (OR = 3.4). The main barrier was medication unavailability (46.1%), and the most common adherence strategy was patient psychoeducation about lithium's long-term benefits (75.3%), followed by dose adjustments to reduce adverse effects (58.4%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mexican clinicians generally support lithium as a key maintenance treatment for bipolar disorder. However, its use is limited by supply issues and infrastructure gaps, especially in the public sector and among early-career practitioners. Ensuring a steady supply of lithium, improving laboratory capacity, and providing practical training could help maintain lithium as an evidence-based, first-line option in Mexico's mental healthcare system.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148259121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence on Deliberate Self-Harm, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicides in Pakistan: A Scoping Review of Methods, Contributing Factors, and Associated Mental Disorders.","authors":"Zoofa Talha, Hafiz Sultan Ahmad, Aida Uzakova, Nayab Shehzadi, Sameera Shabbir, Ahmed Shabbir Chaudary, Ishtiaq Ahmad","doi":"10.1159/000552408","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Suicide is a major global public health problem, responsible for over 1 in 100 deaths worldwide, with South Asian countries bearing a particularly high burden. In Pakistan, the absence of a national suicide surveillance system obscures the true scale of the issue. This review aims to systematically map the existing literature on suicide in Pakistan, with a focus on identifying key contributing factors, commonly used methods, and the role of underlying mental health conditions associated with suicidal ideation, deliberate self-harm, and suicidal attempts.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This scoping review followed methodological approach outlined by Arksey and O'Malley, integrating the evidence from both peer-reviewed sources and gray literature. We searched National library of medicine MEDLINE (PUBMED), Directory of open access Journals (DOAJ), Cochrane trial registers (CRG), Pakistan Medical Research Council (PMRC) Publications, <ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://Pakmedinet.com\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Pakmedinet.com</ext-link>, Google scholar, PubMed Central (PMC) from year 2010 to 2025 using a combination of key terms. A total of 61 studies were included, including a thesis from the gray literature. Most of the included studies were cross-sectional and urban-based, with limited focus on rural areas, indicating a significant data gap. Females showed higher rates of deliberate self-harm and suicide. At-risk groups included young adults and transgender individuals. The key contributing factors were domestic violence, academic pressure, emotional strain, and low socioeconomic status. Self-poisoning was the most common method, with increasing cases involving paraphenylenediamine. Emerging trends also include suicide related to online gaming (e.g., PUBG). Hanging and firearm use remain prevalent methods. Although formal psychiatric diagnoses were rarely reported, depression and anxiety were frequently associated with suicide.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Suicide remains a critical yet underreported issue in Pakistan, driven by easy access to lethal means, weak regulation, and evolving risk factors such as online gaming. Vulnerable groups include women, transgender individuals, and youth, often affected by violence, academic pressure, and untreated mental health conditions. Addressing this crisis requires improved surveillance, restricted access to means, early mental health intervention, and coordinated prevention efforts across sectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13375204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147931911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Lithium Treatment and Sensory Processing Sensitivity in Bipolar Disorder Patients.","authors":"Ewa Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Małgorzata Gałczyńska-Rusin, Natalia Grobelna, Janusz K Rybakowski, Filip Rybakowski","doi":"10.1159/000550155","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) describes innate temperament, which consists of three characteristics: ease of excitation (EOE), low sensory threshold (LST), and aesthetic sensitivity (AES). There has been no research on SPS in bipolar disorder (BD), nor the effect of treatment on these traits. Relations between temperament, personality, and the course of BD are complex and modify the effect of treatment. Long-term lithium treatment modifies course of the illness and excellent lithium responders are known from their unique clinical characteristic. The aim of the study was to examine the relation between pharmacological treatment and SPS in BD patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study group comprised 35 patients (F/M = 26/9) with BD, where 20 patients were diagnosed with BD type I and 15 patients with BD type II. Twenty patients were treated with lithium (16 ± 13 years) and fifteen with other mood stabilizers (14 ± 4 years). The comparison between groups included parameters: BD type, clinical characteristics (family history, suicidal attempts, duration of illness, duration of treatment), type of treatment and gender in relation to sensory sensitivity traits. The highly sensitive person scale (HSPS) including 27 items and distinguishing three parameters: EOE, LST, and AES were used. To assess quality of lithium treatment, the Alda scale was implemented.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lithium-treated patients obtained significantly lower scores on HSPS total score (4.27 vs. 4.98, p = 0.009) and EOE (4.05 vs. 5.23, p = 0.002), compared to patients treated with other mood stabilizers. AES and LST remained on similar level in both groups (however, the results are limited by insufficient statistical power). Also, the negative correlation between LST score and Alda scale score was obtained (r = -0.484; p = 0.031). There was no difference according to clinical characteristics between BD I and BD II, as well as between males and females.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Longitudinal treatment with lithium could reduce overall SPS traits, particularly \"EOE\". However, it is possible that low intensity of these traits is a factor in good response to lithium. Also, lithium treatment may not reduce aesthetic sensitivity, parameter related to creativity. \"Low sensory threshold\" can be considered as negative predictor of lithium treatment outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":" ","pages":"85-94"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146113913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Increase in C-Reactive Protein Levels during Antidepressant Treatment as a Candidate Marker for Treatment Nonresponse in Major Depressive Disorder.","authors":"Marius Solon Etzel, Yevgenia Rosenblum, Martin Dresler, Axel Steiger, Thorsten Mikoteit, Marcel Zeising","doi":"10.1159/000551623","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>One-third of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibit low-grade inflammation as reflected by C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations >3 mg/L. We explored whether CRP changes from baseline to week one of antidepressant treatment (ΔCRP) can serve as a marker of treatment response.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CRP serum levels were measured at baseline and after the first week of treatment in 33 MDD patients and correlated with patients' Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), while adjusting for age, gender, and body mass index. We assessed antidepressant responses at weeks one and four of treatment as a >25% and >50% HAM-D score reduction (ΔHAM-D) compared to baseline, respectively. We compared baseline and week-one CRP levels with the paired t test within responders and nonresponders separately and ΔCRP between the groups with the ANCOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher ΔCRP correlated with lower week-four ΔHAM-D scores (r = -0.5, p = 0.006). Nonresponders showed higher ΔCRP - but not baseline and week-one CRP - than responders (p = 0.018, Cohen's d = 1.1). A ΔCRP increase was observed in 13/16 (81%) nonresponders and 7/17 (41%) responders (Fisher's exact test's p = 0.03). A ΔCRP increase combined with a week-one nonresponse was observed in 13/16 (81%) nonresponders and 1/17 (6%) responders (p < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Rather ΔCRP at week one than baseline CRP might be indicative of treatment response at week four, especially if combined with week-one ΔHAM-D. In the future, ΔCRP could be introduced into psychiatric practice to guide treatment plans.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":" ","pages":"219-230"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147581802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}