Neuropsychobiology最新文献

{"title":"PROVIT-CLOCK: A Potential Influence of Probiotics and Vitamin B7 Add-On Treatment and Metabolites on Clock Gene Expression in Major Depression.","authors":"Kathrin Kreuzer, Anna Maria Birkl-Toeglhofer, Johannes Haybaeck, Alexandra Reiter, Nina Dalkner, Frederike T Fellendorf, Alexander Maget, Martina Platzer, Matthias Seidl, Lilli-Marie Mendel, Melanie Lenger, Armin Birner, Robert Queissner, Marco Mairinger, Anna Obermayer, Alexandra Kohlhammer-Dohr, Tatjana Maria Stross, Alfred Häussl, Carlo Hamm, Helmut Schöggl, Daniela Amberger-Otti, Annamaria Painold, Theresa Lahousen-Luxenberger, Birgitta Leitner-Afschar, Tanja Färber, Sabrina Mörkl, Jolana Wagner-Skacel, Nathalie Meier-Allard, Sonja Lackner, Sandra Holasek, Hansjörg Habisch, Tobias Madl, Eva Reininghaus, Susanne Astrid Bengesser","doi":"10.1159/000538781","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000538781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>An increasing body of evidence suggests a strong relationship between gut health and mental state. Lately, a connection between butyrate-producing bacteria and sleep quality has been discussed. The PROVIT study, as a randomized, double-blind, 4-week, multispecies probiotic intervention study, aims at elucidating the potential interconnection between the gut's metabolome and the molecular clock in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The aim of the PROVIT-CLOCK study was to analyze changes in core clock gene expression during treatment with probiotic intervention versus placebo in fasting blood and the connection with the serum- and stool-metabolome in patients with MDD (n = 53). In addition to clinical assessments in the PROVIT study, metabolomics analyses with 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (stool and serum) and gene expression (RT-qPCR) analysis of the core clock genes ARNTL, PER3, CLOCK, TIMELESS, NR1D1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of fasting blood were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The gene expression levels of the clock gene CLOCK were significantly altered only in individuals receiving probiotic add-on treatment. TIMELESS and ARNTL gene expression changed significantly over the 4-week intervention period in both groups. Various positive and negative correlations between metabolites in serum/stool and core clock gene expression levels were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Changing the gut microbiome by probiotic treatment potentially influences CLOCK gene expression. The preliminary results of the PROVIT-CLOCK study indicate a possible interconnection between the gut microbiome and circadian rhythm potentially orchestrated by metabolites.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":" ","pages":"135-151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11548105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141081956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prof. Werner Strik's Retirement from the Role of Editor-in-Chief of Neuropsychobiology.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000536280","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000536280","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139472791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain Functional Correlates of Recall of Life Events in Medication-Naïve Adolescents with Borderline Personality Disorder.","authors":"Pilar Salgado-Pineda, Marc Ferrer, Natàlia Calvo, Xavier Costa, María Ángeles Pozuelo-López, Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, Brenda Tarragona, Paola Fuentes-Claramonte, Raymond Salvador, Edith Pomarol-Clotet","doi":"10.1159/000535409","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000535409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Recall of autobiographical events has been found to be impaired in borderline personality disorder (BPD), but few studies have examined if this impairment has brain functional correlates. This study evaluated brain functional alterations during autobiographical recall using medication-naive adolescent patients to avoid potential confounding effects of treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-two adolescent female patients with BPD who were never-medicated and without psychiatric comorbidity and 33 matched healthy females underwent fMRI while they viewed individualized cue words that evoked autobiographical memories. Control conditions included viewing non-memory-evoking cues and a low-level baseline (cross-fixation).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During autobiographical recall, in comparison to the low-level baseline, the BPD patients showed increased brain activity in regions including the posterior hippocampus, the lingual and calcarine cortex, and the precuneus compared to the healthy controls. The BPD patients also showed a failure to deactivate the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during autobiographical recall. No patient-control differences were found when memory-evoking words were compared to non-memory-evoking words.</p><p><strong>Discussion/conclusions: </strong>This study finds evidence of hippocampal/lingual/calcarine/precuneus hyperactivation to stimuli that evoke autobiographical memories in patients with BPD. As the changes were seen in never-treated patients without other comorbidities, they could be considered intrinsic to the disorder. Our study also adds to existing evidence for failure of deactivation in BPD, this time outside the default mode network.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":" ","pages":"49-60"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139520338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"18q Deletion Syndrome-Associated Schizophrenia: A Case Report.","authors":"Mark A Colijn, David N Crockford","doi":"10.1159/000538693","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000538693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>18q deletion syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by various neurodevelopmental anomalies and medical issues. Although the occurrence of psychosis has been reported in a small number of cases, details regarding the nature of such symptoms and their response to treatment have not been described.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We describe a 31-year-old male with a history of speech delays, autistic features, a tethered spinal cord, bilateral vertical talus, subaortic stenosis and aortic regurgitation, recurrent otitis media, mild hearing loss, and hypospadias, who experienced a first episode of psychosis in his late 20s. His psychotic symptoms included auditory hallucinations, various delusions, and disorganization of thought. Although his presentation is atypical in certain ways (e.g., exhibiting highly fluctuant symptoms), he nonetheless meets criteria for schizophrenia. Given his overall clinical picture, chromosomal microarray analysis was completed, which revealed a 19.78 Mb deletion at 18q21.32 from nucleotide 58,226,713 to 78,015,180 (GRCh37). Despite exhibiting a somewhat idiosyncratic response to numerous antipsychotic medications, he eventually achieved partial remission of symptoms with improved insight on relatively low dose oral aripiprazole therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first in-depth description of 18q deletion syndrome-associated schizophrenia. While our patient's atypical presentation and idiosyncratic response to treatment may be mediated by his comorbid diagnosis of autism, his unusual psychiatric phenotype may alternatively be directly related to his underlying genetic disorder. The description of additional cases in the future will hopefully help clarify matters further.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":" ","pages":"179-182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140857608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting Method for rTMS for Treating Depression in Japanese Patients: A Comparison of the Standard, F3, and Neuronavigation Approaches.","authors":"Banri Tsukuda, Shunichiro Ikeda, Shota Minami, Koji Katsura, Toshiyuki Shimizu, Tomohide Kame, Keiichiro Nishida, Masafumi Yoshimura, Toshihiko Kinoshita","doi":"10.1159/000541006","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (lDLPFC) is a commonly targeted brain region for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for depression. The lDLPFC has been identified using the \"5-cm rule.\" However, identification of the lDLPFC may deviate from the ideal stimulation site localized by neuronavigation. Therefore, we aimed to compare this method with other methods and examine the relationship between deviation from the ideal stimulation site and treatment effects. While most existing studies have focused on participants of European descent, this study focused on Japanese participants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study participants were 16 patients who underwent rTMS and had the stimulus location identified using the 5-cm method. The lDLPFC was identified by the F3 electrode position and neuronavigation in addition to the 5-cm rule, and these locations were compared. We then performed a correlation analysis of the distance between the sites identified by the 5-cm method and by neuronavigation, as well as changes in scores on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The lDLPFC identified by the F3 site and neuronavigation was approximately 3 cm more anterolateral than that identified by the 5-cm method. A significant correlation was found between the distance between the sites identified by the 5-cm method and neuronavigation and the rate of change in HAMD-17 scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ideal stimulation site may be approximately 3 cm anterior to the site identified by the 5-cm method, and stimulation of the F3 site may be a valid alternative to the 5-cm method.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":" ","pages":"170-178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light Exposure on Alertness after Wake-Up in Healthy Men: Comparing Dim, Bright, Red, and Blue Light.","authors":"Liza Mekschrat, Torsten Straßer, Shiwa Ghassabei, Bjarne Schmalbach, Mathias Niedling, Katja Petrowski","doi":"10.1159/000541230","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Light is a key factor in moderating human alertness, both subjective and objective. However, the methodology applies in research on the effects of exposure to light of different wavelengths and intensities on objective and subjective alertness varies greatly and evidence on objective alertness in particular is still inconclusive. Thus, the present, highly standardized within-subject laboratory study on N = 44 healthy males explored how LED light of different intensities (dim vs. bright light) and wavelengths (red vs. blue) affected objective (reaction time/RT) as well as subjective (sleepiness) alertness in the morning after wake-up.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants spent two separate nights in the laboratory and were exposed to either one of the two light intensities or colors for 60 min after wake-up. Additionally, they indicated their sleepiness on the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale and participated in an auditory RT task before and after light intervention. It was hypothesized that both bright and blue light would lead to greater subjective and objective alertness when compared to dim and red light, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicated that average RTs were longer for participants in the bright light condition (p = 0.004, f2 = 0.07) and that RTs decreased post-light exposure irrespective of light being dim or bright (p = 0.026, f2 = 0.07). However, dim versus bright light and RT did not interact (p = 0.758, f2 = 0.07). Chronotype was a significant covariate in the interaction of dim versus bright light and subjective sleepiness (p = 0.008, f2 = 0.22). There was no difference in RTs when comparing exposure to red or blue light (p = 0.488, f2 = 0.01). Findings on subjective sleepiness and light of different wavelengths revealed that sleepiness was reduced after light exposure (p = 0.007, f2 = 0.06), although the wavelength of light did not appear to play a role in this effect (p = 0.817, f2 = 0.06).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hence, neither of the hypotheses could be confirmed. However, they indicated that evening types might benefit from exposure to bright light regarding sleepiness, but not morning types.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":" ","pages":"183-192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142471010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent Signal Stability in the Brain of Patients with Major Depressive Disorder Undergoing Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging.","authors":"Hao Zheng, Siyu Fan, Xiaonan Pang, Qiang Wei, Yue Wu, Yanghua Tian, Kai Wang","doi":"10.1159/000541720","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common, relapse-prone psychiatric disorder with unknown pathogenesis. Previous studies on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging of MDD have mostly focused on the spontaneous activity of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals; however, a few studies have investigated BOLD signal stability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a resting-state functional study in 42 patients with MDD and 42 healthy controls (HC) matched for age and sex. This included the BOLD signal stability, resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) analysis, correlation analysis, and support vector machine (SVM) analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The BOLD signal stability of the left fusiform gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus, right temporal pole superior temporal gyrus, and left thalamus was significantly lower in the MDD group compared to the HC group. Further RSFC analysis revealed that the connectivity between right inferior temporal gyrus and both left inferior temporal gyrus and left supramarginal gyrus was significantly reduced in the MDD group. Additionally, the RSFC levels of left thalamus and right thalamus were decreased. Combining BOLD signal stability and RSFC, the SVM-based classification model achieved an accuracy of 80.95% (sensitivity: 78.57%; specificity: 83.33%; receiver-operating characteristic area under the curve: 0.8793).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The integration of the BOLD signal stability index and RSFC index demonstrates a robust capability to differentiate between individuals with MDD and HC subjects. We tentatively believe that a combination of the BOLD signal stability index and RSFC can be used to diagnose MDD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":" ","pages":"193-204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142731122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurological, Metabolic, and Psychopathological Correlates of Lifetime Suicidal Behaviour in Major Depressive Disorder without Current Suicide Ideation.","authors":"Paolo Olgiati, Basilio Pecorino, Alessandro Serretti","doi":"10.1159/000537747","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000537747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Suicidal behaviour (SB) has a complex aetiology. Although suicidal ideation (SI) is considered the most important risk factor for future attempts, many people who engage in SB do not report it.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated neurological, metabolic, and psychopathological correlates of lifetime SB in two independent groups of patients with major depression (sample 1: n = 230; age: 18-65 years; sample 2: n = 258; age &gt;60 years) who did not report SI during an index episode.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among adults (sample 1), SB was reported by 141 subjects (58.7%) and severe SB by 33 (15%). After controlling for interactions, four risk factors for SB emerged: male gender (OR 2.55; 95% CI: 1.06-6.12), negative self-perception (OR 1.76; 95% CI: 1.08-2.87), subthreshold hypomania (OR 4.50; 95% CI: 1.57-12.85), and sexual abuse (OR 3.09; 95% CI: 1.28-7.48). The presence of at least two of these factors had the best accuracy in predicting SB: sensitivity = 57.6% (39.2-74.5); specificity = 75.1% (68.5-82.0); PPV = 27.9% (20.9-37.2); NPV = 91.4% (87.6-94.1). In older patients (sample 2), 23 subjects (9%) reported previous suicide attempts, which were characterized by earlier onset (25 years: OR 0.95: 0.92-0.98), impaired verbal performance (verbal fluency: OR 0.95: 0.89-0.99), higher HDL cholesterol levels (OR 1.04: 1.00-1.07) and more dyskinesias (OR 2.86: 1.22-6.70).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that SB is common in major depressive disorder, even when SI is not reported. In these individuals it is feasible and recommended to investigate both psychiatric and organic risk factors. The predictive power of models excluding SI is comparable to that of models including SI.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":" ","pages":"89-100"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140158622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GABAA Receptor Availability in Relation to Cortical Excitability in Depressed and Healthy: A Positron Emission Tomography and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study.","authors":"Linda Steinholtz, Elin Thörnblom, Robert Bodén, Anders Wall, Hans W Axelson, Mark Lubberink, David Fällmar, Jonas Persson","doi":"10.1159/000535512","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000535512","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) deficiency is suggested in depressive disorders, along with alterations in cortical excitability. However, whether these excitability changes are related to GABAA receptor availability is largely unknown. Our aim was to assess the correlation between these measures in depressed patients and healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-eight patients with a major depressive episode, measured before and after participating in a clinical trial with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and 15 controls underwent [11C]flumazenil positron emission tomography to assess GABAA receptor availability and paired pulse TMS (ppTMS) to evaluate cortical excitability. Both whole-brain voxel-wise GABAA receptor availability and mean values from left hand motor cortex and left paracentral lobule were correlated to the ppTMS outcomes: short-interval intracortical inhibition reflecting GABAA receptor activity, long-interval intracortical inhibition representing GABAB receptor activity, intracortical facilitation reflecting glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor activity, as well as the resting motor threshold (rMT), considered a global measure of corticospinal excitability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences in baseline GABAA receptor availability or cortical excitability were found between patients and controls. Additionally, no correlations were observed between baseline measurements of GABAA receptor availability and TMS outcomes. Changes in GABAA receptor availability in the hand motor cortex, between pre- and post-assessments, were inversely related to pre-post changes in hand rMT.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found that a change in GABAA receptor availability was inversely related to a change in rMT, suggesting a link between GABA deficiency and increased rMT previously observed in depressive episodes. The results highlight the complex mechanisms governing cortical excitability measures and offer new insight into their properties during the depressive state.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":" ","pages":"17-27"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10871686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139049081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methylation of the Oxytocin, Oxytocin Receptor, and Vasopressin Gene Promoters in Tobacco Use Disorder during Cessation.","authors":"Phileas Johannes Proskynitopoulos, Stefan Bleich, Marc Andre Nicolas Muschler, Vanessa Buchholz, Helge Frieling, Alexander Glahn, Mathias Rhein","doi":"10.1159/000535663","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000535663","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) exert sex-specific effects on social pair bonding and stress reactions while also influencing craving in substance use disorders. In this regard, intranasal oxytocin (OT) and AVP antagonists present potential treatments for tobacco use disorder (TUD). Since transcription of both hormones is also regulated by gene methylation, we hypothesized sex-specific changes in methylation levels of the AVP, OT, and OT receptor (OXTR) gene during nicotine withdrawal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study population consisted of 49 smokers (29 males, 20 females) and 51 healthy non-smokers (25 males, 26 females). Blood was drawn at day 1, day 7, and day 14 of smoking cessation. Craving was assessed with the questionnaire on smoking urges (QSU).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Throughout cessation, mean methylation of the OT promoter gene increased in males and decreased in females. OXTR receptor methylation decreased in females, while in males it was significantly lower at day 7. Regarding the AVP promoter, mean methylation increased in males while there were no changes in females. Using mixed linear modeling, CpG position, time point, sex, and the interaction of time point and sex as well as time point, sex, and QSU had a significant fixed effect on OT and AVP gene methylation. The interaction effect suggests that sex, time point, and QSU are interrelated, meaning that, depending on the sex, methylation could be different at different time points and vice versa. There was no significant effect of QSU on mean OXTR methylation.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>We identified differences at specific CpGs between controls and smokers in OT and AVP and in overall methylation of the AVP gene. Furthermore, we found sex-specific changes in mean methylation levels of the mentioned genes throughout smoking cessation, underlining the relevance of sex in the OT and vasopressin system. This is the first study on epigenetic regulation of the OT promoter in TUD. Our results have implications for research on the utility of the AVP and OT system for treating substance craving. Future studies on both targets need to analyze their effect in the context of sex, social factors, and gene regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19239,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychobiology","volume":" ","pages":"28-40"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10871687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139378015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}