{"title":"Fence-post-like Stereoelectroencephalography Electrode-guided Focus Resection Technique: Technical Note.","authors":"Takafumi Shimogawa, Nobutaka Mukae, Takato Morioka, Kazuhisa Kuwabara, Hiroshi Shigeto, Yasunari Sakai, Takahiko Mukaino, Ayumi Sakata, Eriko Watanabe, Akira Nakamizo, Koji Yoshimoto","doi":"10.2176/jns-nmc.2025-0151","DOIUrl":"10.2176/jns-nmc.2025-0151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stereoelectroencephalography electrodes are widely used to identify the epileptogenic zone. When performing resection of the epileptogenic zone identified by intracranial electroencephalography using stereoelectroencephalography electrodes, accurate delineation of the resection boundaries is critical for complete removal while preserving neurological function. However, intraoperative brain shifts often make it difficult to identify the resection boundaries. To address this challenge, we aimed to develop a novel surgical approach, the fence-post-like stereoelectroencephalography electrode-guided focus resection technique, in which implanted stereoelectroencephalography electrodes are used for epileptogenic zone localization and as intraoperative landmarks to guide precise resection. Between April 2021 and December 2024, 4 patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy underwent stereoelectroencephalography implantation followed by epileptogenic zone resection using the fence-post-like stereoelectroencephalography electrode-guided focus resection technique. In all patients, complete epileptogenic zone resection was achieved, and postoperative seizure outcomes were classified as Engel class I. Regarding complications, one patient experienced slight weakness in the distal upper limb due to resection involving the supplementary motor area; no complications were observed in the remaining patients. The fence-post-like stereoelectroencephalography electrode-guided focus resection technique facilitates accurate and safe epileptogenic zone resection, even in the presence of brain shift, and is expected to contribute to favorable seizure outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19225,"journal":{"name":"Neurologia medico-chirurgica","volume":" ","pages":"49-57"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12877438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145534524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neurorehabilitation with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation for Post-stroke Motor Recovery: A Three-arm Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Takamitsu Yamamoto, Sadahiro Maejima, Chikashi Fukaya, Moe Fujita, Shuntaro Kawaguchi, Yutaro Asakura, Shota Emi, Tomohito Satoh, Kohta Nakamura","doi":"10.2176/jns-nmc.2025-0264","DOIUrl":"10.2176/jns-nmc.2025-0264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We conducted a three-arm randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of upper-extremity motor recovery among post-stroke patients. Subacute post-stroke patients (n = 69) were randomly assigned into 3 groups: rehabilitation alone, rehabilitation with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, and rehabilitation with both repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation. For daily repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, 1,000 pulses were delivered to the hand area of the primary motor cortex in the ipsilesional hemisphere (10 trains of 10 Hz for 10 sec with a 15-sec intertrain interval). For daily repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation, 1,000 pulses was delivered to the paretic-side forearm (40 trains of 25 Hz for 1 sec with a 2-sec intertrain interval). We also randomly assigned the patients into 3 groups based on their Brunnstrom recovery stages to make the Brunnstrom recovery stage distribution the same in each group. After 4 weeks of treatment, motor recovery was evaluated based on the changes in the patient's scores on the Fugl-Meyer Assessment. Compared to the rehabilitation-alone group, the rehabilitation + repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation group demonstrated significant additional improvement on the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (p < 0.05), and the rehabilitation + repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation + repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation group demonstrated the most evident Fugl-Meyer Assessment improvement (p < 0.01). No significant difference in Fugl-Meyer Assessment improvement was observed between the rehabilitation + repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation group and the rehabilitation + repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation + repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation group. These results indicate that the implementation of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation can facilitate motor recovery in subacute stroke patients, and repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation may be useful to enhance the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. The optimization of the best repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation protocols is a future task.</p>","PeriodicalId":19225,"journal":{"name":"Neurologia medico-chirurgica","volume":" ","pages":"16-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12877437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145701247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical Effects of Using the Combined Technique in the First Attempt for Acute Large-vessel Occlusion, with Specific Reference to Age Differences.","authors":"Tomosato Yamazaki, Masayuki Sato, Saaya Maruyama, Noriyuki Kato, Mikito Hayakawa, Hiroshi Yamagami, Yuji Matsumaru","doi":"10.2176/jns-nmc.2025-0192","DOIUrl":"10.2176/jns-nmc.2025-0192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The combined technique (simultaneous use of a stent retriever and contact aspiration) is widely used for mechanical thrombectomy to treat acute large-vessel occlusions, but its clinical benefits remain unclear. We compared the efficacy and safety of different vessel-recanalization strategies on clinical outcomes across age groups. We analyzed 301 consecutive patients with internal carotid or middle cerebral artery occlusions. Between January 2017 and March 2021, 145 patients underwent single-device mechanical thrombectomy (stent retriever or contact aspiration) as the first-line strategy. Between April 2021 and December 2023, the combined technique was used as the first-line strategy in 96 patients. The modified first-pass effect (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction grade ≥2b), final reperfusion outcomes, and functional outcomes were compared between strategy groups in patients <75 years and ≥75 years. In patients aged <75 years, the modified first-pass effect rate was significantly higher in the first-line combined-technique group than in the first-line single-device group (68.1% vs. 38.1%, p = 0.033), but favorable functional outcomes were similar. In patients ≥75 years, the first-line combined-technique group showed higher modified first-pass effect rates (61.3% vs. 42.7%, p = 0.03) and more frequent favorable functional outcomes than the first-line single-device group (31.3% vs. 13.4%, p = 0.0079). Thus, when performing mechanical thrombectomy for acute large-vessel occlusions, the combined technique should be used as a first-line strategy in older patients, as it is associated with more favorable functional outcomes than a first-line single-device strategy. In contrast, the favorable outcome rate in younger patients does not appear to differ by strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19225,"journal":{"name":"Neurologia medico-chirurgica","volume":" ","pages":"22-31"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12877433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145701290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental Development and Internal Validation of a Clinical Prediction Model for the Occurrence of Idiopathic C5 Palsy after Laminoplasty.","authors":"Ikuma Echizenya, Motoyuki Iwasaki, Yasukazu Hijikata, Kazuyoshi Yamazaki, Toru Sasamori, Shunsuke Yano, Kazutoshi Hida, Miki Fujimura","doi":"10.2176/jns-nmc.2025-0070","DOIUrl":"10.2176/jns-nmc.2025-0070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>C5 palsy is a significant yet poorly understood complication following cervical posterior surgery. Currently, few predictive models exist for estimating the preoperative risk of C5 palsy. This study aimed to develop and internally validate such a predictive model. We included patients aged 18 years or older who underwent cervical laminoplasty for cervical spondylosis or ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament at a single institution. Demographic and radiographic data were collected. Key radiographic parameters included the C2-7 Cobb angle, C7 slope, presence of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, anterior projection of the superior articular process of C5, and the width of the intervertebral foramen at C4/5, measured on computed tomography. Logistic regression with optimism adjustment was used to develop the model. A total of 180 patients were analyzed, with 18 cases (10.0%) of C5 palsy. Logistic regression identified width of the intervertebral foramen, C7 slope, age, and sex as significant predictors. The model demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.797 (95% confidence interval: 0.695-0.900) and a Brier score of 11.7%. After internal validation using bootstrapping, the optimism-adjusted area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.736 (95% confidence interval 0.629-0.830). Final regression coefficients were 0.054 for C7 slope, -0.039 for age, -1.161 for female sex, and -0.721 for width of the intervertebral foramen. In conclusion, we developed and internally validated a preoperative prediction model for C5 palsy following double-door laminoplasty. Predictors such as width of the intervertebral foramen, C7 slope, age, and sex may aid in risk assessment and surgical planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":19225,"journal":{"name":"Neurologia medico-chirurgica","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12877439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145534538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"2024 Japan Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Guidelines for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery.","authors":"","doi":"10.2176/jns-nmc.2025-0195","DOIUrl":"10.2176/jns-nmc.2025-0195","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19225,"journal":{"name":"Neurologia medico-chirurgica","volume":"66 Supplement-","pages":"S1-S25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13182614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147513527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Volume and Location Analysis of Intracerebral Hemorrhage for the Appropriate Use of Andexanet Alfa.","authors":"Takeru Umemura, Taketo Hatano, Yu Abekura, Takeshi Miyata, Yuji Agawa, Tomoya Ogawa, Takao Morita, Wataru Yoshizaki, Takashi Nagahori, Koki Mitani, Ryo Hamamoto, Yusuke Nakazawa, Yukiko Inamori, Wataru Shiraishi","doi":"10.2176/jns-nmc.2025-0164","DOIUrl":"10.2176/jns-nmc.2025-0164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Andexanet alfa was approved as a reversal agent for Factor Xa inhibitors in patients with uncontrolled or life-threatening bleeding, such as intracerebral hemorrhage. However, its use in cases of small hemorrhages remains controversial. This study determined the appropriate use of andexanet alfa on the basis of hematoma volume and location analysis. The study included consecutive patients with intracerebral hemorrhage who took Factor Xa inhibitors between January 2020 and December 2024. Individuals receiving standard care (January 2020-June 2022) and those being administered andexanet alfa (July 2022-December 2024) were compared and classified by hematoma volume (<5 mL, 5-30 mL, and >30 mL). Sixty-one patients were enrolled, with 27 and 34 patients receiving standard care and andexanet alfa care, respectively.Excellent hemostasis (hematoma increase <20%) and preserved neurological findings (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale change <4) were achieved in patients treated with andexanet alfa compared with patients who received standard care (p = 0.0007, p = 0.004). For middle-sized (5-30 mL) and large-sized (>30 mL) hematomas, the rate of patients with excellent hemostasis in andexanet alfa care was significantly higher than that of patients in standard care (p = 0.032, p = 0.035). Among small hematomas, those in the thalamus or brainstem were significantly associated with neurological deterioration due to hematoma expansion. Andexanet alfa prevented hematoma expansion in these regions of small hematomas (p = 0.0285). In conclusion, small hematomas located in deep regions such as the thalamus or brainstem and bigger than those in any location should be considered for treatment with andexanet alfa as a reversal agent of Factor Xa inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":19225,"journal":{"name":"Neurologia medico-chirurgica","volume":" ","pages":"607-614"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12799336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145346194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Full-endoscopic Spine Surgery for the Treatment of Far-out Syndrome: A Case Series.","authors":"Ryuichi Watanabe, Ryoji Tominaga, Kento Takebayashi, Yasushi Oshima, Hiroki Iwai, Hisashi Koga","doi":"10.2176/jns-nmc.2025-0168","DOIUrl":"10.2176/jns-nmc.2025-0168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Far-out syndrome is a pathological condition characterized by entrapment of the L5 nerve root by the L5 transverse process, sacral ala, vertebral body, and adjacent soft tissue. Although many cases of far-out syndrome have been reported, a standardized surgical approach has not yet been fully established. As older adults are often affected by this condition, full-endoscopic spine surgery may be a preferable option due to its minimally invasive nature.This case series included six far-out syndrome cases treated with full-endoscopic spine surgery at our hospital. Patient background and operative data were collected from medical records. The numerical rating scale scores for pain and numbness, and the modified MacNab criteria, were recorded for 1 year postoperatively.The mean age was 73.5 years, and the mean duration of symptoms was 46.5 months. The mean operative time was 62.7 min without complications. In five of six cases, the amount of intraoperative bleeding was lower than the measuring limit in our hospital. The numerical rating scale score for pain improved at 1 year after surgery in all cases except case 6, who sustained a vertebral compression fracture 11 months after full-endoscopic spine surgery. According to the modified MacNab criteria, excellent or good outcomes were observed in five cases (83%) except for case 6.Full-endoscopic spine surgery for far-out syndrome appears to offer not only minimal invasiveness but also satisfactory surgical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19225,"journal":{"name":"Neurologia medico-chirurgica","volume":" ","pages":"583-589"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12799337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145346219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reassessing the Role of the Subarcuate Artery in Hearing Preservation during Microvascular Decompression.","authors":"Takenori Kato, Toshinori Hasegawa, Akihiro Mizuno, Takehiro Naito, Hiroyuki Oishi, Naofumi Kosaka","doi":"10.2176/jns-nmc.2025-0159","DOIUrl":"10.2176/jns-nmc.2025-0159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The subarcuate artery, a branch of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery, has traditionally been considered a nonessential vessel whose sacrifice during cerebellopontine angle surgery is believed to produce no sequelae. Despite anatomical studies documenting the course and distribution of the subarcuate artery, no clinical reports have directly linked subarcuate artery injury to hearing impairment, reinforcing this traditional understanding. We retrospectively analyzed 3 cases of hearing impairment following subarcuate artery injury during microvascular decompression procedures, drawn from a series of 109 surgeries performed between January 2011 and December 2024 at our institution. All patients underwent continuous intraoperative auditory brainstem response monitoring, with detailed documentation of vascular events and corresponding signal changes. In all cases, intraoperative assessment confirmed that the labyrinthine artery remained intact, whereas the subarcuate artery was compromised. Each patient showed delayed auditory brainstem response deterioration, with complete signal loss occurring within 15-20 min after subarcuate artery manipulation. In 2 cases, deliberate transection or inadvertent avulsion of the subarcuate artery resulted in complete and permanent hearing loss. In the third case, a bleeding subarcuate artery was managed using compression hemostasis without coagulation, and serviceable hearing was preserved. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first clinical evidence that subarcuate artery injury can lead to hearing impairment, challenging the conventional understanding. The delayed auditory brainstem response deterioration pattern suggests that subarcuate artery injury affects inner ear perfusion through anastomotic connections with the labyrinthine artery, particularly in patients with anatomical variations. Therefore, we recommend preserving the subarcuate artery whenever possible to minimize the risk of postoperative hearing deficits.</p>","PeriodicalId":19225,"journal":{"name":"Neurologia medico-chirurgica","volume":" ","pages":"560-567"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12799346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145286565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Feasibility and Safety of a Novel 4 Fr Sheath Transradial and Transbrachial Approach for Mechanical Thrombectomy in Selected Patients.","authors":"Yoichiro Nagao, Takaomi Singu, Masaki Naganuma, Yuichiro Inatomi, Yoichiro Hashimoto, Toshiro Yonehara, Seigo Shindo, Mitsuharu Ueda, Makoto Nakajima","doi":"10.2176/jns-nmc.2025-0147","DOIUrl":"10.2176/jns-nmc.2025-0147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The transradial/transbrachial approach for mechanical thrombectomy offers potential reductions in access-site complications, but the feasibility of downsizing to a 4 Fr guiding sheath remains to be systematically assessed. To evaluate the feasibility and safety of mechanical thrombectomy performed through a 4 Fr transradial/transbrachial approach in selected patients and to compare procedural metrics with those of a contemporaneous transfemoral approach cohort treated at the same center, we retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy between December 2023 and December 2024. Overall, 17 patients were treated with a 4 Fr sheath through the right transradial/transbrachial approach and 87 with transfemoral approach. Baseline demographics, procedural times, recanalization rates, and access-site complications were compared using the Mann-Whitney U or χ<sup>2</sup> tests, as appropriate. Successful recanalization (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction grade ≥ 2b) was achieved in 14 of 17 cases (82%) in the 4 Fr group, comparable to 78 of 87 cases (90%) in the transfemoral approach group (p = 0.39). Median puncture-to-recanalization time was 34 min (interquartile range 27.8-67) versus 36 min (interquartile range 23-56.5) (p = 0.78). No symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in the 4 Fr cohort. Access-site complications were limited to 1 minor superficial hematoma (6%), whereas the transfemoral approach group experienced 3 access-site events (3.4%), all pseudoaneurysms. A 4 Fr transradial/transbrachial approach for mechanical thrombectomy is feasible and indicates a favorable safety profile without prolonging procedure time in carefully selected right-sided or posterior circulation lesions with low thrombus burden. Larger prospective studies are warranted to confirm these signals and to explore applicability to broader patient populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19225,"journal":{"name":"Neurologia medico-chirurgica","volume":" ","pages":"615-624"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12799344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145438643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}