npj Quantum Information最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Fast pseudorandom quantum state generators via inflationary quantum gates 通过膨胀量子门实现快速伪随机量子态发生器
IF 7.6 1区 物理与天体物理
npj Quantum Information Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41534-024-00831-y
Claudio Chamon, Eduardo R. Mucciolo, Andrei E. Ruckenstein, Zhi-Cheng Yang
{"title":"Fast pseudorandom quantum state generators via inflationary quantum gates","authors":"Claudio Chamon, Eduardo R. Mucciolo, Andrei E. Ruckenstein, Zhi-Cheng Yang","doi":"10.1038/s41534-024-00831-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-024-00831-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We propose a mechanism for reaching pseudorandom quantum states, computationally indistinguishable from Haar random, with shallow log-<i>n</i> depth quantum circuits, where <i>n</i> is the number of qudits. We argue that <span>(log n)</span> depth 2-qubit-gate-based generic random quantum circuits that are claimed to provide a lower bound on the speed of information scrambling, cannot produce computationally pseudorandom quantum states. This conclusion is connected with the presence of polynomial (in <i>n</i>) tails in the stay probability of short Pauli strings that survive evolution through such shallow circuits. We show, however, that stay-probability-tails can be eliminated and pseudorandom quantum states can be accomplished with shallow <span>(log n)</span> depth circuits built from a special universal family of “inflationary” quantum (IQ) gates. We prove that IQ-gates cannot be implemented with 2-qubit gates, but can be realized either as a subset of 2-qudit-gates in <i>U</i>(<i>d</i><sup>2</sup>) with <i>d</i> ≥ 3 and <i>d</i> prime, or as special 3-qubit gates.</p>","PeriodicalId":19212,"journal":{"name":"npj Quantum Information","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140547422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Verifying the security of a continuous variable quantum communication protocol via quantum metrology 通过量子计量学验证连续可变量子通信协议的安全性
IF 7.6 1区 物理与天体物理
npj Quantum Information Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41534-024-00834-9
Lorcán O. Conlon, Biveen Shajilal, Angus Walsh, Jie Zhao, Jiri Janousek, Ping Koy Lam, Syed M. Assad
{"title":"Verifying the security of a continuous variable quantum communication protocol via quantum metrology","authors":"Lorcán O. Conlon, Biveen Shajilal, Angus Walsh, Jie Zhao, Jiri Janousek, Ping Koy Lam, Syed M. Assad","doi":"10.1038/s41534-024-00834-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-024-00834-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Quantum mechanics offers the possibility of unconditionally secure communication between multiple remote parties. Security proofs for such protocols typically rely on bounding the capacity of the quantum channel in use. In a similar manner, Cramér-Rao bounds in quantum metrology place limits on how much information can be extracted from a given quantum state about some unknown parameters of interest. In this work we establish a connection between these two areas. We first demonstrate a three-party sensing protocol, where the attainable precision is dependent on how many parties work together. This protocol is then mapped to a secure access protocol, where only by working together can the parties gain access to some high security asset. Finally, we map the same task to a communication protocol where we demonstrate that a higher mutual information can be achieved when the parties work collaboratively compared to any party working in isolation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19212,"journal":{"name":"npj Quantum Information","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140349576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Black-hole powered quantum coherent amplifier 黑洞供电量子相干放大器
IF 7.6 1区 物理与天体物理
npj Quantum Information Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41534-024-00817-w
Avijit Misra, Pritam Chattopadhyay, Anatoly Svidzinsky, Marlan O. Scully, Gershon Kurizki
{"title":"Black-hole powered quantum coherent amplifier","authors":"Avijit Misra, Pritam Chattopadhyay, Anatoly Svidzinsky, Marlan O. Scully, Gershon Kurizki","doi":"10.1038/s41534-024-00817-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-024-00817-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Atoms falling into a black hole (BH) through a cavity are shown to enable coherent amplification of light quanta powered by the BH-gravitational vacuum energy. This process can harness the BH energy towards useful purposes, such as propelling a spaceship trapped by the BH. The process can occur via transient amplification of a signal field by falling atoms that are partly excited by Hawking radiation reflected by an orbiting mirror. In the steady-state regime of thermally equilibrated atoms that weakly couple to the field, this amplifier constitutes a BH-powered quantum heat engine. The envisaged effects substantiate the thermodynamic approach to BH acceleration radiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19212,"journal":{"name":"npj Quantum Information","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140310791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modeling Si/SiGe quantum dot variability induced by interface disorder reconstructed from multiperspective microscopy 通过多视角显微镜重构由界面紊乱诱发的硅/硅锗量子点变化模型
IF 7.6 1区 物理与天体物理
npj Quantum Information Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41534-024-00827-8
Luis Fabián Peña, Justine C. Koepke, Joseph Houston Dycus, Andrew Mounce, Andrew D. Baczewski, N. Tobias Jacobson, Ezra Bussmann
{"title":"Modeling Si/SiGe quantum dot variability induced by interface disorder reconstructed from multiperspective microscopy","authors":"Luis Fabián Peña, Justine C. Koepke, Joseph Houston Dycus, Andrew Mounce, Andrew D. Baczewski, N. Tobias Jacobson, Ezra Bussmann","doi":"10.1038/s41534-024-00827-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-024-00827-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>SiGe heteroepitaxial growth yields pristine host material for quantum dot qubits, but residual interface disorder can lead to qubit-to-qubit variability that might pose an obstacle to reliable SiGe-based quantum computing. By convolving data from scanning tunneling microscopy and high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy, we reconstruct 3D interfacial atomic structure and employ an atomistic multi-valley effective mass theory to quantify qubit spectral variability. The results indicate (1) appreciable valley splitting (VS) variability of ~50% owing to alloy disorder and (2) roughness-induced double-dot detuning bias energy variability of order 1–10 meV depending on well thickness. For measured intermixing, atomic steps have negligible influence on VS, and uncorrelated roughness causes spatially fluctuating energy biases in double-dot detunings potentially incorrectly attributed to charge disorder. Our approach yields atomic structure spanning orders of magnitude larger areas than post-growth microscopy or tomography alone, enabling more holistic predictions of disorder-induced qubit variability.</p>","PeriodicalId":19212,"journal":{"name":"npj Quantum Information","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140310771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Low disorder and high valley splitting in silicon 硅中的低无序和高谷分裂
IF 7.6 1区 物理与天体物理
npj Quantum Information Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41534-024-00826-9
Davide Degli Esposti, Lucas E. A. Stehouwer, Önder Gül, Nodar Samkharadze, Corentin Déprez, Marcel Meyer, Ilja N. Meijer, Larysa Tryputen, Saurabh Karwal, Marc Botifoll, Jordi Arbiol, Sergey V. Amitonov, Lieven M. K. Vandersypen, Amir Sammak, Menno Veldhorst, Giordano Scappucci
{"title":"Low disorder and high valley splitting in silicon","authors":"Davide Degli Esposti, Lucas E. A. Stehouwer, Önder Gül, Nodar Samkharadze, Corentin Déprez, Marcel Meyer, Ilja N. Meijer, Larysa Tryputen, Saurabh Karwal, Marc Botifoll, Jordi Arbiol, Sergey V. Amitonov, Lieven M. K. Vandersypen, Amir Sammak, Menno Veldhorst, Giordano Scappucci","doi":"10.1038/s41534-024-00826-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-024-00826-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The electrical characterisation of classical and quantum devices is a critical step in the development cycle of heterogeneous material stacks for semiconductor spin qubits. In the case of silicon, properties such as disorder and energy separation of conduction band valleys are commonly investigated individually upon modifications in selected parameters of the material stack. However, this reductionist approach fails to consider the interdependence between different structural and electronic properties at the danger of optimising one metric at the expense of the others. Here, we achieve a significant improvement in both disorder and valley splitting by taking a co-design approach to the material stack. We demonstrate isotopically purified, strained quantum wells with high mobility of 3.14(8) × 10<sup>5</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> and low percolation density of 6.9(1) × 10<sup>10</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup>. These low disorder quantum wells support quantum dots with low charge noise of 0.9(3) μeV Hz<sup>−1/2</sup> and large mean valley splitting energy of 0.24(7) meV, measured in qubit devices. By striking the delicate balance between disorder, charge noise, and valley splitting, these findings provide a benchmark for silicon as a host semiconductor for quantum dot qubits. We foresee the application of these heterostructures in larger, high-performance quantum processors.</p>","PeriodicalId":19212,"journal":{"name":"npj Quantum Information","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140123910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pipeline quantum processor architecture for silicon spin qubits 硅自旋量子比特的管道量子处理器架构
IF 7.6 1区 物理与天体物理
npj Quantum Information Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1038/s41534-024-00823-y
S. M. Patomäki, M. F. Gonzalez-Zalba, M. A. Fogarty, Z. Cai, S. C. Benjamin, J. J. L. Morton
{"title":"Pipeline quantum processor architecture for silicon spin qubits","authors":"S. M. Patomäki, M. F. Gonzalez-Zalba, M. A. Fogarty, Z. Cai, S. C. Benjamin, J. J. L. Morton","doi":"10.1038/s41534-024-00823-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-024-00823-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We propose a quantum processor architecture, the qubit ‘pipeline’, in which run-time scales additively as functions of circuit depth and run repetitions. Run-time control is applied globally, reducing the complexity of control and interconnect resources. This simplification is achieved by shuttling <i>N</i>-qubit states through a large layered physical array of structures which realise quantum logic gates in stages. Thus, the circuit depth corresponds to the number of layers of structures. Subsequent <i>N</i>-qubit states are ‘pipelined’ densely through the structures to efficiently wield the physical resources for repeated runs. Pipelining thus lends itself to noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) applications, such as variational quantum eigensolvers, which require numerous repetitions of the same or similar calculations. We illustrate the architecture by describing a realisation in the naturally high-density and scalable silicon spin qubit platform, which includes a universal gate set of sufficient fidelity under realistic assumptions of qubit variability.</p>","PeriodicalId":19212,"journal":{"name":"npj Quantum Information","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140124056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Short-depth QAOA circuits and quantum annealing on higher-order ising models 高阶等效模型上的短深度 QAOA 电路和量子退火
IF 7.6 1区 物理与天体物理
npj Quantum Information Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1038/s41534-024-00825-w
Elijah Pelofske, Andreas Bärtschi, Stephan Eidenbenz
{"title":"Short-depth QAOA circuits and quantum annealing on higher-order ising models","authors":"Elijah Pelofske, Andreas Bärtschi, Stephan Eidenbenz","doi":"10.1038/s41534-024-00825-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-024-00825-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We present a direct comparison between QAOA (Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz), and QA (Quantum Annealing) on 127 qubit problem instances. QAOA with <i>p</i> = 1, 2 rounds is executed on the 127 qubit heavy-hex graph gate-model quantum computer ibm_washington, using on-device grid-searches for angle finding, and QA is executed on two Pegasus-chip D-Wave quantum annealers. The problems are random Ising models whose connectivity matches heavy-hex graphs and the Pegasus graph connectivity, and optionally include hardware-compatible cubic terms (<i>Z</i><i>Z</i><i>Z</i> terms). The QAOA circuits are heavily optimized and of extremely short depth, with a CNOT depth of 6 per round, which allows whole chip usage of the heavy-hex lattice. QAOA and QA are both compared against simulated annealing and the optimal solutions are computed exactly using CPLEX. The noiseless mean QAOA expectation values for <i>p</i> = 1, 2 are computed using classical light-cone based simulations. We find QA outperforms QAOA on the evaluated devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":19212,"journal":{"name":"npj Quantum Information","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140124103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Simulating photosynthetic energy transport on a photonic network 模拟光子网络上的光合作用能量传输
IF 7.6 1区 物理与天体物理
npj Quantum Information Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41534-024-00824-x
Hao Tang, Xiao-Wen Shang, Zi-Yu Shi, Tian-Shen He, Zhen Feng, Tian-Yu Wang, Ruoxi Shi, Hui-Ming Wang, Xi Tan, Xiao-Yun Xu, Yao Wang, Jun Gao, M. S. Kim, Xian-Min Jin
{"title":"Simulating photosynthetic energy transport on a photonic network","authors":"Hao Tang, Xiao-Wen Shang, Zi-Yu Shi, Tian-Shen He, Zhen Feng, Tian-Yu Wang, Ruoxi Shi, Hui-Ming Wang, Xi Tan, Xiao-Yun Xu, Yao Wang, Jun Gao, M. S. Kim, Xian-Min Jin","doi":"10.1038/s41534-024-00824-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-024-00824-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Quantum effects in photosynthetic energy transport in nature, especially for the typical Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) complexes, are extensively studied in quantum biology. Such energy transport processes can be investigated as open quantum systems that blend the quantum coherence and environmental noise, and have been experimentally simulated on a few quantum devices. However, the existing experiments always lack a solid quantum simulation for the FMO energy transport due to their constraints to map a variety of issues in actual FMO complexes that have rich biological meanings. Here we successfully map the full coupling profile of the seven-site FMO structure by comprehensive characterisation and precise control of the evanescent coupling of the three-dimensional waveguide array. By applying a stochastic dynamical modulation on each waveguide, we introduce the base site energy and the dephasing term in coloured noise to faithfully simulate the power spectral density of the FMO complexes. We show our photonic model well interprets the phenomena including reorganisation energy, vibrational assistance, exciton transfer and energy localisation. We further experimentally demonstrate the existence of an optimal transport efficiency at certain dephasing strength, providing a window to closely investigate environment-assisted quantum transport.</p>","PeriodicalId":19212,"journal":{"name":"npj Quantum Information","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140104716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Non-symmetric Pauli spin blockade in a silicon double quantum dot 硅双量子点中的非对称保利自旋封锁
IF 7.6 1区 物理与天体物理
npj Quantum Information Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41534-024-00820-1
Theodor Lundberg, David J. Ibberson, Jing Li, Louis Hutin, José C. Abadillo-Uriel, Michele Filippone, Benoit Bertrand, Andreas Nunnenkamp, Chang-Min Lee, Nadia Stelmashenko, Jason W. A. Robinson, Maud Vinet, Lisa Ibberson, Yann-Michel Niquet, M. Fernando Gonzalez-Zalba
{"title":"Non-symmetric Pauli spin blockade in a silicon double quantum dot","authors":"Theodor Lundberg, David J. Ibberson, Jing Li, Louis Hutin, José C. Abadillo-Uriel, Michele Filippone, Benoit Bertrand, Andreas Nunnenkamp, Chang-Min Lee, Nadia Stelmashenko, Jason W. A. Robinson, Maud Vinet, Lisa Ibberson, Yann-Michel Niquet, M. Fernando Gonzalez-Zalba","doi":"10.1038/s41534-024-00820-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-024-00820-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Spin qubits in gate-defined silicon quantum dots are receiving increased attention thanks to their potential for large-scale quantum computing. Readout of such spin qubits is done most accurately and scalably via Pauli spin blockade (PSB), however, various mechanisms may lift PSB and complicate readout. In this work, we present an experimental study of PSB in a multi-electron low-symmetry double quantum dot (DQD) in silicon nanowires. We report on the observation of non-symmetric PSB, manifesting as blockaded tunneling when the spin is projected to one QD of the pair but as allowed tunneling when the projection is done into the other. By analyzing the interaction of the DQD with a readout resonator, we find that PSB lifting is caused by a large coupling between the different electron spin manifolds of 7.90 μeV and that tunneling is incoherent. Further, magnetospectroscopy of the DQD in 16 charge configurations, enables reconstructing the energy spectrum of the DQD and reveals the lifting mechanism is energy-level selective. Our results indicate enhanced spin-orbit coupling which may enable all-electrical qubit control of electron spins in silicon nanowires.</p>","PeriodicalId":19212,"journal":{"name":"npj Quantum Information","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140043513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analyzing variational quantum landscapes with information content 分析具有信息含量的变分量子景观
IF 7.6 1区 物理与天体物理
npj Quantum Information Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41534-024-00819-8
Adrián Pérez-Salinas, Hao Wang, Xavier Bonet-Monroig
{"title":"Analyzing variational quantum landscapes with information content","authors":"Adrián Pérez-Salinas, Hao Wang, Xavier Bonet-Monroig","doi":"10.1038/s41534-024-00819-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-024-00819-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The parameters of the quantum circuit in a variational quantum algorithm induce a landscape that contains the relevant information regarding its optimization hardness. In this work, we investigate such landscapes through the lens of information content, a measure of the variability between points in parameter space. Our major contribution connects the information content to the average norm of the gradient, for which we provide robust analytical bounds on its estimators. This result holds for any (classical or quantum) variational landscape. We validate the analytical understating by numerically studying the scaling of the gradient in an instance of the barren plateau problem. In such instance, we are able to estimate the scaling pre-factors in the gradient. Our work provides a way to analyze variational quantum algorithms in a data-driven fashion well-suited for near-term quantum computers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19212,"journal":{"name":"npj Quantum Information","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140000948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信