{"title":"Iron and Viking Age grapes from Denmark – vine seeds found at the royal complexes by Lake Tissø","authors":"P. Henriksen, Sandie Holst, K. Frei","doi":"10.1080/21662282.2017.1293397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21662282.2017.1293397","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Since the mid 1990s the National Museum of Denmark and Museum Vestsjælland have conducted excavations on two royal residential complexes from late Germanic Iron Age and Viking Age. During the excavations a range of samples were collected for macrofossil analysis. In two of these samples two seeds of vine grapes dated to the late Germanic Iron Age and the Viking Age were discovered. So far they are the oldest grape seeds discovered in the present Danish area. One of the seeds was chosen for strontium isotope analysis in order to determine the provenance of the grape. The strontium isotopic composition of the grape seed yielded a 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.71091 (±0.00004; 2σ) which falls within Denmark’s strontium isotopic baseline range indicating that the seed could be of local origin. Archaeological and historical evidence seem to point to that people in the Iron and Viking Age knew and consumed wine and even had access to gain potential know-how related to wine production. Hence, even though it is not possible to determine whether the two seeds found at Tissø are a result of either grape consumption (fresh or dried) or used for wine production, these finds point to that grapes and probably wine were products consumed by the elite at Tissø.","PeriodicalId":191998,"journal":{"name":"Danish Journal of Archaeology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125027959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Frost, Mette Løvschal, Marianne Rasmussen Lindegaard, M. Holst
{"title":"Borum Eshøj Revisited – Bronze Age monumental burial traditions in eastern Jutland, Denmark","authors":"L. Frost, Mette Løvschal, Marianne Rasmussen Lindegaard, M. Holst","doi":"10.1080/21662282.2017.1370835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21662282.2017.1370835","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Borum Eshøj is one of the internationally most famous monuments from the Nordic Bronze Age, key to understanding burial customs, social identities and societies. Its uniqueness is reflected in its extraordinarily well-preserved oak log coffin burials, its landscape setting in a distinct barrow group and its complex monumental architecture. Since 1988, new investigations have been conducted at the barrow group, and in 2011, the remains of the classic Borum Eshøj were investigated. The new investigation reveals a monument with an extraordinarily long and complex use-life. It demonstrates a consecutive construction procedure with basic building principles which provide a basis for reinterpreting the barrow and suggesting an initial burial ground compounded beneath one large barrow construction phase. The kerbstones were constructed before the barrow was finished, and the barrow partly covers the kerbstone construction. In a larger perspective, the new investigations indicate that Borum Eshøj, with its construction, use history and kerbstones, stands apart from the investigated local barrows on the Eshøj plateau, and closer parallels barrows situated at much larger distance such as Hohøj in Mariager Fjord.","PeriodicalId":191998,"journal":{"name":"Danish Journal of Archaeology","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120980726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Breuning‐madsen, P. Henriksen, J. Kristensen, Maria Jessen, Rasmus Ekman
{"title":"The hydrology and preservation condition in the flat-topped burial mound – Klangshøj at Vennebjerg in Vendsyssel","authors":"H. Breuning‐madsen, P. Henriksen, J. Kristensen, Maria Jessen, Rasmus Ekman","doi":"10.1080/21662282.2016.1256099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21662282.2016.1256099","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Klangshøj is a flat-topped burial mound similar to the Royal Jelling mounds, although smaller. The myths tell that a well has existed on top of the mound as at Jelling and a spring had flown at the base of the mound. In order to verify the myths and a similar hydrology in Klangshøj as found in Jelling, several borings have been carried out in a north-south line across the mound. The investigation showed that Klangshøj is built of sods mainly harvested from heathland. The sods are of different grain sizes from fine sand to clay. The preservation conditions were excellent in three of the six borings, where undecomposed plant remnants, occasionally greenish, were observed. A 14C-dating showed that the mound was built in the Viking Age. The hydrology in Klangshøj is the same as in the Jelling mounds, with a permeable bioturbation zone covering almost impermeable, distinct sod layers. This form a perched groundwater table in the transition zone, which keeps the distinct sod layer below anaerobic, i.e. the preservation conditions extremely favourable. The perched water table drains internally as in the Jelling mounds, and there are no current nor fossil evidence to suggest a spring was ever present at the foot slope, as the local legend suggests. Moreover, it seems unlikely that a well, similar to the one on the Jelling mound, has existed on the top of the north-facing slope, as the amount of water the well would have been able to collect is little.","PeriodicalId":191998,"journal":{"name":"Danish Journal of Archaeology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129679998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towering above – an interpretation of the Late Iron Age architecture at Toftum Næs, Denmark","authors":"M. Jessen, Kamilla Fiedler Terkildsen","doi":"10.1080/21662282.2016.1248592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21662282.2016.1248592","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The newly excavated sites of Toftum Næs, Jutland (Denmark), will be presented, and the special features that have been registered here will be discussed. In particular, the conspicuous architecture will figure prominently; a very sturdily built and thus high structure that can only be interpreted as a tower placed along with a succession of larger hall-type buildings, and a possible ritual building. This ‘aristocratic quarter’ is in direct contact with another area characterized by a larger pit-house cluster of more the 100 units, and placed in the vicinity of two conjoining streams. The different structures mentioned and their internal, topographical distribution as well as architectural features will be incorporated as the main base for a functional interpretation of and motive behind the buildings and the activities pertaining to the site in general. The topic of commercial control and what type of influence the aristocracy had on the early development on these types of sites will be included. Furthermore, the structural fluctuation of the site at Toftum Næs, and in particular the changes that seem to have taken place during the main use-phase both at the site in question and with regard to the overall development of aristocratic sites with production areas and at the Viking Age towns, will be debated in this paper.","PeriodicalId":191998,"journal":{"name":"Danish Journal of Archaeology","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130238793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Between Sutton Hoo and Oseberg – dendrochronology and the origins of the ship burial tradition","authors":"N. Bonde, Frans-Arne Stylegar","doi":"10.1080/21662282.2016.1245885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21662282.2016.1245885","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT New dendrochronological dates from Western Norway prompt an old question to be posed in a new way. They show that two ship burials on the island of Karmøy date from AD 780 and 790, that is, the very beginning of the Viking Age, and are therefore the very earliest known ship graves – with one exception: Sutton Hoo. So where did the ship burial tradition originate? Sutton Hoo’s early seventh century ship burials, in large, ocean-going vessels, are often compared with the boat graves of Vendel, Valsgärde and other sites in the Lake Mälar region of Sweden, while Oseberg and the other ship burials in the Oslofjord area have traditionally been interpreted as the precursors of, and models for, the Karmøy ship graves. In this paper, we aim to demonstrate that the use of ships and boats in burials was common practise around the North Sea and in the Western Baltic during the Late Migration period and was introduced to Eastern England with the same ‘wave’ of cultural influences that took new forms of brooches and a new dress code from Western Norway to Anglia in the late fifth century AD. And, furthermore, that the East Anglian ship graves of the early seventh century (Sutton Hoo 1 and 2) represent an elaboration of this common practice, related to political centralisation and Christianisation in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. We also suggest that this high-status, indeed royal, form of burial, that is, actual ship graves as opposed to the much more widespread practice of burial in relative small boats, was introduced to Scandinavia from Eastern England via Western Norway in the eighth century, culminating in the well-known Viking Age ship graves at Oseberg, Gokstad, Tune and Ladby.","PeriodicalId":191998,"journal":{"name":"Danish Journal of Archaeology","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133300583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"When did weaving become a male profession?","authors":"Ingvild Øye","doi":"10.1080/21662282.2016.1245970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21662282.2016.1245970","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article discusses the development and technological changes within weaving in the Middle Ages when it developed into a major craft and one of the most important industries of the Middle Ages in Northern Europe. While prehistoric weaving appears as a predominantly female work domain, weaving became a male profession in urban contexts, organised within guilds. Hence, it has almost become a dogma that the expanding medieval textile industry, and corresponding transition from a female to a male work domain, was caused by new technology – the horizontal treadle loom. By utilising various source categories, documentary, iconographic and archaeological evidence, the article substantiates that the conception of the medieval weaver as a male craftsman should be adjusted and the long-established dichotomy between male professional craftsmen and weavers, and women as homework producers of textiles should be modified, also when related to guilds. The change from a domestic household-based production to a more commercially based industry took place at different times and scales in various areas of Europe and did not only involve men.","PeriodicalId":191998,"journal":{"name":"Danish Journal of Archaeology","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122503706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comments on Maria Panum Baastrup’s: invitation systems and identification in Late Iron Age southern Scandinavia? The gold foil figures from a new perspective","authors":"Henriette Lyngstrøm","doi":"10.1080/21662282.2016.1240286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21662282.2016.1240286","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This commentary points out the importance of looking at apparently well-known archaeological material from new angles and highlights Maria Panum Baastrup’s work of putting gold foil figures into a functional context as an inspiring example.","PeriodicalId":191998,"journal":{"name":"Danish Journal of Archaeology","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124308269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comments on Maria Panum Baastrup’s Invitation systems and identification in Late Iron Age southern Scandinavia","authors":"Margrethe Watt","doi":"10.1080/21662282.2016.1202658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21662282.2016.1202658","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article provides some basic facts and updates on the gold foil figures and also questions certain aspects of Baastrups interpretation. Attention is drawn to the importance of the complex iconographic content ofthe gold foils.","PeriodicalId":191998,"journal":{"name":"Danish Journal of Archaeology","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123179548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Gotlandic box brooch from Fyrkat grave IV. A research into the casting technique and work methods associated with multi-piece brooches","authors":"K. Hedegaard","doi":"10.1080/21662282.2016.1199235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21662282.2016.1199235","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study of the box-shaped brooch uses experimental archaeology in an attempt to gain more information about how these combination brooches were made. Some misunderstandings are addressed concerning the Fyrkat box brooch and Viking Age bronze casting in general. When trying to recreate the brooch, the four knot-shaped animals cast as one with the brooch throughout the work turned out to be the common denominator. They forced the original artisan to sacrifice an elaborate wax model when making the clay mould. Hollow models made of metal or solid bone could be used to produce this brooch only with difficulty. Again, due to the figural ornaments, a very complicated and time-consuming silver-plating technique was called for. Simple pure silver encasing was rendered nearly impossible. The very complex techniques used appear to have been the trademark of the artisan, designed to demonstrate his skill.","PeriodicalId":191998,"journal":{"name":"Danish Journal of Archaeology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128335096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Typifying scientific output: a bibliometric analysis of archaeological publishing across the science/humanities spectrum (2009–2013)","authors":"E. Jørgensen","doi":"10.1080/21662282.2016.1190508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21662282.2016.1190508","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article presents the results of a bibliometric analysis conducted on all original research papers published in six high-ranking archaeological journals between 2009 and 2013, consisting of 926 papers. The purpose is to identify the general features characterizing the output of archaeological publishing within the given time frame and to discuss the results in light of the science/humanities divide of archaeology. It expands previous work, covering not just scientific or humanistic parts of archaeology, but sub-disciplinary niches across the science/humanities-spectrum. Significant differences are identified amongst the journals on an array of parameters, including journal statistics, citation network, thematic distribution, the application of methods and the direction of relevance to other sub-fields. Most significantly, established correlations of academic publishing are for the first time identified in archaeology, regarding the structure of citation networks, the connectedness of high-ranking journals and how specific affiliations to either side of the science/humanities divide affect publishing. In the end, these results are taken to represent a sub-optimal division of labor between archaeological sub-fields, tentatively explained by the continued relevance of the science/humanities divide in archaeology, by providing diverse epistemic underpinnings.","PeriodicalId":191998,"journal":{"name":"Danish Journal of Archaeology","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115334236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}