ERN: Other Development Economics: Microeconomic Issues in Developing Economies (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Public-Private Mortgage Co-financing","authors":"Stefano Colonnello, Mariela Dal Borgo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3857163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3857163","url":null,"abstract":"In some emerging economies, housing provident funds (HPFs) are the main institutions that grant mortgages. Co-financing enables cooperation between HPFs and banks, but how it affects credit conditions and performance relative to mortgages entirely funded by banks is unclear. Using Mexican supervisory data, we find that co-financing leads to: i) larger (total) loan volumes, lower down payments, and a tiny decline in bank interest rates, ii) no increase in ex-post credit risk, and iii) a substantial reduction in banks' loan loss reserves. These findings imply that co-financing schemes alleviate borrowers' liquidity constraints, but also provide a subsidy for private lenders. Finally, by exploiting a change in the HPF's lending conditions, we find substitution between co-financed and traditional bank mortgages among smaller banks. Larger banks can better shield their portfolios from changes in the HPF's lending policies.","PeriodicalId":191636,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Development Economics: Microeconomic Issues in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130879951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaping into the Dark: A Model of Policy Gambles with Self-Fulfilling Features","authors":"Kartik Anand, Prasanna Gai, Philipp Koenig","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3925078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3925078","url":null,"abstract":"We examine why rational voters support risky “policy gambles”, even when detrimental to welfare, over maintaining a safe status quo. We present a model of electoral competition with two groups of agents. Elites own the means of production and choose how much future output they require as compensation for investing in risky projects. Voters are residual claimants of output. The output depends on the future government’s policy. When investments are made, the incumbent cannot pre-commit to retain the status quo. Instead, future policy is determined by political parties vying to win the election. Voters can increase their expected output share by supporting policy gambles. Our analysis highlights how uncertainty about future policy shapes equilibrium policy choices and provides a mechanism where income inequality is a driver for abandoning the status quo. Institutions that support consensus between political parties can improve welfare by eliminating the gamble equilibrium.","PeriodicalId":191636,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Development Economics: Microeconomic Issues in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122801794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Crisis and Sri Lankan Economy","authors":"H. de Silva","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3909403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3909403","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 is a member of corona virus family, has plugged the lives of people around the world in to a major crisis. By now, COVID-19 has developed to adapt virus in to any environmental nature. As of today it increase as “Delta”. which is very dangerous epidemic that have to face the inhabitants of the world. The World Health Organization declared a global emergency condition due to widespread of COVID-19 across the globe. While examine the historical evidence of epidemics in the world, there are so many epidemics. And they also devastating epidemics which are human lives were scarified. Some viruses still exist today. In this report mainly focus on impact COVID-19 on Sri Lanka Economy. Under that scenario have mentioned how much impact COVID-19 for GDP, Tourism industry and apparel industry and finally about the social and welfare effect on COVID-19. In this article has clearly mentioned some information and by data analysis and also there have some graphically analysis to further study.","PeriodicalId":191636,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Development Economics: Microeconomic Issues in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134491842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Cement Consumption Pattern: A Case from Pokhara, Nepal","authors":"Prabin Banstola, K. Shrestha, I. Thapa, Anjay Kumar Mishra","doi":"10.47992/ijaeml.2581.7000.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47992/ijaeml.2581.7000.0101","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Cement is a major construction material used in civil engineering works due to which its demand is very high. The consumers and suppliers of the cement market may feel that every brand they are buying and selling is of good quality. The study has been focused to assess the consumption of different cement brands available in the Pokhara Metropolitan city. \u0000Design/Methodology/Approach: cement suppliers’ data and field data were collected. Cement suppliers within the study area were considered during the survey. The different brands of cement in use at the site were examined by field survey and analysis was conducted on SPSS software to obtain the results. \u0000Findings/Result: Maximum cement suppliers prefer Shivam (18.18%) in OPC type and Brij cement (17.53%) in PPC type. A positive increasing trend of annual cement consumption was observed from 2070 BS to 2076 BS. Annual cement consumption of OPC and PPC were separately studied. Cement consumption data from mass concreting areas were collected. High rise buildings, Pokhara international airport, midhill highway section in the study area, siltation dams, and cement consumption in bridges near the study area were taken into consideration for the study. All RMC suppliers' cement consumption in study area was studied differently from the establishment period. Descriptive statistics was used to study the association between cement preference and the price of cement. Preference of suppliers of cement was not found to be associated with the price of cement. Preference for cement in RMC was not found to be associated with price of cement.\u0000Originality/Value: It is action research to analyze cement consumption pattern \u0000Paper Type: Ex-Post Facto Research","PeriodicalId":191636,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Development Economics: Microeconomic Issues in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115327250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factores asociados a la competitividad de las empresas del sector de la yuca industrial en San Pedro, Sucre (Factors Associated with the Competitiveness of Companies in the Industrial Cassava Sector in San Pedro, Sucre)","authors":"Engler de Jesús Ariza García, Andrea Estefanía Gómez Domínguez","doi":"10.18601/16577175.n28.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18601/16577175.n28.06","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Spanish Abstract:</b> El estudio en profundidad del sector es una forma de explorar los factores asociados a la competitividad desde el análisis de la cadena de valor del subsector de la yuca industrial en el municipio de San Pedro (Sucre, Colombia), en la cual se presenta el estudio de caso de dos empresas productoras de yuca industrial del municipio; a partir de ellas se identificaron los factores internos y externos asociados a la competitividad bajo el enfoque de cadenas de valor. Por medio de la revisión literaria, observación directa, entrevistas y aplicación de una encuesta, se emplea la recolección, apropiación e interpretación de la información obtenida, se determina que los factores: capacidad directiva, capacidad organizacional, precio, capital humano, tecnología e innovación y encadenamientos constituyen los factores internos asociados a la competitividad; por su parte, la infraestructura regional, políticas públicas y localización geográfica constituyen los factores externos que afectan directa e indirectamente a la competitividad de la cadena de valor de la yuca industrial, por lo que al final se plantean recomendaciones para una estrategia de competitividad en el subsector de la yuca industrial.<br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> In this study, the case of two companies producing industrial cassava in the municipality of San Pedro (Sucre, Colombia) is presented, from which internal and external factors that lead to their competitiveness were identified under the value chain approach. As a result, it was determined that the factors: managerial capacity, organizational capacity, price, human capital, technology and innovation and linkages constitute the internal factors that lead to competitiveness. While regional infrastructure, public policies and geographic location are the external factors that strongly affect the competitiveness of the industrial cassava value chain.","PeriodicalId":191636,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Development Economics: Microeconomic Issues in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134277278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic Consequences of Mass Migration: The Venezuelan Exodus in Peru","authors":"Cynthia Boruchowicz, César Martinelli, Susan W. Parker","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3847897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3847897","url":null,"abstract":"We study the effects of mass migration from Venezuela on Peruvian labor markets. In 2017–2018, about 870,000 Venezuelans migrated to Peru; about 84% settled in the Lima metropolitan area, where the percentage of Venezuelans in the working age population went from nil to over 10%. Migrants were more educated in average than the local labor force, and did nor face large cultural barriers. We propose a simple assignment model of the labor market, which suggests that migration will lead to a reallocation of local workers toward lower skill jobs. Using synthetic control methods, and comparing Lima with a group of other Peruvian cities, we find evidence of adjustment in occupational structure in the direction predicted by the model. Overall, market adjustment to a large shock in labor supply was strikingly smooth.","PeriodicalId":191636,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Development Economics: Microeconomic Issues in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122568939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forgone Investment: Civil Conflict and Agricultural Credit in Colombia","authors":"N. de Roux, L. Mart́ınez","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3725231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3725231","url":null,"abstract":"Do agricultural producers forgo otherwise profitable investments due to civil conflict?Answering this question is crucial to our understanding of the costs of violence, but requires the ability to measure farmers’ willingness to invest and access to exogenous variation in conflict intensity. We exploit a unique administrative dataset from Colombia’s largest agricultural bank and the 2016 demobilization agreement between the Colombian government and insurgent group FARC to overcome these challenges. A difference-in-difference analysis yields three main findings: First, credit to small producers increases after the agreement in municipalities with high FARC exposure (17%over sample mean). Higher loan applications drive this increase, with no change in supply-side variables. Second, a simple theoretical framework combined with rich information on characteristics of loan applicants and projects (including credit scores and loan outcomes) suggests that changes in project returns, but not in risk, underlie the increase in credit demand. Third, conflict is not the binding constraint on investment in areas with low access to markets. Higher investment, unchanged default rates and additional evidence of increased nighttime luminosity after the end of conflict imply an overall positive economic impact.","PeriodicalId":191636,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Development Economics: Microeconomic Issues in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123134057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Angel Investors: Do they Clone or Contrast?","authors":"Niroopa Rani, K. Ramesh, T. R. Annamalai","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3803215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3803215","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to analyse and compare the nature, behaviour and investment preferences of angel investors around the world. In order to get a better understanding of the emerging economies, a special emphasis was given on the Indian Angel market. Angel investors' detailed characterization and their investment preferences identified in this paper would help entrepreneurs fine-tune their fundraising strategies. Furthermore, this paper highlighted some key differences in angel investment trajectories in different economies. The transparent and mature angel markets encourage angel investors from diverse age groups, gender and educational backgrounds to participate actively. And the scattered angel investors in developed economies making diversified investments stimulate start-ups' balanced growth, both geographically and across all sectors. The findings show that there is significant heterogeneity among angel investors in emerging and developed economies that can be attributed to structural, economic, institutional, legal, and cultural differences between different economies. These findings would help policymakers promote a balanced and robust start-up ecosystem that facilitates angel investors' active participation and the resulting magnificent growth of entrepreneurship and economy.","PeriodicalId":191636,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Development Economics: Microeconomic Issues in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129853078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative Nature of the Takaful Industry in Malaysia: Are We with The Conventional Insurance Industry? Overview","authors":"Rusni Hassan, S. Salman","doi":"10.20469/IJBAS.7.10001-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20469/IJBAS.7.10001-1","url":null,"abstract":"Takaful has originated as an idea for preserving the care of people from financial damage. It can be employed as a risk management device to alleviate the hazards of regular life and trade activities. Furthermore, it gives significance to society’s worldwide economic growth as a tool of assembling funds in the economy. Takaful supports organizations to decrease their monetary burden. Businesses can buy Takaful to claim casualties acquired due to the misfortunes of workers in the workplace. Takaful takes responsibility for the protection and welfare of workers. Takaful has numerous products such as Motor Takaful, Family Takaful, and so on. However, Takaful products’ innovation is prolonged, causing the Takaful industry to lag behind the insurance industry, especially in marketing and pricing. Thus, this research aims to explore Shari’ah advisers’ views towards the innovation of Takaful products in Malaysia. A mixture of convenient sampling and purposive sampling methods are employed for choosing the Shariah advisers as the interviewees. The data for the research is collected via interviews with 11 Shariah advisers. The findings of this research show that Shariah advisers believed that many potentials need to be explored. One way to discover the potential is through innovation. Among the Takaful industry segments that need to be improved are products, marketing, pricing, customer services, and distribution channels. Moreover, the lack of awareness among customers on Takaful gives rise to many problems. Nevertheless, Shariah advisers contributed many reasonable clarifications to the current condition, suggesting that several Takaful industry areas could be improved to become an innovative industry.","PeriodicalId":191636,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Development Economics: Microeconomic Issues in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"477 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122301442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Emotional Intelligence (EQ), Intellectual Intelligence (IQ), and Spiritual Intelligence (SQ) on the Ethical Attitudes of Students of the Faculty of Economics, State University of Jakarta","authors":"Intan Marhani, Osly Usman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3768867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3768867","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to find out whether there is an influence between Emotional Intelligence, Intellectual Intelligence, and Spiritual Intelligence on the Ethical Attitudes of Students at the Faculty of Economics at the State University of Jakarta. A sampling of 100 respondents using a questionnaire technique was distributed to students of the Faculty of Economics at the State University of Jakarta. The data obtained were then analyzed through the IBM SPSS Statistics version 26 application. The results obtained from this study indicate that there is a significant positive effect of Emotional Intelligence (EQ) and Spiritual Intelligence (SQ) variables on students' ethical attitudes. Meanwhile, the Intellectual Intelligence (IQ) variable gives negative results, which means that it does not influence students' ethical attitudes.","PeriodicalId":191636,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Development Economics: Microeconomic Issues in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130408296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}