{"title":"Exophonic Ecopoetics as a Transformative Force: Concepts and Illustrations","authors":"Tatjana Bijelić","doi":"10.17234/WPAS.2020.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17234/WPAS.2020.3","url":null,"abstract":"In the world of transnational literature that increasingly accommodates contemporary East European poetry of displacement, composing literary texts in English as a second, foreign, or an additional language has become a multifaceted strategy of personal survival, economic prosperity, cultural and academic exchange, political witnessing, and social critique. Writing beyond their mother tongues, voicing themselves from the outside, from a distance, or serving as foreign insiders and domestic outsid-ers, exophonic or non-native writers of literature in English seem to be extending the global poetic field in ways that involve various social and environmental concerns. Illustrating my claims with some of the ecologically-aware poems or lines authored by Bulgarian-born Kapka Kassabova and Yugoslav-born Charles Simic, I attempt to demonstrate how contemporary poetry of displacement, due to its attention to place and global mobility, emerges as equally preoccupied with environmental and social transformations on local and global levels. I also explore the potential of such poetry to create a dynamic platform at which ecopoetics and exophonic writing converge in producing poetry that simultaneously contains traditional elements of nature poetry, acknowledges contemporary concepts of natureculture and unnatural ecopoetics, and estranges itself through claiming familiarity with another language. Drawing upon Sarah Nolan’s definition of “unnatural ecopoetics” and its experimental potential, I propose considering the concept of “exophonic ecopoetics” when referring to contemporary poetry of displacement, its translingual features, and ecological concerns.","PeriodicalId":191494,"journal":{"name":"Working Papers in American Studies Vol. 4","volume":"790 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123008709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What Has Changed in Nature and in the Economy?","authors":"S. Grgas","doi":"10.17234/WPAS.2020.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17234/WPAS.2020.4","url":null,"abstract":"The author begins this article by describing the changed priorities of the present: whereas previously attention was focused on social issues, today it is the environment that has become the focus of human concerns. Although the impact of human actions on nature has been noted in the past, the author argues that today this impact is unprecedented. This can be seen, for example, in the way that contemporary en-gagements with the archive foreground the ecological issue. The author illustrates his disagreement with this practice by glancing at ecologically-minded re-readings of Karl Marx. Turning to American Studies as the disciplinary background of his argument, the author explains the reasons for this focus on Marx. The next step of the paper explores the ecological presence in American Studies before the conclusion, in which the author engages certain works of fiction and shows how he had previously not given sufficient weight to the ecological problematic. long-running claim favoring a regulated productivist been that human ingenuity can find substitutes for all resources and technology can solve all problems allowing humanity to change and adapt to anything. These arguments are made in almost total ignorance of how the economy interacts with ecosystems and impacts their structure and functioning, how dependent economies are on the flow of low entropy materials and energy and what are the basic limits to humans as biological animals. Indeed even ignorance itself is ignored and reduced down to risk and probabilities.","PeriodicalId":191494,"journal":{"name":"Working Papers in American Studies Vol. 4","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121390230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Re-centering the History of the Americas: Toni Morrison’s Beloved and A Mercy","authors":"Jelena Šesnič","doi":"10.17234/WPAS.2020.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17234/WPAS.2020.5","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the status of Toni Morrison as an American writer who consistently foregrounded African American history and experience and acted during her long career as a public intellectual. Morrison’s writerly agenda has been to delve into the epistemological origin of constructions such as race and blackness, placed in the context of their historical manifestation, such as transatlantic slavery as manifested in Morrison’s two most striking historical novels, Beloved (1987) and A Mercy (2008). Writing slavery, as a way to re-write the United States’ history and probe its dark spaces, places Morrison’s texts in a long line of nineteenth-century slave narratives, and in particular their twentieth-century avatar, the neo-slave novel, which strives to historicize slavery from the sufferer’s perspective. In the process, Morrison creates a “resistant text” (Sommer) requiring the reader’s imaginative and ethical engagement and refusing to fill in all the gaps. That the haunting of slavery still requires imaginative, historical, and ethical engagement, like the one accorded it by Morrison, is a fact of U.S. American social life to the present day.","PeriodicalId":191494,"journal":{"name":"Working Papers in American Studies Vol. 4","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124965622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ophelia Antigonized: A Pre-Raphaelite Hamlet for Industrial Modernity","authors":"Tatjana Jukić","doi":"10.17234/WPAS.2020.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17234/WPAS.2020.2","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding modernity seems to be inflected in the narrative conditions of Hamlet: Hamlet may be to modernity what the story of Oedipus is to psychoanalysis, a specimen story in which the intellectual constitution of modernity is decided. In this essay I analyze how industrial modernity finds its articulation in Hamlet, especially in the positions where Hamlet is claimed for realism; realism is taken to mean not a poetics so much as an apparatus instrumental to negotiating the modern condition in the nineteenth century. With a focus on John Everett Millais’s Ophelia (1851–2), I discuss how Ophelia replaces Hamlet as a figure where realism is negotiated in Victorian modernity, also as a figure where modern psychopolitics, with its investment in mourning, finds its foothold in the world of the Industrial Revolution. Lastly, I argue that Ophelia may be where the unresolved narrative conditions of Antigone are retained in Hamlet, along with the political concerns implicit to Antigone’s mourning.","PeriodicalId":191494,"journal":{"name":"Working Papers in American Studies Vol. 4","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133850416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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