{"title":"Transdiagnostic mapping of common and specific regional homogeneity alterations across affective and psychotic disorders","authors":"Jialin Xiang, Junni Ran, Pengyu Zhu, Yuxi Wang, Xiumin Deng, Bo Yang, Lisha Zhang, Xiong Chen, Jiayi Guo, Jiaying Liu, Kun Qin, Wen Chen","doi":"10.1038/s41386-026-02469-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41386-026-02469-0","url":null,"abstract":"Major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are generally categorized as distinct diagnoses, but shared clinical, biological and genetic features. Although rich neuroimaging evidence has revealed brain functional alterations in each of these disorders, the transdiagnostic patterns remain poorly understood. A comprehensive literature search was conducted up to March 2025 for resting-state functional MRI studies reporting regional homogeneity (ReHo) abnormalities in MDD, BD or SZ patients, as compared to healthy controls (HC). Voxel-wise meta-analyses of ReHo abnormalities were conducted separately for each disorder using the Seed-based d Mapping toolbox, followed by conjunction and contrast analyses to further identify common and disorder-specific patterns. Our meta-analysis included a total of 90 studies, encompassing 3764 patients (MDD: n = 1703; BD: n = 872; SZ: n = 1189) and 3590 HC. A transdiagnostic pattern of common ReHo increase was identified in the right inferior frontal gyrus, while disorder-specific ReHo alterations were distributed across different large-scale brain networks. Specifically, MDD-specific abnormalities were primarily involved the default mode and subcortical networks; BD-specific abnormalities were mostly identified within the default mode network; SZ patients exhibited more widespread dysfunction spanning across the frontoparietal, and somatomotor networks. These transdiagnostic findings advance the current understanding of neurofunctional mechanisms underlying overlapping and different multi-dimensional features across affective and psychotic disorders, offering novel insights into precision diagnostics and therapeutic targets for individualized psychiatry in the future.","PeriodicalId":19143,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"51 11","pages":"2093-2101"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41386-026-02469-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148335628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abigail E. Calder, Vincent J. Diehl, Morten P. Lietz, Parsa Yousefi, Nicole Friedli, Fabio Coviello, Antonin Rouaud, Kristian Beichmann, Anne Eckert, Gregor Hasler
{"title":"Acute and post-acute neurobehavioral responses to lysergic acid diethylamide in healthy subjects: a randomized controlled study","authors":"Abigail E. Calder, Vincent J. Diehl, Morten P. Lietz, Parsa Yousefi, Nicole Friedli, Fabio Coviello, Antonin Rouaud, Kristian Beichmann, Anne Eckert, Gregor Hasler","doi":"10.1038/s41386-026-02454-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41386-026-02454-7","url":null,"abstract":"Preclinical studies suggest that lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) may induce lasting changes in brain function and learning ability, but evidence in humans is uncertain. Motor learning, in particular, has clinical relevance but has not been investigated in human studies of psychedelics. Forty-five healthy subjects (24 women) participated in this randomized crossover trial comparing 100 µg LSD with a placebo. For up to one week after dosing, we investigated LSD’s post-acute neurophysiological effects using auditory tetanization with electroencephalography (EEG), paired associative stimulation (PAS) with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), peripheral levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Additionally, online and offline motor learning were assessed one day after dosing with a sequence typing task. Questionnaires assessed perceived stress and cognitive flexibility one week after dosing. We found that offline motor learning significantly improved the day after LSD. One week after LSD, perceived stress was reduced and aspects of cognitive flexibility were increased. EEG data showed that LSD acutely decreased amplitudes of N1 and P2 auditory event-related potentials and still modulated P2 one week later. Motor-evoked potentials measured with TMS showed increased amplitude and faster latency under LSD. LSD did not alter BDNF levels. Our findings encourage future studies on LSD and learning and additionally highlight important challenges in the measurement of long-term potentiation in humans. The observed acute and lasting changes in neural signals provide insight into LSD’s effects on the auditory and motor systems.","PeriodicalId":19143,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"51 9","pages":"1577-1587"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41386-026-02454-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148280746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Megan R. Mayer, Tse-Hwei Choo, Daniel C. Javitt, Joshua T. Kantrowitz
{"title":"Serotonin type 3 receptor (5-HT3R) antagonists for negative symptoms and cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Megan R. Mayer, Tse-Hwei Choo, Daniel C. Javitt, Joshua T. Kantrowitz","doi":"10.1038/s41386-026-02467-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41386-026-02467-2","url":null,"abstract":"While both dopamine type 2 receptor antagonists and the muscarinic M1R M1/M4R agonist xanomeline (KarXT) have shown to be effective in treating positive and total symptoms of schizophrenia, full or partial treatment resistance is common, particularly for negative symptoms and cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia (CIAS). Based on the concept of targeting excitatory-inhibitory (E/I)-imbalance, serotonin type 3 receptor (5-HT3R) antagonists may have utility as an adjunctive treatment for residual symptoms in schizophrenia. We present a meta-analysis of 5-HT3R antagonists (setrons, CVN058 and the antidepressant vortioxetine) for CIAS and negative, positive and total symptoms. 12 active- vs. placebo-arm comparisons across 730 participants met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses of both negative symptoms [Cohen’s d = −0.52 (95%CI: −0.78, −0.27), p = 0.012] and CIAS [Cohen’s d = −0.53 (95%CI: 0.09, 0.97), p = 0.02] support a significantly greater effect for active drug at a moderate effect size. The results support the potential utility not only of “setron” type 5-HT3R antagonists, but also of vortioxetine, which has significant 5-HT3R antagonist properties along with more general anti-depressant features. Results argue for definitive multicenter studies of adjunctive 5-HT3R antagonists in schizophrenia.","PeriodicalId":19143,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"51 10","pages":"1891-1897"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148274511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nadia Hejazi, Mina Kheirkhah, Brady Riedner, Qiaoping Yuan, Robin Chholak, Reza Momenan, Gregory Jones, David Goldman, Carlos A. Zarate Jr
{"title":"Modulation of early non-rapid eye movement slow wave activity by ketamine in treatment-resistant depression","authors":"Nadia Hejazi, Mina Kheirkhah, Brady Riedner, Qiaoping Yuan, Robin Chholak, Reza Momenan, Gregory Jones, David Goldman, Carlos A. Zarate Jr","doi":"10.1038/s41386-026-02465-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41386-026-02465-4","url":null,"abstract":"Slow-wave activity (SWA), a key indicator of sleep homeostasis, is often diminished in individuals with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Ketamine, a rapid-acting antidepressant, increases SWA during the first period of non-rapid eye movement (NREM1) sleep. However, research into how ketamine affects sleep and its connection to treatment outcomes in TRD has been limited by small sample sizes and a lack of comparison with healthy volunteers (HVs). This placebo-controlled study compared the effects of ketamine on NREM1 SWA in a large sample of unmedicated TRD patients (n = 91; 51 F/40 M) and HVs (n = 42; 23 F/19 M). Linear mixed-effects models and regression analyses, with post-hoc testing (paired ttests and Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank tests), were used to assess condition-related effects across baseline, ketamine, and placebo in TRD and HV participants. Age-related moderation of ketamine-associated NREM1 SWA changes and condition-related changes in sleep variables were also examined. At baseline, TRD patients had lower NREM1 SWA than HVs. Ketamine, but not placebo, increased NREM1 SWA in TRD patients, particularly in responders. In contrast, ketamine had no effect on NREM1 SWA in HVs. Following ketamine, TRD patients also showed significant increases in total sleep time and sleep efficiency and a reduction in sleep latency. In TRD patients, the ketamine-related increase in NREM1 SWA diminished with increasing age. Together, the results indicate that ketamine’s antidepressant effects appear closely associated with its ability to modulate early SWA. These effects may also be linked to ketamine’s ability to improve sleep architecture in TRD. Clinical Trials Identifier: www.clinicaltrials.gov , NCT00088699, NCT01204918.","PeriodicalId":19143,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"51 11","pages":"2008-2015"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41386-026-02465-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148267828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phospholipase A2 downregulates inhibitory transmission in the amygdala and impairs fear extinction","authors":"Kwanghoon Park, ChiHye Chung","doi":"10.1038/s41386-026-02461-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41386-026-02461-8","url":null,"abstract":"Dysregulated phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity has been reported in multiple psychiatric disorders, yet its mechanistic contribution to pathological fear remains unclear. The 129S1/SvImJ (S1) mouse strain, which shows intact fear conditioning but profound deficits in fear extinction, provides a useful model for examining molecular pathways relevant to post-traumatic stress disorder. Using RNA sequencing, electrophysiology, and targeted pharmacological manipulation, we investigated whether altered PLA2 expression in amygdala circuits contributes to impaired extinction in S1 mice. S1 mice displayed markedly elevated Pla2g4e mRNA expression in both the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and the medial division of the central amygdala (CEm) compared with C57BL/6 controls. Electrophysiological analyses revealed reduced basal inhibitory transmission onto CEm neurons in S1, a deficit reversed by acute PLA2 inhibition in both naïve and behaviorally tested mice. PLA2 inhibition also normalized the diminished inhibitory/excitatory balance in the BLA→CEm pathway following extinction training. Behaviorally, selective infusion of a PLA2 inhibitor into the CEm robustly enhanced extinction learning and retrieval in S1mice. These findings identify PLA2 as a key regulator of inhibitory signaling within central amygdala circuits and suggest that heightened PLA2 activity contributes to extinction failure, highlighting a potential molecular target for therapeutic intervention in trauma-related disorders.","PeriodicalId":19143,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"51 11","pages":"1969-1979"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148261243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Early life stress induces sex-specific changes in cognitive and affective behavior associated with disrupted noradrenergic physiology","authors":"Savannah Brannan, Ben D. Richardson","doi":"10.1038/s41386-026-02463-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41386-026-02463-6","url":null,"abstract":"Many psychiatric disorders are associated with specific risk factors, including biological sex and adversity in childhood, but the mechanisms underlying these relationships are unknown. Multiple cognitive and affective processes that are often disrupted in various psychiatric disorders are shaped by norepinephrine (NE) release throughout the brain, which is principally coordinated by noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) neurons with established sex differences in multiple properties, including stress sensitivity. Through application of a two-phase early life variable stress (ELVS) exposure to C57BL/6J mice to understand how early life adversity affects cognitive/affective behavior and LC physiology, we found that females displayed pronounced increases in novel environment exploration and reduced preference for sucrose. In addition, ELVS caused elevated activity in a familiar environment, modest deficits in Y-maze performance, and altered attention in an operant task in both sexes. A reduction in LC neuron sensitivity to corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and decreased excitability, partly due to an increase in action potential delay, was observed only in female mice exposed to ELVS, paralleling behavioral changes. CRF-induced changes in LC neuron activity were mediated by different preferential signaling pathways in naïve male and female mice - a potential mechanism for ELVS-induced sex-specific changes in LC physiology. Administration of the norepinephrine reuptake blocker reboxetine corrected ELVS-induced behavioral changes. Through this animal model of early life stress, we identified mechanisms involved in determining how stress and sex interact to cause LC activity dysregulation and related behavioral changes.","PeriodicalId":19143,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"51 9","pages":"1599-1609"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41386-026-02463-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148261241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IN MEMORIUM - Roger E. Meyer, MD","authors":"Carl Salzman","doi":"10.1038/s41386-026-02464-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41386-026-02464-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19143,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"51 9","pages":"1741-1741"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41386-026-02464-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148240958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suellen Almeida-Correa, Fynn-Sebastian Wesemann, Sarah Diez, Mary Jane Maynard, Lucas Yebra Garcia, Patrizia Voehringer, Boris Ferger, Michael Becker, Carsten T. Wotjak, Johann du Hoffmann
{"title":"Effort, timing and choice: a refined rodent effort choice task with excellent sensitivity to dopamine modulators","authors":"Suellen Almeida-Correa, Fynn-Sebastian Wesemann, Sarah Diez, Mary Jane Maynard, Lucas Yebra Garcia, Patrizia Voehringer, Boris Ferger, Michael Becker, Carsten T. Wotjak, Johann du Hoffmann","doi":"10.1038/s41386-026-02453-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41386-026-02453-8","url":null,"abstract":"Motivational deficits and anhedonia are core features of psychiatric disorders such as depression, schizophrenia and addiction, yet current treatments rarely improve these symptoms. Progress towards targeted therapeutics requires preclinical tasks that reliably capture pharmacological modulation of relevant neural circuits. Here, we developed a modified effort-related choice task (mERC) that integrates high effort demands, extended intertrial intervals and choice, to enable robust bidirectional sensitivity to systemic pharmacology. Unlike standard paradigms, mERC detects both impairing and enhancing effects of dopamine modulators within a single task and reveals drug-sensitive anticipatory responses during intertrial intervals—a behavioral feature linked to interval timing and motivational vigor. Using neurochemical and photometric analyses, we show that mERC performance is associated with behavioral signatures consistent with dopaminergic signaling across different timescales and is potentially constrained by a bounded dynamic range beyond which behavioral modulation is lost. Species differences in drug efficacy map onto baseline dopamine tone and depletion dynamics, underscoring the interactions between task structure and neurochemical state. Together, these findings establish mERC as a stable and sensitive preclinical assay for enhancing our understanding of effort-based decision-making and for screening novel therapeutics targeting motivational dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":19143,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"51 11","pages":"2227-2237"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41386-026-02453-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148221682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tyler Shannon, Mariam Najeeb, Yoon-Jae Yi, Yuyan Shen, Bin Gu
{"title":"Cannabidiol corrects sleep deficits and reduces spontaneous seizures in Angelman syndrome model mice","authors":"Tyler Shannon, Mariam Najeeb, Yoon-Jae Yi, Yuyan Shen, Bin Gu","doi":"10.1038/s41386-026-02462-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41386-026-02462-7","url":null,"abstract":"The off-label use of cannabidiol (CBD) has outpaced investigation. We assessed the effects of CBD in Angelman syndrome model mice lacking the Ube3a gene and found that chronic injection of CBD increased rapid-eye movement sleep during the dark cycle, restored “Siesta”, improved sleep homeostasis, and reduced spontaneous seizures following flurothyl kindling.","PeriodicalId":19143,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"51 9","pages":"1737-1740"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41386-026-02462-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148213384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mindy Westlund Schreiner, Sarah J. Manuele, Jason J. Washburn, Stew Shankman, Kathryn R. Cullen, Lei Wang, Lisanne M. Jenkins
{"title":"White matter and impulsivity are prospectively associated with non‑suicidal self‑injury in youth: evidence for sex differences","authors":"Mindy Westlund Schreiner, Sarah J. Manuele, Jason J. Washburn, Stew Shankman, Kathryn R. Cullen, Lei Wang, Lisanne M. Jenkins","doi":"10.1038/s41386-026-02458-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41386-026-02458-3","url":null,"abstract":"Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) typically begins in adolescence and is associated with higher impulsivity and compromised white matter microstructure in the brain. Identifying early predictors of NSSI is a high priority. We used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study to examine whether baseline white matter, specifically generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA), and different facets of impulsivity were prospectively associated with NSSI onset two years later (Y2). We also examined interactions with sex. We identified 209 youth aged 8–11 years who reported NSSI at Y2, but not at baseline (incident NSSI; iNSSI) and 209 controls matched by demographic and clinical characteristics. We conducted a Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regularization, which yielded an AUC of .60, to narrow down predictors for logistic regression. Significant main effects indicated that lower GFA of the left parolfactory section of the cingulum (OR = 0.63) and higher negative urgency (OR = 1.54) were prospectively associated with Y2 NSSI. Sex interactions indicated that the relations between Y2 NSSI and lower GFA of the left parolfactory section of the cingulum (OR = 1.75) and higher negative urgency (OR = 0.60) were driven by males. Higher sensation seeking (OR = 1.36) and lack of perseverance (OR = 1.46) were more strongly associated with Y2 NSSI among females than males. Future work is needed to better understand the course of development of white matter microstructure and impulsivity as it relates to NSSI.","PeriodicalId":19143,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"51 10","pages":"1873-1880"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41386-026-02458-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148207607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}